DE42022C - Process and apparatus for the production of aluminum or other light metals from their double fluorine compounds and an alkali with the aid of an electric arc - Google Patents
Process and apparatus for the production of aluminum or other light metals from their double fluorine compounds and an alkali with the aid of an electric arcInfo
- Publication number
- DE42022C DE42022C DENDAT42022D DE42022DA DE42022C DE 42022 C DE42022 C DE 42022C DE NDAT42022 D DENDAT42022 D DE NDAT42022D DE 42022D A DE42022D A DE 42022DA DE 42022 C DE42022 C DE 42022C
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- aluminum
- alkali
- double fluorine
- production
- electric arc
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 15
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 15
- 150000002222 fluorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 title claims description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 8
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 7
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 4
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 title claims description 4
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 title claims description 3
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 title claims 2
- 229910001570 bauxite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052570 clay Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001105 regulatory Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium Chemical compound [Na] KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N AI2O3 Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PZZYQPZGQPZBDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aluminium silicate Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O PZZYQPZGQPZBDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- REHXRBDMVPYGJX-UHFFFAOYSA-H Sodium hexafluoroaluminate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].F[Al-3](F)(F)(F)(F)F REHXRBDMVPYGJX-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001311 chemical methods and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001610 cryolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003562 lightweight material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C3/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts
- C25C3/06—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts of aluminium
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Metals (AREA)
Description
■KAISERLICHES■ IMPERIAL
Diese Erfindung bezieht sich auf die Herstellung von Aluminium und anderen leichten Metallen aus Doppelfluoriden des bezüglichen Metalles und eines Alkali durch elektrischen Strom. Zur Herstellung speciell von Aluminium wird bei dem näher zu beschreibenden Verfahren eine Doppelfluorverbindung von Alumi-, nium und Natrium, und zwar entweder als der natürliche Kryolith oder als der hergestellte, im Handel vorkommende Stoff angewendet. . Die Verbindung der Masse mit Chloriden von Alkalien wird dabei ausdrücklich vermieden, da es nicht darauf ankommt, das Bad zu einem besseren elektrischen Leiter zu machen, vielmehr in dem Bade einen gewissen Widerstand aufrecht zu erhalten, der für den Erfolg des Verfahrens wesentlich ist. Eine äufsere Erhitzung des Gefäfses, um die Masse in dem-' selben flüssig zu erhalten, findet nicht statt. Die Zersetzung wird durch den zwischen den Elektroden entstehenden Lichtbogen bewirkt, der die Masse schmilzt; eine Trennung der Elektrode durch eine Scheidewand wird nicht vorgenommen, ebenso wenig wie nach den chemischen Vorgängen Vorkehrungen zur Abführung des Fluors getroffen werden brauchen. In gleicher Weise wird die Anwendung von Aluminiumsilicat oder eines Silicium enthaltenden Stoffes als Flufsmittel oder zur Bekleidung der Anode vermieden. Das nach dem Verfahren hergestellte Aluminium oder andere Leichtmetall sammelt sich in metallischen Kügelchen um die negative Elektrode an dem Boden des Bades, wodurch vermieden wird, dafs sich das freiwerdende Fluor mit dem Aluminium u. s. w. wieder verbindet.This invention relates to the manufacture of aluminum and other lightweight materials Metals from double fluorides of the metal in question and an alkali by electrical Current. For the production of aluminum in particular, the process to be described in more detail is used a double fluorine compound of aluminum, sodium and sodium, either as the natural cryolite or as the manufactured, commercially available substance. . the Connection of the mass with chlorides of alkalis is expressly avoided, since it doesn't matter to make the bathroom a better electrical conductor, rather, to maintain a certain resistance in the bath, which is necessary for success of the procedure is essential. External heating of the vessel in order to keep the mass in the- ' to get the same liquid does not take place. The decomposition is caused by the between the Electrodes causing an arc that melts the mass; a separation of Electrode through a septum is not made, any more than after the chemical processes precautions must be taken to discharge the fluorine. In the same way, the use of aluminum silicate or one containing silicon Avoid using the substance as a flux or for cladding the anode. That after the procedure Manufactured aluminum or other light metal collects in metallic spheres around the negative electrode at the bottom of the bath, which prevents it from becoming the released fluorine re-connects with the aluminum and so on.
Die Behandlung der Doppelfluorverbindung geschieht in einem Behälter, der zweckmäfsig mit Bauxit oder Thon ausgefüttert ist und in welchen die Kohlenelektroden (die negative durch den Boden) derart einmünden, dafs der Lichtbogen im Innern des Behälters entsteht. Die Elektroden sind durch Regulirvorrichtungen mit einer Dynamomaschine oder anderen Elektricitätsquelle verbunden; eine bestimmte Intensität und Quantität des Stromes ist für den Erfolg des Verfahrens wesentlich. Die zur Darstellung des Aluminiums in Anwendung kommende Doppelfluorverbindung von Aluminium· und Natrium mufs frei von Eisen, Schwefel und anderen bekannten, das Verfahren beeinträchtigenden Substanzen sein. Das getrocknete und calcinirte Material wird bis etwa auf Sandfeinheit gemahlen und in dem Kasten um die Elektroden herum gepackt. Nach Einschaltung des Stromes erhitzt sich die Masse allmälig und schmilzt endlich um den Lichtbogen herum, wobei eine Zersetzung der Doppelfluorverbindung in eine Abscheidung von metallischem Aluminium an der negativen Elektrode eintritt, während eine Doppelfluorverbindung von Natrium in der Masse verbleibt. Nach Ausschalten des elektrischen Stromes läfst man die Masse erkalten, zerkleinert sie und scheidet das metallische Aluminium ab, während das verbleibende Nebenproduct in den Handel gebracht oder wiederum in eine Doppelfluorverbindung von AluminiumThe treatment of the double fluorine compound takes place in a container which is expedient is lined with bauxite or clay and in which the carbon electrodes (the negative through the bottom) open in such a way that the arc is created inside the container. The electrodes are regulated by a dynamo machine or other source of electricity tied together; there is a certain intensity and quantity of the current for him Success of the procedure is essential. The one used to represent aluminum coming double fluorine compound of aluminum and sodium must be free of iron, Sulfur and other known process impairing substances. The dried one and calcined material is ground to about sand fineness and placed in the box packed around the electrodes. After switching on the current, the mass heats up gradually and finally melts around the arc, causing a decomposition of the Double fluorine compound in a deposit of metallic aluminum on the negative Electrode enters while a double fluorine compound of sodium remains in the mass. After switching off the electric current, the mass is allowed to cool down and crushed it and separates the metallic aluminum, while the remaining by-product placed on the market or turned into a double fluorine compound of aluminum
und Natrium durch Schmelzen mit Bauxit oder reiner Thonerde verwandelt werden kann.and sodium can be transformed by melting it with bauxite or pure clay.
Wird Bauxit oder Thon als Ausfütterung für den Behälter angewendet, so wird eine gewisse Menge der zur Bildung einer Doppelfluorverbindung von Aluminium und Natrium nothwendigen Thonerde durch das vorhandene freie Fluor aufgenommen, so dafs auf diese Weise die erforderliche Masse wieder gebildet wird, die ihrerseits zersetzt wird und metallisches Aluminium ergiebt.If bauxite or clay is used as a lining for the container, then a certain amount of Amount of that necessary for the formation of a double fluorine compound of aluminum and sodium Alumina is absorbed by the free fluorine present, so that in this way the required mass is formed again, which in turn is decomposed and yields metallic aluminum.
Auf beiliegender Zeichnung ist die Einrichtung des Apparates dargestellt, welcher zur Ausführung des beschriebenen Verfahrens dient.On the accompanying drawing, the device is shown, which is used for Execution of the method described is used.
Fig. ι ist eine Seitenansicht,Fig. Ι is a side view,
Fig. 2 eine Endansicht in theilweisem Schnitt des Apparates.Figure 2 is an end view in partial section of the apparatus.
Das Gestell A dient zum Tragen des mit Bauxit u. s. w. ausgefütterten Behälters B. Die Halter b der negativen Elektroden α sitzen auf einem in verticaler Richtung durch Schnecke und Schneckenrad verstellbaren Brett D. Der Strom von der Elektricitätsquelle geht zuerst durch die Widerstandsspule E, dann nach dem Schalter e, dem Indicator d, der Spule F und von hier zu dem bei k drehbar gelagerten Hebel G und dem Halter / der positiven Elektrode g. Der Halter f ist an einem Solenoid H befestigt, an dessen oberem Ende ein Rahmen oder eine Stange h angebracht ist, die einen Kolben i trägt, welcher sich in einem Cylinder J lose auf- und abbewegen kann. Der Cylinder ist an der Wand oder dem Gestell des Apparates befestigt und mit Wasser oder einer anderen Flüssigkeit gefüllt, in welche der Kolben eintaucht. Der Zweck dieser Anordnung ist, die Bewegung des Solenoides H und der damit verbundenen Elektrode g (wenn eine solche Bewegung überhaupt eintritt) zu verlangsamen; diese Wirkung wird durch das adjustirbare Gewicht j auf dem Hebel G unterstützt. Auf diese Weise kann ein gleichmäfsiger, ruhiger Lichtbogen erhalten werden; die Stromstärke wird so regulirt, dafs die Masse gerade noch flüssig erhalten wird. Ist die Zer setzung der Doppelfluorverbindung an einem Paar Elektroden beendet, so wird der Strom bei e unterbrochen und die Masse abkühlen gelassen, worauf sie zerkleinert und das metallische Aluminium u. s. w. davon getrennt werden kann.The frame A is used for supporting the bauxite, etc been fed container B. The bracket B of the negative electrodes α sit on an adjustable in a vertical direction through worm and worm wheel board D. The current from the Elektricitätsquelle first passes through the resistance coil E, then according to the Switch e, the indicator d, the coil F and from here to the lever G rotatably mounted at k and the holder / positive electrode g. The holder f is attached to a solenoid H , at the upper end of which a frame or rod h is attached which supports a piston i which can move up and down in a cylinder J loosely. The cylinder is attached to the wall or the frame of the apparatus and is filled with water or another liquid into which the piston is immersed. The purpose of this arrangement is to slow down the movement of the solenoid H and associated electrode g (if such movement occurs at all); this effect is supported by the adjustable weight j on the lever G. In this way a steady, calm arc can be obtained; the strength of the current is regulated in such a way that the mass is just kept liquid. When the decomposition of the double fluorine compound on a pair of electrodes has ended, the current is interrupted at e and the mass is allowed to cool, whereupon it can be crushed and the metallic aluminum, etc., can be separated from it.
Claims (2)
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DE42022C true DE42022C (en) |
Family
ID=317451
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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DENDAT42022D Expired - Lifetime DE42022C (en) | Process and apparatus for the production of aluminum or other light metals from their double fluorine compounds and an alkali with the aid of an electric arc |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
DE (1) | DE42022C (en) |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4332263A (en) * | 1980-05-12 | 1982-06-01 | Kitrell John V | Manicure easel |
US5072905A (en) * | 1990-09-21 | 1991-12-17 | Hyatt Robert G | Wrist and forearm support apparatus |
US5108057A (en) * | 1990-11-14 | 1992-04-28 | Dandy Iii Walter | Free sliding hand rest |
US5147090A (en) * | 1991-11-04 | 1992-09-15 | Sandra Mandell | Wrist and forearm support and rest apparatus for use with keyboards and the like |
US5158256A (en) * | 1989-11-15 | 1992-10-27 | Biomechanics Corporation Of America | Keyboard accessory |
US5407249A (en) * | 1990-10-15 | 1995-04-18 | Bonutti; Peter M. | Armrest assembly |
-
0
- DE DENDAT42022D patent/DE42022C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4332263A (en) * | 1980-05-12 | 1982-06-01 | Kitrell John V | Manicure easel |
US5158256A (en) * | 1989-11-15 | 1992-10-27 | Biomechanics Corporation Of America | Keyboard accessory |
US5072905A (en) * | 1990-09-21 | 1991-12-17 | Hyatt Robert G | Wrist and forearm support apparatus |
US5320317A (en) * | 1990-09-21 | 1994-06-14 | Hyatt Robert G | Wrist and forearm support apparatus |
US5407249A (en) * | 1990-10-15 | 1995-04-18 | Bonutti; Peter M. | Armrest assembly |
US5597208A (en) * | 1990-10-15 | 1997-01-28 | Bonutti; Peter M. | Armrest assembly |
US5746480A (en) * | 1990-10-15 | 1998-05-05 | Bonutti; Peter M. | Armrest assembly |
US5108057A (en) * | 1990-11-14 | 1992-04-28 | Dandy Iii Walter | Free sliding hand rest |
US5147090A (en) * | 1991-11-04 | 1992-09-15 | Sandra Mandell | Wrist and forearm support and rest apparatus for use with keyboards and the like |
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