DE4211821B3 - Low detonation-sensitive explosive ammunition element with novel transfer charge, transfer charge and its use for igniting low-sensitivity composite explosives - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to an explosive ammunition element with low detonation sensitivity, which consists of a jacket 1 containing a charge 2 of a low-sensitivity composite explosive and a transfer charge 3 for igniting the charge 2; the transfer charge 3 is a cylindrical shock wave generator 9 constructed of two explosives, which is in communication with a shock wave generator 8 for annular shock waves. The shock wave generator 9 consists of a central cylinder 11 of low explosive velocity composite explosive surrounded by a high detonation velocity composite explosive tube 12. One of the two base surfaces of the shockwave generator 9 is in contact with the charge 2, while the other base surface is in contact with the shockwave generator 8 in such a way that it can ignite only the peripheral tube 12 of the shockwave generator 9 directly. The invention further relates to the corresponding transfer charge 3 and to the method for triggering the detonation of low-sensitivity composite explosives from which e.g. the charge 2 consists, with this transfer charge 3 and a detonator.

Description

The The invention relates to the field of ammunition with reduced risks. In particular, it refers to a little detonation sensitive Explosive ammunition element with a novel transfer charge. The explosive ammunition elements according to the invention with low detonation sensitivity consist of a generally metallic Cloak, which is a charge of a low-sensitivity composite explosive and a transfer charge to the ignition contains this charge.

traditionally, Compound explosives are pyrotechnic compositions understood by pouring and subsequent Polymerization of a filled plastic binder can be obtained and from a charged polymeric solid, wherein the charge is powdered and in the main an explosive charge based on an organic Contains nitro compound, For example, hexogen, octogen and mixtures of these two explosives.

The Composite explosives and the manner of their preparation are, for example described in J. QUINCHON, les poudres, propergols et explosifs, volume 1: les explosifs, Technique et Documentation, 1982, pages 190-192.

in the Within the scope of the present invention are less sensitive Composite explosives understood such composite explosives, usually be referred to in the jargon as insensitive explosives and which have a insensitivity which is an index of detonation tendency (IAD) according to the detonation trend test using a brake medium (Card Gap Test) of less as about 90 cards according to the codified test, based on a Diameter of 40 mm, or less than about 70 mm polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) according to the codified test, based on a diameter of 75 mm, corresponds. These two codified tests of the card gap test are familiar to the expert. They are in particular in the publication "Recommandations pour le tansport der matieres dangereuses, 2nd edition, ST / SG / AC 10/11, Ref. 1, Publications of the UNO, New York, 1990 ". The monograph by J. QUINCHON cited above is further on pages 227 to 229 of the test, based on the diameter of 40 mm.

explosive ammunition may be dangerous, especially during storage or transport Influences like Inflammation, Push and Intrusion of fragments or bullets or the so-called detonation transmission through in close proximity subject to detonating ammunition. On the one hand, in general expressed with regard to explosive waxes, mixtures based on tolitol, such as hexolites, pentolites and octolites, as well as explosives with plastic binder, which are used pressed, the problems the inflammation as well as the ignition by fragments by using conventional Composite explosives are practically solved; on the other Side was the problem of detonation transmission and in particular the detonation sensitivity to detonation transmission in detonation of adjacent ammunition not yet in satisfactory Way solved.

The Use of composite explosives and especially low sensitivity Compound explosives containing as charge, for example, 5-oxo-3-nitro-1,2,4-triazole (ONTA), triaminotrinitrobenzene (TATE) or nitroguanidine, is well known.

These solution However, there are two major disadvantages. The first Disadvantage is that too a very insensitive explosive, like those mentioned above, under a corresponding influence a certain caliber can detonate. The second disadvantage is to see that the Detonation sensitivity in detonation transmission from in the immediate Neighborhood of detonating ammunition at explosive ammunition elements also depends on the detonation sensitivity of the transfer charge used for ignition. So have the low sensitivity composite explosives in general a higher one critical diameter, over 10 cm, and have a fairly long transitional area of Detonation when ignited with conventional ignition means. Such transition areas but are not acceptable, especially in the military Area. This problem of the transition area can by using a conventional transfer charge greater Dimensions for ignition unsolved be because the ammunition element then because of the size and the Detonationemp sensitivity of the transfer charge would be sensitive to detonation.

To the better understanding the task and the solution The present invention is still in this context to indicate that an ignition system generally composed of a detonator and one or more ignition charge transfer charges exists and that itself when, for example, during storage or during transport of an explosive munition the detonator and a transfer charge small size for reduction the detonation sensitivity of these ammunition are easily removed can, This is a significant limitation can be seen when it comes to transfer charges greater Dimensions are.

To explain the above-mentioned prior art is about FR 2 575 461 A1 to disclose where explosive compositions of low sensitivity to external influences are described, which are ignited with conventional transfer charges of large dimensions, which are sensitive to shock waves and thus detonation sensitive, such as transfer charges of pentolite.

From the pamphlets US 5 187 319 A and DE 691 06 994 T2 For example, there is known an explosive element for low detonation ammunition which consists of a charge of a low detonation compound composite explosive and an ignition relay for firing this charge, arranged in a generally metallic shell. The ignition relay in this known explosive element is a shock wave generator with an ignition amplifier which consists of a relatively detonation-sensitive explosive and generates plane waves upon ignition, by means of which the charge is ignited via the ignition amplifier.

In the publication of SOULETIS and GROUX "The Eighth Symposium on Detonation", July 15-19, 1985, Albuquerque, New Mexico, Conf. 850706, Volume 3, is further a shock wave generator made up of two explosives for generating of detonation shockwaves described, consisting of a central cylinder made of a composite explosive with high momentum, d. H. a potentially energetic composition, but with slower reaction kinetics, that exists with a peripheral tube made of a composite explosive with fast reaction kinetics is. The composition with high detonation speed becomes from a shockwave generator for annular shock waves ignited which in turn is from a conventional one Detonator detonated becomes. In this publication are investigations of the detonation properties the formed shockwave and their spread in the central explosive of two explosives built shockwave generator described.

For the expert Therefore, despite the above explained In the prior art, the problem is finding a satisfactory solution in particular, to reduce detonation sensitivity across from Detonation transfer from allowed in the vicinity of detonating ammunition at corresponding explosive ammunition elements, which consist of a generally metallic shell, which is a charge from a low-sensitivity composite explosive and a transfer charge to the ignition contains this charge. The present invention solves this problem for the first time.

Of the Invention is the surprising Statement that a Insensitive composite explosive with acceptable transition range (e.g. smaller than the diameter in the case of a cylinder) with a transfer charge with respect to usual transfer charges ignited smaller dimensions can be made of a shock wave generator constructed from two explosives for generating detonation shockwaves and a thus in Connecting shockwave generator for annular shock waves consisting of the total of explosive charge and transfer charge across from dangerous external influences lateral shockwaves, how this can happen in practice in ammunition storage, only is little sensitive to detonation. The constructed of two explosives Shockwave generator consists of a central cylinder made of a "slow" composite explosive, i. H. a composite explosive having a detonation velocity, the approximately in the range of 5000 to 7500 m / s, with a coaxial Surrounded by a "fast" composite explosive, correspondingly a detonation speed of more than 8000 m / s.

• – Der Möglichkeit der Zündung eines unempfindlichen Sprengstoffs, der die Ladung darstellt, mit einer Übertragungsladung kleinerer Abmessungen, deren Bestandteile weniger empfindlich sind als die üblicher Übertragungsladungen;
• – der Tatsache, daß der aus zwei Sprengstoffen aufgebaute Stoßwellenerzeuger nur dann eine starke Stoßwelle liefert, die entsprechend zur Zündung der geringempfindlichen Ladung in der Lage ist, wenn er selbst an seinem Ende korrekt gezündet wurde, nämlich mit einer ringförmigen Stoßwelle, und zwar lediglich im Bereich des ”schnellen” umgebenden Sprengstoffs. Im gegenteiligen Fall, beispielsweise bei seitlichem Angriff, tritt keine Zündung der Ladung ein, selbst wenn die Übertragungsladung dabei gezündet werden sollte. Es ist dabei gänzlich überraschend, daß die Detonation der Übertragungsladung nur dann eine Detonation der Ladung hervorruft, wenn diese Detonation der Übertragungsladung unter den oben im einzelnen angegebenen und erläuterten Zündbedingungen stattfindet.

The reduction in detonation sensitivity with respect to detonation transfer of nearby detonating ammunition, as compared to what is known in the art, is based on the following two unexpected findings on which the invention is based:

• The possibility of ignition of an insensitive explosive representing the charge, with a transfer charge of smaller dimensions, the components of which are less sensitive than the usual transfer charges;
• The fact that the shock wave generator constructed of two explosives only provides a strong shock wave capable of igniting the low - sensitive charge if it has been correctly ignited even at its end, namely with an annular shock wave, only in the Area of "fast" surrounding explosive. In the opposite case, for example, in a side attack, no ignition of the charge occurs, even if the transfer charge should be ignited thereby. It is quite surprising that the detonation of the transfer charge only causes a detonation of the charge, if this detonation of the transfer charge takes place under the firing conditions specified above and explained in detail.

The invention is accordingly an object of the invention to provide a novel explosive ammunition element having a novel transfer charge and against the vorbe Ammunition elements have a lower detonation sensitivity.

The Task becomes according to claim 1 solved. The under claims relate to advantageous embodiments the invention conception.

The Explosive ammunition element according to the invention consists of a preferably metallic shell, on the one hand a charge of a low-sensitivity composite explosive and on the other hand, a transfer charge to the ignition contains this charge, which is in contact with it. Depending on the relative position between transfer charge and charge, this contact may be more or less significant. The transfer charge can outside charge or entirely or partially within the cargo. Furthermore own the transfer charge and the charge is preferably the same axis.

The Invention is according to a Aspect characterized in that the transfer charge associated with ignition the charge serves as a cylindrical, made of two explosives Shockwave generator that's with a shockwave generator for producing annular shock waves communicates. This connection can be made, for example, by simple Contact or via a bond or by execution in the form of a multi-component block.

Of the consists of two explosives shock wave generator consists of a central cylinder of composite explosive with low detonation velocity, the surrounding with a surrounding pipe made of composite explosive high detonation speed is covered, with one of the two base areas of the cylindrical shock wave generator constructed of two explosives with the one to be ignited low-sensitive explosive is in contact while his other footprint with the shockwave generator for annular shock waves so in contact that this shock wave generator only the composite explosive with high detonation speed the peripheral tube of the constructed of two explosives shock wave generator to ignite directly can.

This can be achieved, for example, that a shock wave generator for annular shock waves used, consisting of a hollow conical cap made of explosives, preferably a composite explosive exists. The hollow part of the conical Cap may also be filled, for example, with an inert material. Therefor For example, an unfilled or charged polymer matrix used, for example, the matrix of the low-sensitive Composite explosive from which the charge is built up. Only the composite explosive with high detonation speed, from the peripheral tube of the constructed of two explosive shock wave generator exists, is located with the explosive of the shock wave generator for annular shock waves in the area of the base area the conical cap in contact while the central cylinder composite explosive with low detonation velocity the built of two explosives shock wave generator in turn with the hollow part of the shockwave generator for annular shock waves or filling this cavity inert material in contact. The peripheral tube of two Explosives constructed shockwave generator and the conical hollow cap of the shockwave generator for annular shockwaves advantageously have base areas of the same area.

The cylindrical shape of the constructed of two explosives shock wave generator as well as its central part made of composite explosives with lower Detonation speed can Of course even approximated available.

To a preferred embodiment is the thickness of the peripheral tube made of two explosives Shockwave generator smaller than the radius of its central cylinder.

To another preferred embodiment consists of the low-sensitivity composite explosive from which the charge is constructed of a loaded polyurethane matrix, the at least one of ONTA, TATE, nitroguanidine and mixtures thereof and preferably ONTA selected Contains explosive charge. The low-sensitivity composite explosive may also others Contain explosive charges, for example hexogen and / or octogen, and also fillers powdery Metals, for example of aluminum, and / or oxidizing fillers, for example, ammonium perchlorate.

The Polyurethane matrix can be treated with an energetic plasticizer at least one nitro group or at least one nitric acid ester group having plasticized, for example with nitroglycerin.

In a particularly preferred embodiment, the low detonation velocity composite explosive that is the central cylinder of the two-explosive shock wave generator is a low-sensitivity composite explosive according to the terminology discussed above. This composite explosive having a low detonation speed and low sensitivity is, in accordance with a very advantageous further embodiment, identical to the low-sensitivity composite explosive from which the ignitions dende charge is constructed.

Of the Composite explosive with high detonation velocity, from the the peripheral part of the constructed of two explosives shock wave generator is constructed, preferably consists of a polyurethane matrix, for example, by reacting a diisocyanate with a Polybutadiene with terminal Hydroxy groups is prepared, the hexogen and / or octogen as Contains charge.

To a further preferred embodiment is the explosive from which the hollow conical cap of the shock wave generator for annular shock waves constructed, a composite explosive of the same kind as the explosive, from the peripheral part of the constructed of two explosive shock wave generator exists, and it is even cheaper is when these two explosives are identical.

The Invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to the drawing, in an inventive explosive ammunition element with low detonation sensitivity schematically in cross section is shown.

The explosive ammunition element consists of a coat 1 made of metal, which has a steel cylindrical part of 12.5 mm thickness with an inner diameter of 90 mm and its front end 5 also made of steel of 12.5 mm thickness. This coat 1 encloses a charge 2 composite explosive having an index of detonation tendency of 25 cards according to the card-gap test coded according to a diameter of 40 mm and 40 mm polymethyl methacrylate according to the card gap test in codification with respect to a diameter of 75 mm. This composite explosive consists of 16% by mass of a polyurethane matrix made by reacting a hydroxy-terminated polybutadiene with isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) to 12% by mass of octogen and 72% by mass of ONTA. Its critical diameter without cladding is 65 to 70 mm.

This charge 2 has a length of 360 mm and a diameter of 90 mm. It is in contact with the front wall 5 of the coat 1 ,

One to ignite the charge 2 Serving transfer charge 3 is in contact with the surface 10 The charge arranged on the front 5 opposite side of the jacket 1 located.

This transfer charge 3 has axial symmetry, with its axis coinciding with the axis of the mantle 1 and the cargo 2 coincides. It consists of a shock wave generator constructed from two explosives 9 that with a shockwave generator 8th for annular shock waves in connection.

A shutter disc 4 made of a plastic material of 3 mm thickness and 90 mm diameter, which is provided with a concentric circular opening, allows the permanent centering of the transfer charge 3 in the coat 1 ,

This shutter disc 4 may also be made of metal or any other rigid material.

The by the area 10 the charge 2 , the transfer charge 3 , the shutter disc 4 and the cylindrical part of the jacket 1 limited free space is occupied by an inert material, preferably a damping material, which, in conjunction with the shutter disc 4 , the centering of the transfer charge 3 allowed. However, the free space can also be filled in the same way partially or completely by an insensitive composite explosive, preferably by the same explosive, which also the charge 2 which increases the energy density of the explosive ammunition element and the shutter disc 4 can be omitted.

The shock wave generator constructed of two explosives 9 , which has a diameter of 60 mm and a length of 100 mm, consists of a central cylinder 11 of 40 mm diameter made of the same composite explosive as it is in charge 2 is used, the detonation speed is 7450 m / s. The central cylinder 11 is from a perimeter pipe 12 a wall thickness of 10 mm from a composite explosive high detonation velocity surrounded, the detonation speed is 8350 m / s. The peripheral tube 12 consists of 14% by mass of a polyurethane matrix prepared by reacting a hydroxy-terminated polyether with isophorone diisocyanate and 86% by mass of octogen. This shock wave generator made of two explosives 9 is made in a conventional manner, as is familiar to those skilled in the art of casting molding of multi-component composite explosives.

The shockwave generator 8th for annular shock waves consists of a hollow conical cap 7 of 30 mm height, whose circular base is identical to the base of the peripheral tube 12 corresponds and is in contact with her. The hollow part 6 the conical cap is filled with an inert polyurethane binder. The pointed end of the conical cap 7 ends in a cylindrical part 13 of 3 mm thickness, in the circular opening of the shutter disc 4 is fitted. The conical cap 7 and her cylindrical part 13 consist of the same composite explosive as the peripheral tube 12 ,

example 1

It became an explosive ammunition element according to the invention of the above Construction made.

To ignite the charge 2 For example, a conventional high-voltage type detonator and a small transfer charge of hexocir of 4 g mass were used, which were arranged coaxially with the ammunition element at the level of the cylindrical part 13 with the shockwave generator 8th were in contact for annular shock waves.

It was a nominal detonation speed of 7450 m / s with a small transition region of less than 90 mm.

Example 2

It also became a stacked array of 9 explosive ammunition elements made, had the same structure as that described above Ammunition element. The arrangement consisted of three superimposed Rows of three ammunition elements, with each ammunition element separated by a distance of 25 mm from the neighboring elements was. Subsequently became one of the two outboard Ammunition elements of the lower row as in the above experiment described ignited. The investigation by ultrahigh speed cinematography and the visual examination of the fragments found in the terrain, that the normal, nominal detonation of this ammunition element no detonation the rest Ammunition elements evoked that scattered either as a whole with or without breakage of the jacket and with the entire charge or Part of the cargo or found scattered in large pieces were.

The fact of non-detonation by detonation transfer demonstrates the low detonation sensitivity of the explosive ammunition elements of the invention, despite the fact that these ammunition elements had a fragile composite explosive (index of detonation tendency 150 cards in the card-gap test) from which the conical cap 7 of the shockwave generator 8th for annular shock waves and the peripheral tube 12 of the shock wave generator constructed of two explosives 9 passed.

Around the cheap ones Properties and advantages of the ammunition elements according to the invention even better To demonstrate, the following three comparative experiments were performed, the Accordingly, not falling within the scope of the present invention.

Comparative experiment 1

An explosive ammunition element was produced which differed from the ammunition element according to the invention only in that the transfer charge 3 to ignite the charge 2 , with the same dimensions, was a conventional one-component transfer charge that consisted of the same composite explosive to the whole, from which also the peripheral tube 12 and the conical cap 7 were made.

Under These conditions became the desired nominal detonation velocity of the charge (7450 m / s) not reached.

Comparative experiment 2

It an explosive ammunition element was manufactured, which differs from the one produced in comparative experiment 1 only by that a transfer charge of larger diameter, 70 mm instead of 60 mm.

Under these conditions, the desired nominal detonation velocity of the charge 2 can not be achieved at all.

Comparative experiment 3

It an explosive ammunition element was manufactured, which differs from the ammunition elements of the comparative experiments 1 and 2 only thereby distinguished that a transfer charge with larger diameter, 76 mm instead of 60 mm or 70 mm, was used.

Under These conditions became a nominal detonation rate of 7450 m / s as in the case of the invention with a small transition area achieved of less than 90 mm.

Out the results of the experimental investigations given above are the unexpectedly cheap Features and advantages of the invention immediately vividly, since according to the invention a transfer charge smaller size (60 mm) the ignition allows the charge, which is not possible with a conventional transfer charge, At the same time, the ammunition is considerably less sensitive to detonation is, in particular with regard to detonation due to detonation transmission.

Example 3

A second explosive ammunition element according to the invention having a low detonation sensitivity was also produced in 10 copies. This ammunition element differed from the ammunition element of example 1 on the one hand by the arrangement of the transfer charge, which was partially, to a length of 50 mm, inside the charge 2 and on the other hand in the nature of the two composite explosives making up the shock wave generator constructed of two explosives 9 was made.

The central cylinder 11 was a composite explosive composed of 12% by mass of a polyurethane matrix made by reacting a hydroxy-terminated polyester with IPDI, 47% by mass of octogen, 30% by mass of ammonium perchlorate, and 11% by mass of lead nitrate. The nominal detonation speed was 7400 m / s. The peripheral tube 12 was a composite explosive consisting of 19% by mass of the same polyurethane matrix and 81% by mass of octogen. Its nominal detonation speed was 8100 m / s.

One of the ammunition elements was the ignition of the charge 2 with a conventional high-voltage type detonator and a small transfer charge of hexocir of 4 g mass coaxial with the ammunition element in contact with the shockwave generator 8th were arranged for annular shock waves.

It became a nominal detonation speed of 7440 m / s with low transition range achieved of less than 90 mm.

With the rest 9 ammunition elements was again produced a stack arrangement, the three superimposed Rows of three ammunition elements each, with each ammunition element separated from the neighboring elements by a gap of 25 mm was. Subsequently was one of the two outer ones Ammunition elements of the lower row ignited, as above in the ignition of the first ammunition element was described.

It the same findings were made and the same results achieved as in the case of Example 2, which shows that the under Nominal conditions occurred detonation of the ammunition element no Detonation of the rest Caused ammunition elements.

Claims (8)

Explosive ammunition element consisting of a sheath ( 1 ), preferably of metal, containing a charge ( 2 ) of a low-sensitivity composite explosive and a transfer charge ( 3 ) to ignite the charge ( 2 ), characterized in that - the transfer charge ( 3 ) a cylindrical shock wave generator constructed from two explosives ( 9 ), which - with a shock wave generator ( 8th ) is in communication for annular shock waves and - from a central cylinder ( 11 composite explosive having a low detonation velocity, which is connected to a circumferential tube (FIG. 12 ) consists of composite explosive of high detonation velocity, consists, and - one of the two bases of the cylindrical shock wave generator constructed of two explosives ( 9 ) in contact with the load ( 2 ), while its other base with the shock wave generator ( 8th ) is in contact for annular shock waves in such a way that the shock wave generator ( 8th ) only the peripheral tube ( 12 ) of high-explosive composite explosive of shockwave generator constructed of two explosives ( 9 ) can ignite directly. Explosives ammunition element according to claim 1, characterized in that the shockwave generator ( 8th ) for annular shock waves from a conical, hollow cap ( 7 ) consists of explosives, preferably a composite explosive, the base of which is constructed with the shock wave generator constructed of two explosives ( 9 ) is in contact so that only the peripheral tube ( 12 ) of the shockwave generator ( 9 ) ensures this contact. Explosive ammunition element according to claim 2, characterized in that the hollow part of the conical cap ( 7 ) is filled with an inert material. Explosive ammunition element according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the peripheral tube ( 12 ) and the conical cap ( 7 ) Have base areas of the same area. Explosive ammunition element according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the thickness of the peripheral tube ( 12 ) is smaller than the radius of the central cylinder ( 11 ). Explosive ammunition element according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the charge ( 2 ) forming low-sensitivity composite explosive consists of a charged polyurethane matrix containing at least one explosive charge, which is less than 5-oxo-3-nitro-1,2,4-triazole, triaminotrinitrobenzene, nitroguanidine and their Mixtures is selected. Explosives ammunition element according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the composite explosive low detonation velocity from which the central cylinder ( 11 ) constructed of two explosives shock wave generator ( 9 ) is a low-sensitivity composite explosive, preferably equal to the low-sensitivity composite explosive from which the charge ( 2 ) consists. Explosives ammunition element according to one of claims 2 to 7, characterized in that the composite explosive of high detonation velocity from which the peripheral tube ( 12 ) is equal to the explosive from which the hollow conical cap ( 7 ) of the shockwave generator ( 8th ) exists for annular shock waves.