DE4320509A1 - Current supply circuitry esp. for motor vehicle - uses three=phase, pref. voltage-regulated, generator with additional transformer providing independent supply for, e.g. controlled warm=up of exhaust catalytic converter - Google Patents

Abstract

The conventional elements of the vehicular power supply circuit are augmented with a three-phase transformer (13) producing independent voltages from its sec. windings (15) which constitute the operative windings of a three-phase transductor. Control windings on the transformer core are connected to a source of adjustable control current which sets the working point on its magnetisation curve. The core itself is mfd. of material having a pronounced, and approx. rectangular and pref. relatively small, hysteresis loop. ADVANTAGE - Either continuous or rapidly successive changes in load current or supply voltage are possible with relatively low electrical and mechanical complexity and without significant increase in energy consumption.

Description

State of the art

The invention relates to a circuit arrangement according to the Generic terms of claims 1 and 2; furthermore concerns the Invention a single or multi-phase current transformer or a single or multi-phase current transducer according to the Generic terms of claims 6 and 7; further concerns the Invention Applications of the circuit arrangements mentioned and the mentioned transformer or transducer according to the Claims 5 and 8 and 9 and two special for the Erfin important applications according to claims 10 and 11, and finally the invention relates to an electrical one Device according to claim 14.  

The power supply in motor vehicles occurs today mostly based on a power supply from 12 volts. On this supply voltage are accordingly also a large number of components in motor vehicles as well as various electrical consumers for use matched in or on the motor vehicle and meanwhile one high perfection in terms of functional safety and space brought need. - In some cases, however, there is also DC voltage supplies that differ from this in Vehicles - also in motor vehicles - with a supply voltage of, for example, 6 volts or 24 volts. From one Supply voltage deviating from 12 volts care can be found e.g. B. also in armored vehicles.

In US-A-4 780 619 there is already a circuit arrangement a three-phase generator as an energy source for a power supplier supply with adjustable effective supply voltage for driving witness, especially motor vehicles, described. This scarf has an arrangement with the three-phase generator Motor vehicle electrically connected three-phase transformer in Form of a so-called autotransformer, at whose end several different supply voltages for Are available to operate electrical consumers that need different supply voltages.

They are different in the known circuit arrangement supply voltages with respect to the respective amount of Voltage fixed; a change of a consumer Supply voltage to be supplied can only be carried out to this extent be performed as gradually different Potentials at corresponding connections of the transformer be tapped. Regardless of that with regard to a larger number of different supply voltages Transformer should have a corresponding number of taps and accordingly a suitable switch in the case such a circuit arrangement should be provided at least with such a solution a continuous and  especially a quick adjustment of the supplier supply voltage to the respective needs - preferably in Connection with a regulation of electrical or other quantities, e.g. B. the temperature of a catalyst or the supply Voltage of a discharge lamp for a vehicle headlight - not possible.

For the operation of special devices and systems, e.g. B. for the Operation of a - preferably controllable - catalyst heating or for the operation of modern discharge lamps for However, vehicle headlights often require power supplies Lich with a significantly higher than the usual supply nowadays supply voltage of 12 volts and the possibility of being carried out continuously and quickly Changes in the supply voltage or supply stromes for control purposes.

There are also applications in which the data to be transmitted Power is relatively high, so that in force nowadays vehicles usual supply voltages with a very large voltage drop on the transmission path must be, apart from the fact that the cables to be laid cross sections to compensate the cable resistance Electrical equipment of the motor vehicle noticeably more expensive.

To establish facilities with the possibilities of conventional power supply care in motor vehicles different need for utilities voltage or current, particularly with regard to Control or regulation options for voltage or current, So far, one has been able to operate the affected vehicles with an additional generator equip. Such a solution is not only very expensive, but also takes up a lot of space and is because of the resulting installation problems with the As a result of complex design changes, often not realize.  

task

The aim of the present invention is to provide a circuit arrangement or a transformer or a transducer of the input to improve the type and the use opportunities to expand that with relatively little electrical and mechanical-constructive effort and without any noteworthy additional consumption of electrical energy a both continuous as well as rapid change of one Consumer supply voltage or this Current to be supplied to the consumer is possible, preferably in Connection with the regulation of a physical quantity.

solution

To solve the problem outlined above, first of all the inventions proposed in the characterizing Parts of claims 1 and 2 are specified. Be next to it a single or multi-phase to solve the above task current transformer or a single or multi-phase current transformer Duktor proposed according to claims 6 and 7. Furthermore are with claims 8, 9, 10 and 11 according to the invention Applications described in claim 14 an inventive Facility.

advantages

The invention - within the scope of the claims striking different patent categories - allows it without Need a second generator in the vehicle a second To create electrical system, which one of the supply voltage deviating from the usual (first) electrical system and in particular continuously changeable supply voltage or a continuous Nuously changeable electricity without excessive technical and provides costly effort.  

With such an additional power supply accordingly the invention, it is z. B. possible in the heating phase of Catalytic converter of a motor vehicle depending on the course the temperature of the catalyst controlled heating (preheat tongue) of the catalyst. This then has an ent speaking drastically reduced emission of pollutants while the catalyst is warming up to operating temperature - mostly associated with warming up the engine of the Vehicle - as a result, with accordingly considerable reduced pollutant emissions especially in the city or Short-distance traffic.

But also z. B. with regard to modern discharge lamps for Vehicle headlights with their special requirements for the Supply voltage when and after switching on or ent speaking power demand is fast and with the invention continuously changeable supply voltage and current applicable with advantage.

In sub-claims 3 and 4 and 12 and 13 are more advantageous measures or features specified.

The sub-claim 3 relates to an advantageous further Embodiment of the circuit arrangement according to claim 1 or 2 with regard to reducing pollutants in the Heating phase proposed additional, temperature-dependent regulated heating (preheating) of the catalyst of a vehicle.

The sub-claim 4 relates to a further preferred, for the Use of the invention important further embodiment of the Circuit arrangement according to claim 1 or 2 with regard to optimal operation of such modern lamps for Vehicle headlights.

The sub-claims 12 and 13 represent further advantageous Features of a transducer according to claim 10 or  11 for temperature-controlled electrical heating a catalytic converter of a motor vehicle or for operation a discharge lamp for a vehicle headlight applied becomes.

In general, the present invention enables - in contrast to the known solutions to the problems raised - the Provision of an additional vehicle electrical system voltage, which can be quickly and continuously controlled or can be regulated without this being an additional Generator in the vehicle. - In cooperation with one corresponding, connected to the outputs of the generator The transformer is a complete galvanic isolation this newly created electrical system from the already existing usual (first) electrical system reached.

Further explanation of the invention

Referring to Figs. 1 to 12 of the drawings, the invention in the following by means of various circuit arrangements, charts and block diagrams as well as a schematic representation of the air / exhaust gas lamellae will be explained a catalyst in connection with an application of the invention in more detail.

Show it

Figure 1 shows a circuit arrangement for a conventional Stromversor supply in a motor vehicle with a three-phase generator as an energy source, together with a three-phase transformer for generating a further, preferably to be regulated supply voltage.

Fig. 2 shows a transformer according to the invention provided with integrated transducer or transducer integrated function in a schematic representation;

Fig. 3 is a circuit arrangement for explaining the effect of a transducer for single-phase alternating current as a flow-controlling, current-controlling circuit;

Fig. 4 shows a circuit arrangement for explaining the effect of a transducer for three-phase current as a flow-controlling, current-controlling circuit;

Fig. 5 shows a circuit arrangement for explaining the effect of a transducer for single-phase alternating current as a flow-controlling, voltage-controlling circuit;

Fig. 6 shows a circuit arrangement for explaining the effect of a transducer for three-phase current as a flow-controlling, voltage-controlling circuit;

Figure 7 is a magnetization curve (hysteresis loop) for the inventively provided core material of the Trans formators or representation of the transducer with the magnetic induction as a function of the magnetic field strength.

Fig. 8 is a control characteristic of a voltage regulating operated Transducer according to the invention;

Fig. 9 shows a circuit arrangement with a voltage regulating operated, according to the invention transducer for A-phase alternating current for explaining the diagrams of Figs 10a / 10b.

Figure 10a / 10b the course of currents, voltages and magnetic fluxes in voltage regulating Actuated, inventive transducer according to the circuit of Figure 9 for two different Vorstromdurchflutungen..;

11 is a block diagram for explaining the controlled application of the invention temperature dependent on the SUC constricting heating (preheating) of the catalyst of a motor vehicle. and

Fig. 12 shows a schematic representation of the air / exhaust fins of a catalyst with integrated heating elements.

In Fig. 1, a circuit arrangement is shown, comprising the non-circuit elements for a conventional power supply (first board power supply) of a motor vehicle with an alternator as the energy source further comprises a three-phase transformer for generating at least one other, of the supply voltage-of the first vehicle electrical system deviates supply voltage (second board network) . The supply voltage or voltages supplied by the second electrical system - that is to say from the three-phase generator via the three-phase transformer - or the supply current or currents supplied by the second electrical system should be able to be changed continuously and quickly according to the invention, in particular in connection with control processes.

Fig. 1 shows a generator 1 with collectively referred to as rotor winding 2 output windings for three-phase current. The stator winding of the generator 1, which is not shown separately, is connected in a manner known per se via lines 3 , 4 to the outputs (not specified in more detail) of a regulator 5 serving to regulate the voltage of the output or supply voltage to be supplied by the generator 1 . The controller 5 is also connected on the one hand via a line 6 and diodes 7 , 8 and 9 to the three partial windings of the rotor winding 2 and on the other hand via a line 10 with ground (zero potential) 11 the. - In addition, a rectifier arrangement 12 designed for three-phase current is connected to the rotor winding 2 in a manner known per se, at the output of which the battery (accumulator mulator) and — not shown further — various electrical consumers of the vehicle are connected.

The illustrated in the circuit of Figure 1, for producing -. At least - a further supply voltage for a second vehicle electrical system in the vehicle provided, denoted by 13 three-phase transformer with its collectively designated 14 primary windings of the three phase conductors U, V, W of the rotor winding 2 of the generator 1 connected. The secondary windings of the three-phase transformer 13 , designated in summary with 15 , deliver via the phase conductors U ', V', W 'a voltage which is more or less deviating from the voltage-regulated supply voltage of the first vehicle electrical system in accordance with the requirements and is also voltage-regulated (three-phase) supply voltage for generator 1 the second electrical system provided according to the invention.

The three-phase transformer 13 can be designed in such a way that its secondary windings also form the working windings of a three-phase transducer, the core material of the three-phase transformer or three-phase transformer absorbing the magnetic flux then serving both the transformer function and the transducer function having a pronounced, at least approximately rectangular, preferably has a relatively narrow magnetization curve (hysteresis loop); the secondary windings of the three-phase transformer forming the working windings of the three-phase transformer are control windings located on the core of the three-phase transformer, which are connected to a control element (not shown here in more detail) for the supply of an adjustable control current to the control windings of the three-phase transformer / three-phase transducer. The control current to be supplied to the control windings is used in a manner known per se for setting an operating point on the magnetization curve (hysteresis loop) of the core material of the three-phase transformer / three-phase transducer.

However, the three-phase transformer 13 can also be designed as a conventional three-phase transformer with a magnetic flux-absorbing core made of a core material with the usual dependence of the magnetic induction (B) on the magnetic field strength (H), to which three-phase transformer a separately constructed three-phase current transformer is then connected whose magnetic flux-absorbing core consists of a core material with a pronounced, at least approximately rectangular, preferably relatively narrow magnetization curve.

Fig. 2 shows a schematic, parked on the electric / magnetic function of the components shown a representation inventively provided three-phase transformer 16 with integrated Drehstromtransduktor 17 in the form of a physically structural supply unit 18. The designated with 19 , 20 , 21 secondary windings of the three-phase transformer 16 and the designated 22 , 23 , 24 working windings of the three-phase transformer 17 are preferably formed by one and the same winding of the three-phase transformer / three-phase transducer; the control windings for achieving the transducer function are designated 25 , 26 , 27 .

Via input terminals 28 , 29 , the control windings 25 to 27 can be supplied with a control current via a control element (not shown), which results in a control flow in the core material of the transformer / transducer, with which an operating point on the magnetization characteristic of the core material of the transformer / Transducer is set.

However, it is also possible to use three-phase transformer and rotary current transducer in the form of a physical-structural unit to connect with each other, but functionally from separate Elements - that is, a transformer and a transducer on the other hand - to form. - In the former case there is Common core for transformer and transducer of a core material with a pronounced, at least approximately rectangular, preferably relatively narrow magnetization Curve; in the second case, the core is only the Transductor made of such a material.  

At the designated 30 , 31 , 32 output terminals of the supply unit 18 according to FIG. 2, a - derived from the voltage-controlled generator 1 - supply voltage is present, which - taking into account the transmission ratio of the transformer / transducer 16 , 17 - in a relatively wide range is continuously and quickly changed by appropriate change of the control current mentioned in the control windings of the transducer portion of the supply unit 18th

Fig. 3 shows a circuit arrangement with a transducer 33 with working windings 34 , 35 and the working windings 34 , 35 associated control winding 36 and 37 as a flow-controlling, current-controlling circuit, as it could be used in principle in connection with the invention. The working windings 34 , 35 are on the one hand at connections for supplying the supply voltage and on the other hand at a rectifier arrangement, at the outputs of which there is an output DC voltage which can be controlled via the control windings 36 , 37 .

Fig. 4 shows a circuit arrangement with a three-phase transducer 38 having - in each case one phase of the three-phase current associated - working windings 39, 40 and 41, 42 and 43, 44 and this working windings associated control windings 45, 46 and 47, 48 and 49 , 50 as a flow-controlling, current-controlling circuit. The working windings 39 to 44 are on the one hand at connections 51 to 53 for the three phases U ', V', W '(see Fig. 1) and on the other hand at star-shaped electrical consumers 54 to 56 .

Fig. 5 shows a circuit arrangement with a transducer 57 with working windings 58 , 59 and the working windings 58 , 59 associated control winding 60 and 61 as a flow-control, voltage-controlling circuit, as is preferably used in connection with the invention for single-phase alternating current. The working windings 58 , 59 are on the one hand at connections 62 , 63 for the supply of the supply voltage and on the other hand at a rectifier arrangement 64 which is connected to the working windings to form a bridge circuit and at the outputs of which there is an output DC voltage which can be controlled via the control windings 60 , 61 at an electrical load 65 lies.

Fig. 6 shows a circuit arrangement with a three-phase transducer 66 with - each associated with a phase of the three-phase current - work windings 67 , 68 or 69 , 70 or 71 , 72 and these work windings associated control windings 73 , 74 or 75 , 76 or 77 , 78 as a flow-controlling, preferably used in connection with the invention voltage control circuit. The working windings 67 to 72 are on the one hand at connections 79 to 81 for the three phases U ', V', W '(see Fig. 1) and on the other hand at star-shaped electrical consumers 82 to 84 .

In Fig. 7 a diagram is shown, which shows in an idealized representation the course of the induction B as a function of the field strength H for a core material, as it is in connection with the present invention for the core of the transformer / transducer, in particular three-phase transformer / Three-phase current transducer is used.

Fig. 8 shows with the dependency of the current flowing through the working winding of the transformer / transducer current I _A from the level of the control current I _A or the corresponding control flow in the core of the transformer / transducer, a typical control characteristic for the operation of a transformer / transducer in connection with the invention.

Fig. 9 shows a circuit arrangement with a voltage-controlled operated transformer / transformer according to the invention for single-phase alternating current for explaining the diagrams according to FIGS . 10a / 10b, with work windings 85 , 86 and the work windings 85 , 86 associated control windings 87 , 88 and an electrical Consumers 89 .

In Fig. 10a / 10b of the temporal profile of currents, voltages and magnetic fluxes is shown in the case of a voltage regulating powered transformer / Transducer as shown in Fig. 9, and that for two different Vorstromdurchflutungen of the core of the transformer / Transducer.

As the core material for the core of one or more transformers / transducers used according to the invention, those soft magnetic materials which have a very low coercive field strength H _c , that is to say a very narrow hysteresis loop, and in which the transition from saturation to a high remanence B _r with a sharp bend.

In Fig. 11 is a block diagram for explaining the application of the invention to the temperature-dependent heating - or preheating - the catalyst of a motor vehicle is shown. The block diagram schematically showing a three-phase transformer according to the invention / Drehstromtransduktor 90, on the one hand to a generator 91 and on the other hand, with the air / exhaust gas slats of a catalyst of a motor vehicle integrated heating elements 92 is connected as electrical consumer. The heating elements 92 and the catalytic converter are assigned measuring sensors (not shown) for detecting the temperature of the catalytic converter, which are connected to the inputs of a control element 93, which are not described in more detail. The control element 93 - preferably designed as a known Howland circuit - controls the control current to be supplied to the control windings of the three-phase transformer / three-phase transducer in accordance with the setpoint specified via the connection 94 of the control element in such a way that the catalytic converter reaches its operating temperature within the shortest possible period of time.

Fig. 12 / shows air exhaust slats 95 of a catalyst with integrated heating elements 92 in a schematic representation.

Reference list

1 generator
2 rotor winding
3 line
4 line
5 controllers
6 line
7 diode
8 diode
9 diode
10 line
11 mass
12 rectifier arrangement
13 three-phase transformer
14 primary windings
15 secondary windings
16 three-phase transformer
17 three-phase transducer
18 supply unit
19 secondary windings
20 secondary windings
21 secondary windings
22 working windings
23 working windings
24 working windings
25 control windings
26 control windings
27 control windings
28 input terminal
29 input terminal
30 output terminal
31 output terminal
32 output terminal
33 transducer
34 work winding
35 work winding
36 control winding
37 control winding
38 three-phase transducer
39 work winding
40 work winding
41 work winding
42 Labor winding
43 work winding
44 work winding
45 control winding
46 Tax winding
47 Tax winding
48 control winding
49 Tax winding
50 control winding
51 connection
52 connection
53 connection
54 consumers
55 consumers
56 consumers
57 transducer
58 work winding
59 work winding
60 control winding
61 control winding
62 connection
63 connection
64 Rectifier arrangement
65 consumers
66 three-phase transducer
67 work winding
68 Work winding
69 Labor winding
70 work winding
71 Labor winding
72 work winding
73 Tax winding
74 Tax winding
75 control winding
76 control winding
77 control winding
78 Tax winding
79 connection
80 connection
81 connection
82 consumers
83 consumers
84 consumers
85 work winding
86 work winding
87 Tax winding
88 Tax winding
89 consumers
90 three-phase transformer / transducer
91 generator
92 heating elements
93 control element
94 connection
95 air / exhaust fins

Claims (14)

1. Circuit arrangement with a preferably voltage-sensitive three-phase generator ( 1 ) as an energy source for a power supply with adjustable effective supply voltage for vehicles, in particular motor vehicles,

• a) with a three-phase transformer ( 13 ), the primary windings ( 14 ) of which are connected to the output windings ( 2 ) of the three-phase generator ( 1 ) and whose secondary windings ( 15 ) provide the supply voltage, which can be rectified if necessary,
  characterized by the following features:
• b) the core receiving the magnetic flux of the three-phase transformer ( 13 ) consists of a core material with a pronounced, at least approximately rectangular, preferably relatively narrow magnetization curve (hysteresis loop),
• c) the secondary windings ( 15 ) of the three-phase transformer ( 13 ) simultaneously form the working windings of a three-phase transducer, and
• d) the secondary windings ( 15 ) of the three-phase transformer ( 13 ) forming the working windings of a three-phase transducer are assigned control windings on the core of the three-phase transformer ( 13 ), which have a control element for the supply of an adjustable control current to the control windings of the three-phase transformer / - transducers ( 13 ) are connected to set an operating point on the magnetization curve of the core material of the three-phase transformer ( 13 ) and thus to supply the electrical loads connected to the secondary windings ( 15 ) of the three-phase transformer ( 13 ) with a predeterminable, continuously variable voltage or a Predeterminable, continuously changeable current.

2. Circuit arrangement with a preferably voltage-sensitive three-phase generator ( 1 ) as an energy source for a power supply with adjustable effective supply voltage for vehicles, in particular motor vehicles,

• a) with a three-phase transformer ( 16 ), the primary windings of which are connected to the output windings ( 2 ) of the three-phase generator ( 1 ) and whose secondary windings ( 19 to 21 ) provide the supply voltage, which can be rectified if necessary, characterized by the following features:
• b) the secondary windings ( 19 to 21 ) of the three-phase transformer ( 16 ) are connected to the working windings ( 22 to 24 ) of a three-phase transducer ( 17 ),
• c) the core of the three-phase transducer ( 17 ) consists of a core material with a pronounced, at least approximately rectangular, preferably relatively narrow magnetization curve (hysteresis loop), and
• d) the working windings (22 to 24) of the rotary current Trans ductor (17) are control windings classified (25 to 27) supplied, which are connected to a control member for the supply of an adjustable control current to the control windings (25 to 27) of the Drehstromtransduktors (17) for setting a working point on the magnetization curve of the core material of the three-phase transducer ( 17 ) and thus for supplying the work windings ( 22 to 24 ) of the three-phase transducer ( 17 ) connected to electrical consumers with a pre-tunable, continuously variable voltage or a predeterminable , continuously changeable current.

3. Circuit arrangement according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the electrical consumers in a catalytic converter of a motor vehicle are arranged heating elements ( 92 ), which sensors are assigned to determine the temperature of the catalyst, which with the input of the control member ( 93 ) for the control windings to be supplied to the control windings ( 25 to 27 ) of the three-phase transformer or three-phase transducer ( 16 , 17 ). 4. Circuit arrangement according to claim 1 or 2, characterized ge indicates that the electrical consumer discharge lamps for vehicle headlights are. 5. Application of the circuit arrangement according to claim 1 or 2 to single-phase alternating current. 6. Single or multi-phase current transformer, in particular a rotary current transformer, with a core made of magnetizable core material, characterized in that the core of the transformer ( 16 , 17 ) consists of a core material with an approximately rectangular, preferably relatively narrow magnetization curve (hysteresis loop) and that Secondary winding or windings ( 19 to 21 ) of the transformer ( 16 ) form working windings ( 22 to 24 ) in the manner of a transducer ( 17 ) to which control windings ( 25 to 27 ) are assigned for the supply of a control current for setting a working point on the magnetization curve of the core material of the transformer / transducer ( 16 , 17 ). 7.Single or multi-phase current transducer, in particular a three-phase current transducer, with a core made of magnetizable core material and one or more working windings and control windings assigned to the working windings for the supply of a control current for setting a working point on the magnetization curve (hysteresis loop) of the core material of the transducer, thereby indicates that the core of the transducer ( 17 ) consists of a core material with an approximately rectangular, preferably relatively narrow magnetization curve. 8. Application of a transformer according to claim 6 for the power supply of electrical / electronic components with predeterminable, continuously changeable voltage or predeterminable, continuously changeable current in vehicles, in particular motor vehicles, with a preferably voltage-controlled three-phase generator ( 1 ) as an energy source. 9. Application of a transducer according to claim 7 for the power supply of electrical / electronic components with predeterminable, continuously changeable voltage or predeterminable, continuously changeable current in vehicles, in particular motor vehicles, with a preferably voltage-controlled alternator ( 1 ) as an energy source. 10. Application of a single or multi-phase current generator, in particular a voltage-controlled three-phase generator ( 1 ) of a motor vehicle electrically connected transducer ( 16 , 17 or 17 ) for temperature-dependent controlled electrical heating of a catalytic converter of a motor vehicle. 11. Application of a single or multi-phase current generator, in particular a voltage-controlled three-phase generator ( 1 ) of a motor vehicle electrically connected transducer ( 16 , 17 or 17 ) for operating a discharge lamp for a vehicle headlight. 12. Application according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that the core material of the transducer ( 16 , 17 or 17 ) has a pronounced, at least approximately rectangular and preferably narrow magnetization curve (hysteresis loop). 13. Application according to claim 12, characterized in that the working winding or the working windings ( 22 to 24 ) of the transducer ( 17 ) from the secondary winding or the secondary windings ( 19 to 21 ) of a transformer ( 16 ) are formed. 14. Electrical device for connection to a single or multi-phase current generator, in particular voltage-controlled three-phase generator ( 1 ), as an energy source for a power supply with adjustable effective supply voltage in vehicles, in particular motor vehicles, characterized by an existing transformer ( 16 ) and transducer ( 17 ) physical structural unit, with a core for transformer ( 16 ) or transducer ( 17 ) consisting of a core material with at least approximately rectangular, preferably relatively narrow magnetization curve (hysteresis loop).