DE4302314A1 - Surface active mixtures - Google Patents

Abstract

Surfactant mixtures contain an anionic surfactant, a special alkyl glycoside and a synthetic non-ionic polymer. Besides having good foaming properties and good skin compatibility, these mixtures are characterized in that thay make hair more full and easy to comb and give greater stability to hair styles.

Description

Field of the Invention

The invention relates to surface-active mixtures, in particular agents for washing or rinsing hair due to its composition are particularly gentle on the skin.

State of the art

To achieve a cleaning effect contain aqueous cleaning agents usually surface-active compounds, which usually the Skin stress of the agent is increased. This is especially true for the wich term class of anionic surfactants.

This increased skin strain should be in the area of body cleansers be avoided. Especially for products that are used frequently are designed to serve to clean the intimate area or with Contact with mucous membranes is good skin tolerance important. There is therefore a constant need for mild aqueous cleansers agents with good foaming power.

Are of particular interest in the field of aqueous cleaning agents Means for washing or rinsing hair, for example shampoos and down rinsable hair aftertreatment. There is in particular a stand need for such agents that have an improved effect Lich fullness and manageability of the hair.

The head hair often shows a cosmetically unsatisfactory after washing Condition on. It feels dull and is difficult to get when wet comb and tends to static charge when dry, which makes Combing is difficult and the fit of the combed hair is disturbed.  

The use of zwitterionic polymers, the anionic, is known Groups, usually carboxyl groups, and quaternary ammonium groups in the Molecule included in hair treatment products. For example, describes DE-OS-21 50 557 the use of polymers of zwitterionic Mo. nomer in hair fixative. However, zwitterionic polymers show especially in formulations with anionic surfactants the disadvantage that the hair-activating and hair-fixing properties over the course of longer Storage time is gradually lost.

It is also known after washing or shampooing the hair conditioning preparations, mostly based on cationic surfactants or to add conditioning substances to the shampoo zen to condition a certain amount at the same time as shampooing To achieve effect. Such substances are, for example, cationic poly mer like cationic cellulose derivatives. This is how the European Pa Tent application EP 337 354 (Kao) means that a combination of Contain alkyl glycosides and at least one cationic polymer. With this combination is intended according to the task of EP 337 354 are obtained that are gentle on the skin and have a certain foaming power exhibit.

The German patent DE 33 36 760 C2 (L'Oreal) describes mild cleaning compositions containing glucoside alkyl ethers with alkyl residues of chain length C _8-10 and nonionic polymers such as polyvinylpyrrolidone or its copolymers with nonionic co-monomers. DE 33 36 760 is based on the task of providing mild cleaning agents.

From European patent application EP 070 074 (Procter & Gamble) foaming surfactant compositions known to be an alkyl polysaccharide Contain surfactant and an anionic cosurfactant. In example XII is also discloses a shampoo composition that has an alpha Olefin sulfonate (anionic surfactant), an alkyl polyglucoside and Hydroxyethyl cellulose (a semi-synthetic nonionic polymer) contains. However, the example of EP 070 074 cited does not contain any hints points out how the active properties of the shampoo by choosing  The type and quantity of its components can be specifically influenced; esp in particular, it contains no indication of the beneficial effect of purely syn thetic nonionic polymers in corresponding ternary mixtures.

From the German published application DE-OS 27 32 734 (Colgate-Palmolive) are shampoos containing amine oxides, a fatty acid ester, an alkyl glycoside and a polyacrylamide are known. According to the description Exercise of this application can u. a. also Polyvinyl pyrrolidone may be present. However, the means mentioned must be one be purely non-ionic, d. H. no components with io nischer character, such as anionic surfactants contain; on the other hand The teaching of DE-OS 27 32 734 relates to a very special combination nation of four special components and accordingly contains no kei very little indication of the beneficial effects of ternary mixtures of the nature as addressed in the present invention.

Description of the invention

The profile of requirements for surface-active mixtures of is affected, however, is limited not on the required skin-protecting properties as well as a certain Foaming power, there are rather a number of other requirements too fulfill.

With the from the prior art - z. B. EP 337 354 - known With teln is a satisfactory improvement in wet combability and also achieved a reduction in static electricity. These effects go however practically always with too much smoothing of dry hair hand in hand. This creates the disadvantage that the hair has little fullness and Hairstyle has no hold. The smoothness of the hair is all the more pronounced, the lower the combing resistance of dry hair.

It was therefore the task of surface-active mixtures and in particular other means for washing and rinsing hair, to find which ones at the same time good foaming power and low skin stress the hairstyle Accessibility and improve the hairstyle hold of the hair without stickiness of the hair.  

It has now surprisingly been found that abundance, manageability and frisu Renhaltieren the hair clearly compared to the known prior art can be improved if the surface-active mixture is 1 to 50% by weight an anionic surfactant, 0.5 to 15% by weight of an alkyl glycoside and 0.1 to 7 % By weight of a synthetic nonionic polymer.

The invention accordingly relates to surface-active mixtures containing

• (A) 1 to 50 wt .-% of one or more anionic surfactants, the 1 or 2 lipo selected phile residues with 1 to 22 carbon atoms and a polar residue from the group of carboxylate, sulfate or sulfonate residues and counter also a polyoxyalkylene radical with a medium alkoxylie degree of 1 to 15 included,
• (B) 0.5 to 15% by weight of one or more alkyl glycosides of the general formula (I) R (G) _x (I) in which R is a linear, saturated alkyl radical having 12 to 22 C atoms and (G) _x Is a glycoside or oligoglycoside residue with an oligomerization degree x of 1 to 10,
• (C) 0.1 to 7% by weight of a synthetic nonionic polymer,
• (D) 28 to 98.4% by weight water,

with the proviso that the content of the mixtures in the sum of the components ten (B) and (C) is not greater than the content of component (A).

Polyoxyalkylene radical is understood to be a group which is composed of oxyethylene units - [CH ₂ -CH ₂ -O] - or of oxypropylene units - [CH (CH ₃ ) - CH₂-O] -. As is common in the art, the average degree of alkoxylation is understood to mean the average number of oxyalkylene units per molecule of the anionic surfactant.

According to the invention, the anionic surfactants (A) are preferably selected from the Group of alkyl and dialkyl ether sulfates, ether carboxylic acids, sulfons rock acid semiesters, fatty alcohol ether citrates, fatty alcohol ether tartrates,  Acyl sarcosides, acyl taurides, acyl isethionates and the sulfonates of unsung saturated fat.

The counterions of the carboxylate, sulfate or sulfonate residues are preferred from the group of alkali and alkaline earth metals, aluminum, ammonium and Alkyl or alkylolammonium groups with 1 to 4 carbon atoms in each alkyl or alkylol group selected. The group of Alkali metals.

The chemical structures and the basic surfactant properties of the Most of these anionic surfactants are now part of textbook knowledge and therefore need no further explanation. Other suitable anionic surfactants are mentioned below: Among dialkyl ether sulfates are compounds to understand how they be in the European patent application EP 299 370 are written. From this document details of the manufacture procedure and the properties of these compounds are taken. Among fatty alcohol ether tartrates are monoester salts of tartaric acid, among Fatty alcohol ether citrates with mono- and / or diester salts of citric acid Addition products of ethylene oxide and / or propylene oxide with fatty alcohols to understand. Among sulfonates are unsaturated fatty acids Sulfonation products of fatty acids with 12 to 22 carbon atoms and 1 to 6 Understand double bonds. Such products are known from the literature and for example by reacting these fatty acids with gaseous Sulfur trioxide accessible. Details can be found using the example of oleic acid the manufacturing process of German patent application DE 39 26 344 be removed.

In the case of anionic surfactants which contain a polyoxyalkylene radical, the following applies: the degree of alkoxylation in general that in alkoxylation reactions such as the addition of x mol ethylene oxide to 1 mol fatty al alcohol according to the known ethoxylation processes no uniform ad product, but a mixture of residual amounts of free fatty alcohol and one Series of homologous (oligomeric) addition products of 1, 2, 3,. . . x, x + 1, x + 2. . . etc. molecules of ethylene oxide per molecule of fatty alcohol is obtained. The average degree of ethoxylation (x) is defined by the Aus quantities of fatty alcohol and ethylene oxide. The distribution curve of the  Homolog mixture usually has a maximum in the range between x-3 and x + 3 on. For more information, for example, the time font Soap / Cosmetics / Chemical Specialties, issue January 1988, p. 34, be removed. In addition to the usual known from the prior art However, alkoxylation catalysts such as sodium methoxide can be used also use those catalysts that lead to products with so-called narrow homolog distribution, cf. B. Soap-oils-fats- Waxes 1990 (116) 60.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the proportion is anionic surfactants 4 to 30 wt .-%.

Alkylglycosides (B) of the general formula (I)

R- (G) _x (I)

where R, G and x have the meaning given above, have long been knew surfactants made from sugars and aliphatic, pri can be produced alcohols with acetalization. As a sugar compo nents (glycoses) prefer glucose, but also fructose, Mannose, galactose, telose, gulose, allose, old rose, idose, arabinose, Xylose, lyxose, libose and mixtures thereof in question.

Preferred because of the easy accessibility and the good application properties are the acetalization products of glucose with fatty alcohols R-OH, the z. B. from natural fats and oils by known methods are available, especially with linear, primary, saturated and un saturated fatty alcohols with 12 to 22 carbon atoms.

Alkyl glycosides, their preparation and use as surface-active substances are, for example, from US-A-3,839,318, US-A-3,707,535, US-A-3,547,828, DE-A-19 43 689, DE-A-20 36 472, DE-A-30 01 064 and EP-A-77167 known. Regarding the glycoside residue - (G) _x , both monoglycosides (x = 1), in which a sugar residue is glycosidically linked to the fatty alcohol, and oligomeric glycosides with a degree of oligomerization x = 2 to 10 are suitable. As a rule, mixtures of mono- and oligoglycosides are present.

Are particularly suitable in the sense of the teaching of the present invention those alkyl glycosides (B) in which R is an alkyl group with 12 to 16 C atoms and (G) x a glycoside or oligoglycoside residue with one Degree of oligomerization x = 1 to 10. Are very particularly preferred Mixtures of glucoside and oligoglucosides with a medium oligo Degree of merization from 1 to 1.5.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the proportion of Alkyl glycoside 1 to 8 wt .-%.

According to the teaching of the present invention, component (C) is made from synthetic nonionic polymers are used. Under the loading Drawing "synthetic" is to be understood that it is purely syn is about aesthetic products. Products of purely natural origin or semi-synthetic products such as hydroxyethyl cellulose, methyl hydroxy propyl cellulose (e.g. "Methocel 65 HG") and the like fall accordingly not under this definition.

The choice of these synthetic nonionic polymers (C) is subject to no particular restrictions. Have been particularly suitable in the sense of the teaching according to the invention, however, those polymers (C) proven that contain nitrogen. In this context, again expressly clarified that the term "non-ionic" only such Po lymeren (C), which is neither permanent nor temporary cationic Have character.

Polymers with a permanent cationic character include those To understand polymers whose molecular structure is a poly meren part with permanent cationic centers, on the other hand corresponding counterions of anionic character. Under "permanent" is understood that the positive charges on the heteroatoms like Nitrogen is fixed over time. As a typical example the well-known quaternary ammonium salts are mentioned, in which  the nitrogen is linked to four organic residues. The positive The nitrogen charge is therefore permanent in nature and remains there for as long as possible obtained when the compound is not chemically modified, i.e. H. the Substi degree of nitrogen is changed by chemical reaction.

Based on the term "permanent" cationic polymer under a "temporary" cationic form of a nitrogen-containing poly meren to understand that the extent of positive charge of the stick atoms of matter in a simple manner, for example by adjusting the pH of the aqueous mixture, can be modified. Structurally, this makes it possible that the nitrogen atoms of the corresponding polymers only with three organic residues are linked. By setting an acid pH is then charged positively; this charge can be however, by changing the pH in the direction of an alkaline environment remove again without changing the structure of the polymer.

Have been particularly advantageous in the context of the present Er found those nitrogen-containing polymers (C), the out are selected from the group of

• C1) - polyvinylpyrrolidones,
• C2) - the copolymers of vinyl pyrrolidone with vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate, Vinyl alcohol as well as with acrylic or methacrylic acid esters.

Finally, such copolymers can also be used, which under Using more than two monomer units were made (C3).

Examples of commercially available polyvinylpyrrolidones of type (C1) are Luviskol K30 and K90, for copolymers of type (C2) Luviskol VA 37 and VA 64. Type (C3) includes, for example, Luviskol VAP, made of vinyl pyrrole don, vinyl acetate and vinyl propionate is produced.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the proportion of nonionic polymer 0.5 to 5 wt .-%.  

It should be noted that the advantages raised by the mixtures according to the invention can be achieved even without the presence additional auxiliaries can be achieved. For the wording in reini However, other components can also be added to and / or care products use that are common, as described below.

In addition to the anionic surfactants (A), the agents according to the invention can additionally 0.5-20% by weight, in particular 1-10% by weight, of ampholytic and / or zwitterionic surfactants.

Ampholytic surfactants are understood to mean those surface-active compounds which, in addition to a C ₈ -C ₁₈ -alkyl or -acyl group, contain at least one free amino group and at least one -COOH or -SO ₃ H group in the molecule and are capable of forming internal salts are. Examples of suitable ampholytic surfactants are N-alkylglycine, N-alkylpropionic acid, N-alkylaminobutyric acid, N-alkyliminodipropionic acid, N-hydroxyethyl-N-alkylamidopropylglycine, N-alkyltaurine, N-alkyl sarcosine, 2-alkylaminopropionic acid and alkylaminoacetic acid each with about 8 up to 18 carbon atoms in the alkyl group.

Zwitterionic surfactants are surface-active compounds that contain at least one quaternary ammonium group and at least one -COO ^(-) - or -SO ₃ ^(-) group in the molecule. Particularly suitable zwitterionic surfactants are the so-called betaines such as the N-alkyl-N, N-dimethylammonium glycinate, for example the cocoalkyl-dimethyl ammonium glycinate, N-acylaminopropyl-N, N-dimethylammonium glycinate, for example the cocoacylaminopropyl dimethylammonium glycinate, and 2 -Al kyl-3-carboxylmethyl-3-hydroxyethyl-imidazolines each having 8 to 18 carbon atoms in the alkyl or acyl group and the cocoacylaminoethyl hydroxyethylcarboxymethylglycinate.

The skin-protecting properties of the agents according to the invention come especially if they are formulated in such a way that they unite Have a pH value close to the skin's neutral point. Agents with pH Values in the range of 5.0-6.5 are preferred.  

The agents according to the invention can also inorganic electro lyt salts (E) included. All water-soluble alkali, Ammonium and alkaline earth salts, e.g. B. the fluorides, chlorides, bromides, sul fate, phosphates and nitrates and hydrogen carbonates, insofar as they are in one Amount of at least 1 wt .-% are soluble in water at 20 ° C. Prefers the chlorides or sulfates of an alkali metal, ammonium or of magnesium used; sodium chloride and Ma are particularly preferred magnesium chloride. The amount of the electrolyte salt is preferably 0.1 to 10% by weight.

The agents according to the invention can be used in a variety of cleaning agents and / or caring consumer products are used. These include for example cosmetic products such as hair shampoos, bubble baths, shower bathing, liquid soaps, rinsable hair aftertreatment agents such as hair conditioners, hair treatments and the like. They are particularly suitable for mild hair shampoos with improved fullness and manageability of the hair. However, the agents according to the invention can also be used in manual dishwashing find use.

In addition to surfactants or surfactant combinations, these products contain übli components such as emulsifiers, oil components, solubilizers, Thickeners, superfatting agents, biogenic agents, film formers, Fragrances, dyes, pearlescent agents, foam stabilizers, preserves agents and pH regulators. The agents according to the invention can therefore contain additional components and auxiliary materials, as they are from the state are known in the art. The most important are:

Nonionic surfactants / emulsifiers, e.g. B. ethylene oxide adducts with alcohols, Carboxylic acids, partial glycerides and sorbitan esters and z. B. fatty acid esters and sorbitan fatty acid esters (see, for example, W. Umbach [ed.], "Kosmetik - Development, production and use of cosmetic products ", pp. 86-87, Stuttgart 1988).

Oil components, e.g. B. substances such as paraffin oil, vegetable oils, fatty acid esters, squalane and 2-octyldodecanol; as fats and waxes, for example Whale, beeswax, montan wax, paraffin and cetyl stearyl alcohol.  

Solution brokers, e.g. B. low mono- or polyhydric alcohols such as etha nol, isopropanol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, glycerin, 1,3- Butylene glycol and diethylene glycol.

Thickeners, e.g. B. polysaccharides, especially xanthan gum, guar Gum, agar-agar, alginates and tyloses, as well as carboxymethyl cellulose and Hydroxyethylcellulose, also higher molecular weight polyethylene glycol mono- and - diesters of fatty acids, polyacrylates, polyvinyl alcohol.

Superfatting agents, e.g. B. polyethoxylated lanolin derivatives, Lecithinderi vate and fatty acid alkanolamides, the latter at the same time as Foam stabilizers are used.

Biogenic active ingredients such as plant extracts, protein breakdown products and vit amine complexes.

Humectants, e.g. B. glycerol, polyglycerols, sorbitol, 1,2-propanediol, 1,2,3-butanetriol, polyethylene glycols, glucose, mannitol, xylitol, Pyrollidone carboxylic acid salts (PCA), amino acids, lactic acid. Antimicrobial substances as preservatives, e.g. B. benzoic acid, Salicylic acid, sorbic acid, and their esters and salts, as well as those in the Annex to the cosmetics regulation listed substances.

Pearlescent agents such as glycol distearic acid ester, ethylene glycol distearate or Fatty acid monoglycol esters.

Fragrances, e.g. B. natural fragrances by distillation, Extrak tion or pressing can be obtained from plants and synthetically provided fragrances (see e.g. H. Aebi, E. Baumgartner, H. P. Fiedler, G. Ohloff, "Cosmetics, Fragrances and Food Additives", Stuttgart 1978).

Antioxidants, e.g. B. tocopherols, lecithin, guaiacol, butyl cresol, 4-Me thyl-2,6-di-tert-butyl-phenol (BHT), 4-methoxy-2 (3) tert-butylphenol (BHA).

Dyes such as z. B. from the dye commission of Deutsche For for cosmetics ("Colorants for Cosmetics "Communication 3, Wiesbaden 1968). The dyes are more common wise in concentrations of 0.001 to 0.1 wt .-%, based on the total Mixture used.

pH regulators: Further components of the agents according to the invention are ge if desired substances that adjust the pH of the agent to serve.  

The total amount of auxiliaries is 0-20% by weight, preferably 0-10 % By weight.

The alkyl glycoside is used to prepare the mixtures according to the invention (B) at 60 to 80 ° C to an aqueous phase containing the anionic surfactants (A) and the synthetic nonionic polymer (C) contains. This Wed are stirred and then reduced to normal temperature (20 to 40 ° C) chilled. Because of the water solubility of the alkyl glycosides, in particular those with alkyl radicals of 12 to 16 carbon atoms, the erfindungsge medium can also be produced advantageously by cold means. Here the components are put together in a simple manner at normal temperature touched.

The following examples serve to explain the invention and are not to be interpreted restrictively.  

Examples 1. General 1.1. Abbreviations

In the headers of Tables 1 to 5 are the examples with 61 to 65, the comparisons with V1 to V10 are identified.

1.2. Substances used 1.2.1. Surfactants

N25: aqueous solution of sodium lauryl ether sulfate; Active substance content: 28 % By weight ("Texapon® N25"; Henkel / Düsseldorf).

Dehyton K: Aqueous solution of a fatty acid amide derivative with betaine structure of the formula R-CONH- (CH ₂ ) ₃ -N⁺ (CH3) ₂ -CH ₂ -COO⁻; CTFA name: Cocamido propyl betaine; Active substance content: 30% by weight; NaCl content: 5% by weight (from Henkel / Düsseldorf).

AKYP: aqueous solution of an ether carboxylic acid salt of the formula C _12/14 - (O-CH ₂ -CH ₂ ) ₁₀ -OCH ₂ -COONa, active substance content: 22% by weight ("Aky po®-Soft 100 NV"; Chemy -Y).

APG600: C _12/14 fatty alcohol glucoside with a degree of oligomerization of 1.45 (from Henkel / Düsseldorf).

Texapon SB3: Aqueous solution of a sulfosuccinic acid semi-ester based of an alkyl polyglycol ether, di-Na salt, CTFA name: Disodiumlau reth, (C12, 12 (3 EO)) sulfosuccinates; Active substance content: 40% by weight (Texapon® SB3 "; from Henkel / Düsseldorf).

Texapon ASV: aqueous solution of special alkyl and alkyl ether sulfates, CTFA name: sodium laureth sulfate and magnesium laureth sulfate and sodium laureth-8-sulfate and magnesium laureth-8-sulfate and sodium oleate sulfate and magnesium oleate sulfate. AS content: 28% by weight ("Texapon® ASV "; Fa. Henkel / Düsseldorf).

Dehyton CB: fatty amine derivative with betaine structure; CTFA name: Coco- Betaine; Active substance content: 31% by weight; NaCl content 5% by weight (Hen kel / Düsseldorf).

Dehyton AB30: aqueous solution of a dimethyl cocoalkyl ammonium betaine; Ak Active substance content: 30% by weight ("Dehyton® AB30"; Henkel / Düsseldorf).  

Texapon K14S: aqueous solution of sodium lauryl myristyl ether sulfate; Active substance content: 28% by weight ("Texapon® K14S"; from Henkel / Düsseldorf).

Genamin DSAC: dimethyldistearylammonium chloride ("Genamin-DS-AC"; Fa. Maximum).

Dehyquart A: Aqueous solution of trimethylhexadecylammonium chloride; CTFA- Name: Cetrimonium Chloride; Active substance content: 25% by weight ("Dehy quart® A "; from Henkel / Düsseldorf).

1.2.2. Synthetic non-ionic polymers

PVP: polyvinylpyrrolidone ("Luviskol K30"; from BASF).

COPOLY-1: vinyl pyrrolidone / vinyl acetate copolymer ("Luviskol VA64"; Fa. BASF).

COPOLY-2: vinyl pyrrolidone / vinyl acetate / vinyl propionate copolymer ("Luviskol VAP 343 E "; from BASF).

1.2.3. Other substances

Nutrilan I: protein hydrolyzate; CTFA name: hydrolyzed-animal-colla gene ("Nutrilan® I"; Grünau / Illertissen).

Eucarol TA: (C _12/14 alcohol + 7 EO) monotartrate; Tartaric acid ester of an adduct of 7 moles of ethylene oxide with a C _12/14 fatty alcohol ("Eucarol TA"; from Auschem / Milan).

Lanette O: cetyl / stearyl alcohol [50:50] (Henkel / Düsseldorf).

Polymer W 37194: acrylamidopropyltrimethylammonium chloride / acrylic acid co polymer, d. H. a zwitterionic polymer (from Stockhausen).

2. Determination of dry combability

The combability test was carried out using the method according to J. Soc. Cosm. Chem. 1973 [24] 782 used as a basis.

Dry combing was done on brown hair (Alkinco # 6634, strand length 12 cm, strand mass 1 g) examined. It was easily featured damaged (bleached) hair, such as the average user that are to be expected. After the zero measurement, the strands were washed with 100 ml of the recipe to be tested. After 5 minutes of exposure, the Streak rinsed for 1 minute under running water (1 l / min, 38 ° C). The Streaks were then 12 hours at 30 ° C and a relative Air humidity of 20% dried and then measured again and that  Compare the result with the zero measurement. The results of dry combing Tests for availability are listed in Table 1.

Table 1 Dry combability ( ¹ )

Example B1 according to the invention has one in comparison to V1 and V2 significantly higher dry combability. Because TK is a measure of the hold of the B1 is an improvement in hairstyle hold is proven.

3. Determination of curl retention

A 15 cm long strand of hair (Alkinco 6634; strand weight: 2 g) was wound on a glass tube with an outer diameter of 1.7 cm, fixed and treated with 0.2 g of the formulation to be tested. The lock of hair was then rinsed with water and dried. The curl retention value is a measure of the stability of the curl obtained after pulling out the glass rod. The curl retention value (CR value) is defined as [(l-l _x ) / (ll _o )] _* 100%, where l is the length of the strand of hair (15 cm), l _o the length of the lock of hair immediately after drying and l _x the length of the lock of hair after 48 hours of storage in a drying cabinet under constant conditions (30 ° C, 40% relative humidity). The results of the measurements are summarized in Table 3.

Table 2 Curl holding power ( ¹ )

4. Electrostatic charge

To determine the electrostatic charge when combing, a Strands of hair hung inside a double Faraday cage. Between there was no conductive connection between the inner and outer cage. The outer The cage was connected to the zero potential (earth). A voltmeter measured Po potential differences between the inner and outer cage. Potential differences borders always arise when due to friction work during combing charges are pulled off the surfaces of the hair fibers and themselves collect on the comb surface. The electric field and the one in comparison streak charged opposite to the crest occurs with the inner fara day cage interacting. This charges on the inside based on (Influence). The charge shift towards the outside Cage was registered on the voltmeter and was a direct measure of that triboelectric charging of the combed strand of hair.

Table 3 Electrostatic charge ( ¹ )

Example B3 according to the invention shows one in comparison to V5 and V6 much lower value of the electrostatic charge. Lesser Values for EA mean a decreased tendency of the hair to each other repel and strive apart ("fly-away effect").

5. Determination of the foaming behavior

The foaming behavior of the cleaning agents was measured with a motorized Blow-foam apparatus determined based on DIN 53 902. To do this 340 ml of a solution prepared by diluting the aqueous Reini agent with tap water from Düsseldorf-Holthausen with 18 ° dH had been prepared so that they 2 wt .-% active substance of surfactants contained. The foam was at room temperature with a perforated plate (Boh Posts of 1 mm diameter, 10 beats at a frequency of 50 beats gen / min, 13 cm stroke); it was very fine-pored and therefore corresponded largely a foam that forms on the head when shampooing. The Measurements were made without grease contamination of the surfactant solution as a double determination carried out.

As a standard, the foaming behavior was known to be good foaming Mixture of

• (a) 42% by weight of Texapon N 25 (= 12% active substance),
• (b) 10% by weight of Dehyton K (= 3% active substance),
• (c) 1% by weight Comperlan LS (= 1% active substance) and
• (d) 47 weight percent water

certainly. This standard mixture was diluted with water and so too used in the form of a solution with 2 wt .-% active substance. There were measured the following amounts of foam:

• - after 1 minute: 240 ml
• - after 3 minutes: 210 ml
• - after 5 minutes: 190 ml.

Table 4 Relative amount of foam

Example B4 according to the invention shows one in comparison to V7 and V8 significantly higher amount of foam.

6. Skin tolerance tests

To determine the skin tolerance of the cleaning agents, the was developed by Zeidler and Reese developed the in vitro method used in the Journal medical cosmetology 13, 39-45 (1983) detailed Darge represents is. As a measure of the skin compatibility of the cleaning agents served to swell the pig epidermis. This was the required Epidermis obtained immediately after slaughtering young pigs and stored frozen.  

Die-cut epidermis strips measuring 1 cm × 6 were used cm immersed in a solution for 30 minutes, which was diluted by diluting the aq detergent with water had been prepared so that it Contained 2 wt .-% active substance of surfactants. The solution was at 39 ° C tempered and adjusted to pH = 6.5. Then after a short rinse and removing the adhering water by gently squeezing under defi conditions determined the weight of the swollen strips. On finally, the strips were dewatered over calcium chloride for 24 hours and weighed again. To eliminate influences on specific egg properties of the respective animal or the place of removal (back, side) a standard measurement was carried out. Doing so an immediately adjacent epidermis strip in the same way with what treated instead of the aqueous detergent.

The measured values t for the surfactant treatment and w for the treatment with Water result from the relationship:

The standardized, relative swelling change Q is finally defi niert as

Q = (t / w - 1) _* 100%

The Q value of the water-treated skin is therefore by definition 0%; no negative values indicate anti-swelling properties.

The results of the swelling measurements are summarized in Table 5 poses. It turned out that Example B5 according to the invention in Compared to V9 and V10 has improved source values.  

Table 5 Swelling measurements ( ¹ )

7. Examples of use

In the following examples, typical recipes based on Ba sis given the surface-active mixtures according to the invention. All % Figures are to be understood as% by weight of active substance. The difference 100% is water.

7.1. shampoo

12.0% N 25
3.0% Dehyton K
2.0% APG 600
0.5% PVP
0.3% polymer W 37194

7.2. shampoo

6.0% K 14S
3.0% AKYP
6.0% Eucarol TA
3.0% Dehyton CB
3.0% APG 600
0.7% polymer W 37194
1.5% COPOLY-1

7.3. shampoo

3.0% Texapon SB3
10.0% Texapon ASV
2.5% Dehyton AB 30
5.0% APG 600
2.0% COPOLY-2

7.4. Colorants

4.0% coconut chlorol
4.0% tallow fatty alcohol
4.0% N 25
1.0% APG 600
1.0% PVP
0.6% polymer W 37194
0-4% oxidation dye
0-4% direct hair dye

Claims (14)

1. Containing surface-active mixtures

• (A) 1 to 50% by weight of one or more anionic surfactants, the 1 or 2 lipophilic residues with 1 to 22 C atoms and a polar residue selected from the group consisting of carboxylate, sulfate or sulfonate residues and optionally a polyoxyalkylene residue contain an average degree of alkoxylation of 1 to 15,
• (B) 0.5 to 15% by weight of one or more alkyl glycosides of the general formula (I) R (G) _x (I) in which R is a linear, saturated alkyl radical having 12 to 22 C atoms and (G) _x is a glycoside or oligoglycoside residue with a degree of oligomerization x of 1 to 10,
• (C) 0.1 to 7% by weight of a synthetic nonionic polymer,
• (D) 28 to 98.4% by weight water,

with the proviso that the content of the mixtures in the sum of the com components (B) and (C) not greater than the content of component (A) is. 2. Surface-active mixtures according to claim 1, wherein the alkyl glycoside (B) is selected from the group of those compounds of the formula (I) in which R is a linear, saturated alkyl radical with 12 to 16 C atoms means. 3. Surface-active mixtures according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the syn aesthetic nonionic polymer (C) containing nitrogen. 4. Surface-active mixtures according to one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the synthetic nonionic polymer (C) is selected from the Group of polyvinylpyrrolidones or copolymers of vinylpyrrole idon with vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate, vinyl alcohol, acrylic or Methacrylic acid esters.   5. Surface-active mixtures according to one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the synthetic nonionic polymer (C) is a polyvinylpyrrolidone is. 6. Surface-active mixtures according to one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the proportion of anionic surfactants (A) is 4 to 30% by weight. 7. Surface-active mixtures according to one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the proportion of the alkyl glycoside (B) is 1 to 8% by weight. 8. Surface-active mixtures according to one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the proportion of the synthetic nonionic polymer (C) 0.5 to 5 % By weight. 9. Surface-active mixtures according to one of claims 1 to 8, the additionally 0.1 to 10% by weight of an inorganic electrolyte salt (E) contain. 10. Use of the surface-active mixtures according to one of the claims 1 to 9 in rinsable cosmetic formulations. 11. Use of the surface-active mixtures according to one of the claims 1 to 9 in cleaning cosmetic products such as hair shampoos, Foam baths, shower baths, liquid soaps and the like. 12. Use of the surface-active mixtures according to one of the claims 1 to 9 in nourishing cosmetic products such as hair rinses, hair cures and the like. 13. Use of the surface-active mixtures according to one of the claims 1 to 9 in detergents and cleaning agents.