DE4124537A1 - New DNA sequence increasing gene expression in plant cells - is fragment of maize sucrose synthase gene, effective in mono- and dicotyledons - Google Patents

New DNA sequence increasing gene expression in plant cells - is fragment of maize sucrose synthase gene, effective in mono- and dicotyledons

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DE4124537A1
DE4124537A1 DE19914124537 DE4124537A DE4124537A1 DE 4124537 A1 DE4124537 A1 DE 4124537A1 DE 19914124537 DE19914124537 DE 19914124537 DE 4124537 A DE4124537 A DE 4124537A DE 4124537 A1 DE4124537 A1 DE 4124537A1
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dna sequence
plant cells
gene
fragment
sucrose synthase
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Christoph Dipl Biol Mass
Wolfgang Dr Werr
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Bayer CropScience AG
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Hoechst AG
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    • C12NMICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N15/00Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
    • C12N15/09Recombinant DNA-technology
    • C12N15/63Introduction of foreign genetic material using vectors; Vectors; Use of hosts therefor; Regulation of expression
    • C12N15/79Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts
    • C12N15/82Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts for plant cells, e.g. plant artificial chromosomes (PACs)
    • C12N15/8216Methods for controlling, regulating or enhancing expression of transgenes in plant cells

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Abstract

The DNA sequence of formula (I) is new. CCCTCCCTCCCTCCTCCATTGGACT GCTTGCTCCCTGTTCCC (I) Also new are (1) a construct (A) consisting of (I) plus a 1.04 kb HincII-NcoI fragment (II) contg. intron 1 from the sucrose synthase gene (SSG) of Zea mays; (2) vectors contg. (I) or (A); and (3) plant cells, plants and their replicative materials transformed with these vectors. USE/ADVANTAGE - (I), a fragment from the 5'-untranslated region of the SSG of Z. mays, increases gene expression in plant cells (both mono- and di-cotyledons) at least 10 fold. In monocotyledonous cells, expression is further improved by using construct (A), i.e. by about 100 fold. Genes for which the expression can be improved are choramphenicol transacetylase, neomycin phosphotransferase; resistance genes; and genes for prodn. of protein active materials.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft die Verwendung einer DNA-Sequenz aus dem transkribierten, jedoch untranslatierten 5′-Bereich des Saccharosesynthase-Gens aus Zea mays L. zur Steigerung der Genexpressionen in Pflanzenzellen. Die Erfindung betrifft insbesondere eine 39 Basenpaare umfassende Nukleotid- Sequenz aus dem Exon 1 des genannten Gens, Position 4-42 (HincII-Schnittstelle), die im Sequenzprotokoll unter SEQ ID NO: 1 niedergelegt ist.The invention relates to the use of a DNA sequence from the transcribed, but untranslated 5 'region of the sucrose synthase gene from Zea mays L. to increase gene expression in plant cells. More particularly, the invention relates to a 39 base pair nucleotide sequence from exon 1 of said gene, position 4 - 42 (HincII site), which is set forth in the sequence listing under SEQ ID NO: 1 .

Das komplette Exon 1 des genannten Gens ist in W. Werr et al., EMBO J. 4 (1985) 1371-1380, insbes. Fig. 3C, beschrieben. Es wurde gefunden, daß die erfindungsgemäße DNA-Sequenz, gekoppelt an einen in Pflanzenzellen wirksamen Promotor und an ein in dieser Zelle zu experimierendes Gen, die Expression dieses Gens erheblich steigert, wobei in den untersuchten Fällen eine mindestens 10fache Steigerung der Protein- Expression festgestellt werden konnte. Diese Erhöhung der Genexpression wurde mit mono- und dicotyledonen Pflanzenzellen festgestellt.The complete exon 1 of said gene is described in W. Werr et al., EMBO J. 4 (1985) 1371-1380, especially Fig. 3C. It has been found that the DNA sequence according to the invention, coupled to a promoter effective in plant cells and to a gene to be expressed in this cell, considerably increases the expression of this gene, with at least a 10-fold increase in protein expression being found in the cases investigated could. This increase in gene expression was found with mono- and dicotyledonous plant cells.

Die Steigerung der Genexpression in monocotyledonen Pflanzenzellen läßt sich - unabhängig von der erfindungsgemäßen Steigerung - weiterhin wesentlich, d. h. in der gleichen Größenordnung, erhöhen, wenn man an die erfindungsgemäße DNA-Sequenz das im Genom sich anschließende 1,04 kb-große HincII-NcoI-Fragment mit dem Intron 1 aus dem Saccharosesynthase-Gen koppelt. Die Verwendung dieses Fragments zur Steigerung der Genexpression in Pflanzenzellen ist aus V. Vasil et al., Plant Physiol. 91 (1989) 1575-1579, insbes. Fig. 1, bekannt. Die Kombination mit der erfindungsgemäßen DNA-Sequenz ergibt überraschenderweise einen multiplikativen Effekt, d. h. also eine Steigerung der Genexpression um einen Faktor in der Größenordnung 100.The increase in gene expression in monocotyledonous plant cells can - regardless of the increase according to the invention - continue to increase substantially, ie in the same order of magnitude, if the DNA sequence according to the invention is followed by the 1.04 kb HincII-NcoI gene which adjoins the genome. Fragment with the intron 1 from the sucrose synthase gene coupled. The use of this fragment to increase gene expression in plant cells is known from V. Vasil et al., Plant Physiol. 91 (1989) 1575-1579, in particular Fig. 1, known. The combination with the DNA sequence according to the invention surprisingly results in a multiplicative effect, ie an increase in gene expression by a factor of the order of 100.

Die Kombination der beiden DNA-Sequenzen erscheint jedoch auf den Einsatz in monocotyledonen Pflanzen beschränkt zu sein, da die das Intron 1 enthaltende DNA-Sequenz bei dicotyledonen Pflanzen in den untersuchten Fällen einzeln oder in Kombination mit der erfindungsgemäßen DNA-Sequenz die Expression des daran gekoppelten Genes behindert. Dieser Effekt könnte auf ein unterschiedliches Spleißen in mono- und dicotyledonen Pflanzenzellen zurückzuführen sein, wie es bereits von B- Keith und N.-H. Chua, EMBO J. 5 (1986) 2419-2495 festgestellt wurde. Es zeigt sich also, daß die beiden Effekte über unterschiedliche Mechanismen wirken.However, the combination of the two DNA sequences appears to be limited to use in monocotyledonous plants, since the DNA sequence containing the intron 1 in dicotyledonous plants in the cases studied, individually or in combination with the DNA sequence according to the invention, the expression of the coupled thereto Genes obstructed. This effect could be due to differential splicing in mono- and dicotyledonous plant cells, as already described by B-Keith and N.-H. Chua, EMBO J. 5 (1986) 2419-2495. It turns out, then, that the two effects work through different mechanisms.

Bevorzugte erfindungsgemäße Genkonstruktionen und Vektoren enthalten als in Pflanzenzellen wirksame Promotoren vor allem den CaMV 35S oder den Saccharosesynthase-Promotor.Preferred gene constructions and vectors according to the invention contained as effective in plant cells promoters especially the CaMV 35S or the sucrose synthase promoter.

Im Anschluß an das zu experimierende Gen enthalten die bevorzugten Genkonstruktionen Polyadenylierungs-Regionen aus dem CaMV 35S- oder aus dem Octopinsynthase (OCS)-Gen (Hain et al., Mol. Gen. Genet. 199 (1985) 161-168).Following the gene to be experimented, the preferred gene constructs polyadenylation regions from the CaMV 35S or octopine synthase (OCS) gene (Hain et al., Mol. Gen. Genet. 199 (1985) 161-168).

Bei den der Erfindung zugundeliegenden Untersuchungen wurden als zu experimierende Gene die bekannten Markergene CAT (Chloramphenicol-Transacetylase) und NPTII (Neomycin- Phosphotransferase) eingesetzt. Selbstverständlich eignet sich die Erfindung auch für die Expression von anderen Genen, beispielsweise Resistenzgenen, wie sie u. a. aus den EP-A 02 57 542 und 02 75 957 bekannt sind, aber auch zur Herstellung von proteinogenen Wirkstoffen in Pflanzen (vgl. DD-A 12 65 164). In the case of the invention zugundeliegenden studies were the known marker genes as genes to be experimented CAT (chloramphenicol transacetylase) and NPTII (neomycin) Phosphotransferase). Of course it is suitable the invention also for the expression of others Genes, such as resistance genes, as u. a. from the EP-A 02 57 542 and 02 75 957 are known, but also for Production of proteinogenic agents in plants (see DD-A 12 65 164).  

Als monocotyledone Modellpflanzen dienten Mais und Reis, woraus die generelle Anwendung in Monocotyledonen ersichtlich ist. Als Modell für dicotyledone Pflanzen diente Tabak (Nicotiana tabaccum), wodurch die generelle Anwendbarkeit der erfindungsgemäßen DNA-Sequenz auch in dicotyledonen Pflanzen gezeigt ist.As monocotyledone model plants were used corn and rice, from which the general application in monocotyledons is apparent. As a model for dicotyledone plants served tobacco (Nicotiana tabaccum), causing the general Applicability of the DNA sequence according to the invention also in dicotyledonous plants is shown.

Selbstverständlich ist die Erfindung nicht auf die Anwendung der hier beschriebenen Einzelmerkmale und deren Kombinationen beschränkt. Wie der Fachmann weiß, können sowohl in der erfindungsgemäßen DNA-Sequenz gemäß SEQ ID NO: 1 als auch in der das genannte Intron-1 enthaltenden Sequenz Basenaustausche, Ergänzungen oder Deletionen von Basen vorgenommen werden, ohne daß die erfindungsgemäße Wirksamkeit erheblich verändert wird. Desgleichen können gleichwirkende DNA-Sequenzen aus anderen Spezies eingesetzt werden. Derartige Modifikationen sind dem Fachmann geläufig und ohne erfinderisches Zutun auffindbar und gehören deshalb ebenfalls zur Erfindung.Of course, the invention is not limited to the application of the individual features described herein and their combinations. As the person skilled in the art knows, base exchanges, additions or deletions of bases can be carried out both in the DNA sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 1 according to the invention and in the sequence containing said intron 1 without significantly altering the activity according to the invention. Likewise, equivalent DNA sequences from other species can be used. Such modifications are familiar to the person skilled in the art and can be found without inventive step and therefore also belong to the invention.

Die Erfindung bezieht sich weiterhin auf erfindungsgemäße transformierte Pflanzenzellen und daraus regenerierte Pflanzen sowie deren Vermehrungsgut.The invention further relates to inventive transformed plant cells and regenerated from them Plants and their propagation material.

In den folgenden Beispielen werden besonders bevorzugte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung näher beschrieben.In the following examples are particularly preferred Embodiments of the invention described in more detail.

Beispiel 1Example 1 PlasmidkonstruktionenPlasmid

Als Ausgangsmaterials diente das Plasmid pRT 101CAT (M. Pröls et al., Plant Cell Reports (1988) 7: 221-224), das in der Fig. 1 unter A wiedergegeben ist. Das darin enthaltene CAT-Gen ist handelsüblich (Pharmacia Inc., 1984, "Molecular Biologicals", S. 73). The starting material used was the plasmid pRT 101CAT (Pröls, M., et al., Plant Cell Reports (1988) 7: 221-224), which is shown in FIG . The CAT gene contained therein is commercially available (Pharmacia Inc., 1984, "Molecular Biologicals", p. 73).

In die SmaI-Schnittstelle dieses Plasmids wird die DNA- Sequenz gemäß SEQ ID NO: 1 ligiert, wodurch das Plasmid pRT-ex/s-CAT erhalten wird (Fig. 1, B). Durch die 3′-terminalen Cytosin-Reste in SEQ ID NO: 1 dargestellten DNA-Sequenz wird die SmaI-Schnittstelle in pRT101CAT wiederhergestellt.Into the SmaI site of this plasmid, the DNA sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 1 is ligated, whereby the plasmid pRT-ex / s-CAT is obtained ( FIG. 1, B). The DNA sequence represented by the 3 'terminal cytosine residues in SEQ ID NO: 1 restores the SmaI site in pRT101CAT.

Als Vergleichsplasmid wird pRT-int/s-CAT hergestellt (Fig. 1, C). Dazu wurde zuerst ein 2,26 Kb PstI/NcoI- Restriktionsfragment (Position -1180 bis +1088) aus einem 16,3 Kb genomischen Klon des Saccharosesynthase-Gens (Geiser et al., EMBO J. 1 (1982) 1455-1460) isoliert, überstehende Enden mit der Nuklease S1 abverdaut und in die SmaI-Schnittstelle des Plasmids pUC19 ligiert (Fig. 2 - "E" bedeutet "Exon"). Das so erhaltene Plasmid wurde als pSP1076+1084 bezeichnet. Nachfolgend wurde ein ca. 1080 Bp langes HincII-Restriktionsfragment (Saccharosesynthase- Sequenzen +43 bis +1084) aus dem Plasmid pSP1076+1084 isoliert und in die SmaI-Schnittstelle von pRT101CAT gemäß Fig. 1C eingesetzt.As a reference plasmid pRT-int / s-CAT is prepared ( Figure 1, C). To this end, a 2.26 Kb PstI / NcoI restriction fragment (position -1180 to +1088) from a 16.3 Kb genomic clone of the sucrose synthase gene was first isolated (Geiser et al., EMBO J. 1 (1982) 1455-1460). isolated, protruding ends digested with the nuclease S1 and ligated into the SmaI site of the plasmid pUC19 ( Figure 2 - "E" means "exon"). The resulting plasmid was named pSP1076 + 1084. Subsequently, an approximately 1080 bp HincII restriction fragment (sucrose synthase sequences +43 to +1084) was isolated from the plasmid pSP1076 + 1084 and inserted into the SmaI site of pRT101CAT according to FIG. 1C.

Beispiel 2example 2 Transformationtransformation

Die Herstellung der Protoplasten und deren Transfektion wurden entsprechend C. Maas und W. Werr, Plant Cell Reports (1989) 8: 148-151, durchgeführt. Die Bestimmung der CAT- Aktivität erfolgte ebenfalls wie in dieser Literaturstelle angegeben. Die folgende Tabelle zeigt die relativen CAT- Aktivitäten jeweils 40 Stunden nach Transfektion der Protoplasten, wobei die Aktivität der mit pRT 101CAT transfizierten Protoplasten gleich 1 gesetzt wurde.The production of the protoplasts and their transfection were according to C. Maas and W. Werr, Plant Cell Reports (1989) 8: 148-151. The determination of CAT Activity was also as in this reference specified. The following table shows the relative CAT Activities each 40 hours after transfection of the Protoplasts, with the activity of pRT 101CAT transfected protoplasts equal to 1.

Beispiel 3example 3 Plasmidkonstruktion mit dem Saccharosesynthase-Promotor und den NPTII-MarkergenPlasmid construction with the sucrose synthase promoter and the NPTII marker gene

Durch Deletion von Upstream-Sequenzen im bereits in Werr und Lörz, Mol. Gen. Genet. 203 (1986) 471-475, beschriebenen Plasmid pSP2014+42-NPT (pSKAN1) wurde das Plasmid pSP1176+42- NPT (Fig. 3, A) erhalten. Als Vergleich dazu diente das Plasmid pSP1176+1084-NPT (Fig. 3, B). Hierzu wurde das NPTII-Markergen inclusive NOS-Polyadenylierungsregion, wie schon in Werr und Lörz beschrieben, aus dem Plasmid pLGV 1103 (Hain et al., a. a. O.) als 2,3 Kb langes BclI/HindIII- Restriktionsfragment isoliert und in BamHI/HindIII gespaltenes pSP1176+1084 (Fig. 2) ligiert.By deletion of upstream sequences already in Werr and Lörz, Mol. Gen. Genet. 203 (1986) 471-475, described plasmid pSP2014 + 42-NPT (pSKAN1), the plasmid pSP1176 + 42-NPT ( Figure 3, A) was obtained. As a comparison, plasmid pSP1176 + 1084-NPT ( Figure 3, B) was used. For this purpose, the NPTII marker gene including NOS polyadenylation region, as already described in Werr and Lörz, was isolated from the plasmid pLGV 1103 (Hain et al., Loc. Cit.) As a 2.3 Kb BclI / HindIII restriction fragment and amplified in BamHI / HindIII digested pSP1176 + 1084 ( Figure 2).

Das Plasmid pSP20+42-NPT (Fig. 3, C) wurde ebenfalls durch Deletion von Upstream-Promotorsequenzen in pSP2014+42-NPT hergestellt. Als Vergleich dazu diente das Plamid pSP20+6-NPT (Fig. 3, D). Zur Herstellung von pSP20+6-NPT wurde das promotorlose Konstrukt pWW114-5NPT (Werr und Lörz, Fig. 3, E) benutzt. Das Saccharosesynthase 20+6 Promotorfragment wurde als synthetisches Oligonukleotid hergestellt und in die SmaI- Schnittstelle vor das NPTII-Markergen in pWW114-5NPT ligiert.The plasmid pSP20 + 42-NPT ( Figure 3, C) was also prepared by deleting upstream promoter sequences in pSP2014 + 42-NPT. As a comparison, the Plamid pSP20 + 6-NPT was used ( Figure 3, D). For the preparation of pSP20 + 6-NPT, the promoterless construct pWW114-5NPT (Werr and Lörz, Fig. 3, E) was used. The sucrose synthase 20 + 6 promoter fragment was prepared as a synthetic oligonucleotide and ligated into the SmaI site in front of the NPTII marker gene in pWW114-5NPT.

Beispiel 4example 4 Transformationtransformation

Die Herstellung der Protoplasten und deren Transfektion wurden entsprechend C. Maas und W. Werr, a. a. O., durchgeführt. Die Bestimmung der NPTII-Aktivität erfolgte wie in Reiss et al., Gene 30 (1984) 211-217, beschrieben. Die folgende Tabelle zeigt die relativen NPTII-Aktivitäten jeweils 5 Tage (120 Stunden) nach Transfektion der Protoplasten, wobei die relative Aktivität der mit pSP 1176+42-NPT transfizierten Protoplasten gleich 1 gesetzt wurde.The preparation of the protoplasts and their transfection were according to C. Maas and W. Werr, a. a. O., performed. The  Determination of NPTII activity was carried out as described in Reiss et al., Gene 30 (1984) 211-217. The following table shows the relative NPTII activities every 5 days (120 Hours) after transfection of the protoplasts, the relative activity of those transfected with pSP 1176 + 42-NPT Protoplasts equal to 1 were set.

MaisCorn pSP1176+42-NPTpSP1176 + 42 NPT 11 pSP1176+1084-NPTpSP1176 + 1084 NPT <10<10 pSP20+42-NPTpSP20 + 42 NPT 11 pSP20+6-NPTpSP20 + 6-NPT 0,10.1

Sequenzprotokoll:Sequence Listing:

SEQ ID NO: 1
Art der Sequenz: Nucleotid
Sequenzlänge: 39 Basenpaare
Strangform: Doppelstrang
Topologie: linear
Art des Moleküls: Genom-DNA
SEQ ID NO: 1
Type of sequence: nucleotide
Sequence length: 39 base pairs
Strand shape: double strand
Topology: linear
Type of molecule: genome DNA

Ursprüngliche Herkunft
Organismus: Mais (Zea mays, L.)
Original origin
Organism: maize (Zea mays, L.)

Unmittelbare experimentelle Herkunft:
synthetisch, entsprechend Exon 1, Position 4-42 (HincII-Schnittstelle), des Saccharosesynthase-Gens, zusätzlich CCC zur Wiederherstellung einer SmaI- Schnittstelle am 3′-Ende.
Immediate experimental origin:
synthetic, corresponding to exon 1 , position 4 - 42 (HincII-interface), of the sucrose synthase gene, additionally CCC for restoring a SmaI site at the 3'-end.

CCCTCCCTCC  CTCCTCCATT  GGACTGCTTG  CTCCCTGTTC  CCCCCTCCCTCC CTCCTCCATT GGACTGCTTG CTCCCTGTTC CC

Claims (10)

1. DNA-Sequenz gemäß SEQ ID NO: 1.1. DNA sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 1 . 2. Vector, enthaltend die DNA-Sequenz nach Anspruch 1.2. Vector containing the DNA sequence according to claim 1. 3. Vector nach Anspruch 2, enthaltend die DNA-Sequenz nach Anspruch 1, gekoppelt an einen in Pflanzenzellen wirksamen Promotor und an ein in dieser Zelle zu exprimierendes Gen.3. Vector according to claim 2, containing the DNA sequence according to Claim 1, coupled to an effective in plant cells Promoter and to a gene to be expressed in this cell. 4. DNA-Sequenz nach Anspruch 1, ligiert an das 1,04 kb- HincII-NcoI-Fragment mit dem Intron 1 aus dem Saccharosesynthese-Gen aus Zea mays L.4. DNA sequence according to claim 1, ligated to the 1.04 kb HincII-NcoI fragment with intron 1 from the Sucrose synthesis gene from Zea mays L. 5. Vector, enthaltend die DNA-Sequenz nach Anspruch 4.5. Vector containing the DNA sequence according to claim 4. 6. Vector nach Anspruch 5, enthaltend die DNA-Sequenz nach Anspruch 4, gekoppelt an einen in Pflanzenzellen wirksamen Promotor und an ein in dieser Zelle zu exprimierendes Gen.6. Vector according to claim 5, containing the DNA sequence according to Claim 4, coupled to an effective in plant cells Promoter and to a gene to be expressed in this cell. 7. Pflanzenzelle, transformiert mit einem Vector nach Anspruch 2 oder 3.7. Plant cell transformed with a Vector Claim 2 or 3. 8. Monocotyledone Pflanzenzelle, transformiert mit einem Vector nach Anspruch 2, 3, 5 oder 6.8. Monocotyledonous plant cell transformed with a Vector according to claim 2, 3, 5 or 6. 9. Pflanze und deren Vermehrungsgut, regeneriert aus einer Zelle nach Anspruch 7 oder 8.9. Plant and its propagation material, regenerated from one Cell according to claim 7 or 8. 10. Verwendung der DNA-Sequenzen nach Anspruch 1 und 4 zur Steigerung der Genexpression in Pflanzenzellen.10. Use of the DNA sequences according to claim 1 and 4 for Increase gene expression in plant cells.
DE19914124537 1990-07-31 1991-07-24 New DNA sequence increasing gene expression in plant cells - is fragment of maize sucrose synthase gene, effective in mono- and dicotyledons Withdrawn DE4124537A1 (en)

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4222407C1 (en) * 1992-07-08 1993-10-07 Max Planck Gesellschaft Modular promoter construct
WO1997032027A1 (en) * 1996-02-29 1997-09-04 Max-Planck-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften e.V., Berlin Sugarbeet storage-root-tissue-specific regulon
WO1998003637A1 (en) * 1996-07-19 1998-01-29 Arch Development Corporation Bacterial sucrose synthase compositions and methods of use
EP1149915A1 (en) * 2000-04-28 2001-10-31 Frommer, Wolf-Bernd Modification of gene expression in transgenic plants

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4222407C1 (en) * 1992-07-08 1993-10-07 Max Planck Gesellschaft Modular promoter construct
WO1997032027A1 (en) * 1996-02-29 1997-09-04 Max-Planck-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften e.V., Berlin Sugarbeet storage-root-tissue-specific regulon
US6248936B1 (en) 1996-02-29 2001-06-19 Max-Planck-Gesellschaft Zur Forderung Der Wissenschaften E.V. Sugarbeet storage-root-tissue-specific regulon
WO1998003637A1 (en) * 1996-07-19 1998-01-29 Arch Development Corporation Bacterial sucrose synthase compositions and methods of use
US6682918B1 (en) 1996-07-19 2004-01-27 Arch Development Corporation Bacterial sucrose synthase compositions and methods of use
EP1149915A1 (en) * 2000-04-28 2001-10-31 Frommer, Wolf-Bernd Modification of gene expression in transgenic plants
WO2001085963A2 (en) * 2000-04-28 2001-11-15 Frommer Wolf B Modification of gene expression in transgenic plants
WO2001085963A3 (en) * 2000-04-28 2002-03-21 Wolf B Frommer Modification of gene expression in transgenic plants

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