DE4120663A1 - Magnetic materials comprising spin-coupled hard and soft magnetic phases - Google Patents

Magnetic materials comprising spin-coupled hard and soft magnetic phases

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Publication number
DE4120663A1
DE4120663A1 DE19914120663 DE4120663A DE4120663A1 DE 4120663 A1 DE4120663 A1 DE 4120663A1 DE 19914120663 DE19914120663 DE 19914120663 DE 4120663 A DE4120663 A DE 4120663A DE 4120663 A1 DE4120663 A1 DE 4120663A1
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DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
phases
magnetic
atom
soft magnetic
magnetic phase
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
DE19914120663
Other languages
German (de)
Inventor
Hans Juergen Dr Richter
Ekkehard Dr Schwab
Helmut Dr Jakusch
Hartmut Dr Hibst
Werner Dr Grau
Eckhart Prof Dr Kneller
Reinhardt Hawig
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
BASF SE
Original Assignee
BASF SE
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE19914107499 external-priority patent/DE4107499A1/en
Application filed by BASF SE filed Critical BASF SE
Priority to DE19914120663 priority Critical patent/DE4120663A1/en
Priority to JP4504954A priority patent/JPH06505366A/en
Priority to DE59200858T priority patent/DE59200858D1/en
Priority to EP92905567A priority patent/EP0558691B1/en
Priority to PCT/EP1992/000433 priority patent/WO1992015995A1/en
Priority to AT92905567T priority patent/ATE114866T1/en
Publication of DE4120663A1 publication Critical patent/DE4120663A1/en
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
    • B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
    • B82Y25/00—Nanomagnetism, e.g. magnetoimpedance, anisotropic magnetoresistance, giant magnetoresistance or tunneling magnetoresistance
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
    • G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
    • G11B5/00—Recording by magnetisation or demagnetisation of a record carrier; Reproducing by magnetic means; Record carriers therefor
    • G11B5/62—Record carriers characterised by the selection of the material
    • G11B5/68—Record carriers characterised by the selection of the material comprising one or more layers of magnetisable material homogeneously mixed with a bonding agent
    • G11B5/70—Record carriers characterised by the selection of the material comprising one or more layers of magnetisable material homogeneously mixed with a bonding agent on a base layer
    • G11B5/706—Record carriers characterised by the selection of the material comprising one or more layers of magnetisable material homogeneously mixed with a bonding agent on a base layer characterised by the composition of the magnetic material
    • G11B5/70605—Record carriers characterised by the selection of the material comprising one or more layers of magnetisable material homogeneously mixed with a bonding agent on a base layer characterised by the composition of the magnetic material metals or alloys
    • G11B5/70615—Record carriers characterised by the selection of the material comprising one or more layers of magnetisable material homogeneously mixed with a bonding agent on a base layer characterised by the composition of the magnetic material metals or alloys containing Fe metal or alloys
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
    • H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
    • H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
    • H01F1/0302—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity characterised by unspecified or heterogeneous hardness or specially adapted for magnetic hardness transitions
    • H01F1/0306—Metals or alloys, e.g. LAVES phase alloys of the MgCu2-type
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
    • H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
    • H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
    • H01F1/032—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials
    • H01F1/04—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys
    • H01F1/047—Alloys characterised by their composition
    • H01F1/053—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals
    • H01F1/055—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5
    • H01F1/057—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B
    • H01F1/0571—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
    • H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
    • H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
    • H01F1/032—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials
    • H01F1/04—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys
    • H01F1/047—Alloys characterised by their composition
    • H01F1/053—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals
    • H01F1/055—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5
    • H01F1/057—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B
    • H01F1/0579—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B with exchange spin coupling between hard and soft nanophases, e.g. nanocomposite spring magnets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q17/00—Devices for absorbing waves radiated from an antenna; Combinations of such devices with active antenna elements or systems
    • H01Q17/004—Devices for absorbing waves radiated from an antenna; Combinations of such devices with active antenna elements or systems using non-directional dissipative particles, e.g. ferrite powders
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/02—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the magnetic material

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Nanotechnology (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Hard Magnetic Materials (AREA)
  • Soft Magnetic Materials (AREA)

Abstract

A magnetisable material consists of at least two ferro- and/or ferrimagnetic phases which are magnetically coupled to each other by magnetic exchange coupling. At least one of the phases is a hard magnetic phase and at least one of the phases is a soft magnetic phase. The vol. percentage of the soft magnetic phase is at least 30%. At least 65% of the original saturation remanence is obtd. again after prior magnetic saturation in a direction corresp. to the application of an opposite magnetic field which is the same as the coercive field strength of the magnetic material, and after removing the field. The saturation remanence is at least 50% of the saturation magnetisation. The material is mfd. by spraying a melt of rare earth metals, Fe, B, a transition metal and Si on to a rotating metal roll in an inert atmos., and annealing the flakes produced at 670-780 deg.C to give the desired ratio of hard- to soft magnetic phases. Pref. an alloy of compsn. RExFeyBzSiuTv is used as the magnetic material, where RE is one or more rare earth metals and/or Y, Zr and Hf, and T is one or more transition metal with a body-centred cubic structure, and where x is not greater than 10 atom %, y is not greater than 85 atom %, z is not greater than 25 atom %, u is not greater than 10 atom %, and v is not greater than 10 atom %. Up to 10 atom % Fe may be replaced by Ni and/or Co. The soft magnetic phases comprises alpha-Fe and Fe3B, and the hard magnetic phase comprises Nd2Fe14B.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine neue Kategorie ferromagneti­ scher Materialien, bestehend aus zwei Phasen mit Austausch­ kopplung, wobei das Komposit-Material sowohl eine hohe Sät­ tigungsmagnetisierung wie auch eine hohe Koerzitivfeldstärke besitzen kann sowie die Herstellung und Anwendung dieser Materialien gemäß der deutschen Anmeldung P 41 07 499.The invention relates to a new category of ferromagneti materials consisting of two phases with exchange coupling, the composite material being both high seed magnetization as well as a high coercive force can own as well as the production and application of these Materials according to German application P 41 07 499.

In dieser Anmeldung ist ein magnetisierbares aus zwei Phasen bestehendes ferromagnetisches Material beschrieben, das aus einer hartmagnetischen und einer weichmagnetischen Phase mit Austauschkopplung der Spins beider Phasen zusammenge­ setzt ist, wobei der Volumenanteil der weichmagnetischen Phase größer als der Anteil der hartmagnetischen Phase ist und wobei bei Anlegen eines magnetischen Feldes, welches etwa gleich der Koerzitivfeldstärke der hartmagnetischen Phase ist, nach Wegnehmen des Feldes praktisch die ursprüng­ liche Remanenz wieder erreicht wird, wobei µr größer 2,5 ist. Dabei besitzt die weichmagnetische Phase eine kubische Struktur; die Orientierung der hartmagnetischen Phase ist statistisch in bezug auf die Hauptrichtungen der weichma­ gnetischen Phase verteilt, wobei das magnetische Material ein isotropes Verhältnis von Remanenz zu Sättigungsmagneti­ sierung von vorzugsweise größer als 0,6 besitzt.In this application, a magnetizable ferromagnetic material consisting of two phases is described, which is composed of a hard magnetic and a soft magnetic phase with exchange coupling of the spins of both phases, the volume fraction of the soft magnetic phase being greater than the fraction of the hard magnetic phase and being applied of a magnetic field, which is approximately equal to the coercive field strength of the hard magnetic phase, after removal of the field practically the original remanence is reached again, where µ r is greater than 2.5. The soft magnetic phase has a cubic structure; the orientation of the hard magnetic phase is statistically distributed with respect to the main directions of the soft magnetic phase, the magnetic material having an isotropic remanence to saturation magnetization ratio of preferably greater than 0.6.

Weiterhin ist in der genannten Stammanmeldung eine Legierung aus RExFeyBzVuSiv beschrieben, wobei
RE = ein oder mehrere Elemente ausgewählt aus seltenen Er­ den (Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu) und/oder Y, Zr und Hf
und wobei
x nicht mehr als 8 Atom%
y nicht mehr als 85 Atom%
z nicht mehr als 25 Atom%
u nicht mehr als 6 Atom%
v nicht mehr als 2 Atom%
ist.Furthermore, an alloy of RE x Fe y B z V u Si v is described in the parent application mentioned, where
RE = one or more elements selected from rare earths (Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu) and / or Y, Zr and Hf
and where
x not more than 8 atomic%
y not more than 85 atomic%
z not more than 25 atomic%
u not more than 6 atomic%
v not more than 2 atomic%
is.

Eine derartige Schmelze, deren stöchiometrisches Verhältnis die Zusammensetzung des Endprodukts bestimmt, wird in einer Inertgasatmosphäre auf eine rotierende Metallwalze gespritzt und die entstehenden amorphen Flitter werden durch Tempern im Bereich von 670-780°C zu dem gewünschten Verhältnis von hartmagnetischer zu weichmagnetischer Phase gebracht. Dieses Material besitzt den oben genannten Austauschfeder- Mechanismus.Such a melt, its stoichiometric ratio the composition of the final product is determined in a Inert gas atmosphere sprayed onto a rotating metal roller and the resulting amorphous tinsel are tempered in the range of 670-780 ° C to the desired ratio brought from hard magnetic to soft magnetic phase. This material has the above-mentioned exchange spring Mechanism.

Zusätzlich wurde nun gefunden, daß ferromagnetische Mate­ rialien mit besonders typischem Austauschfeder-Mechanismus erhalten wurden, falls die weichmagnetische Phase und/oder die hartmagnetische Phase aus jeweils mindestens zwei Teil­ phasen besteht. Solche Materialien besitzen ein hohes iso­ tropes Remanenzverhältnis Mr größer 0,5 und einen besonders hohen Reversivilitätsgrad in Feldern unterhalb von MHc mit einem µr in der Größenordnung von 5, was bedeutet, daß bei Anlegen eines magnetischen Feldes, welches etwa gleich der Koerzitivfeldstärke der hartmagnetischen Phase ist, nach Wegnehmen des Feldes praktisch die ursprüngliche Remanenz wieder erreicht wird.In addition, it has now been found that ferromagnetic materials with a particularly typical exchange spring mechanism were obtained if the soft magnetic phase and / or the hard magnetic phase each consist of at least two partial phases. Such materials have a high isotropic remanence ratio M r greater than 0.5 and a particularly high degree of reversibility in fields below M H c with a µ r of the order of 5, which means that when a magnetic field is applied, which is approximately equal to Coercive field strength of the hard magnetic phase is, after removal of the field practically the original remanence is reached again.

Beispiel 1example 1

Eine ferromagnetische Legierung der Zusammensetzung Nd3.8 Fe77.2B19 wurde hergestellt (Legierung A), wie oben beschrie­ ben und zu der gewünschten Korngröße gemahlen. Anschließend wurde das Komposit zehn Minuten lang bei einer Temperatur von 675°C getempert. Die erreichte Koerzitivkraft betrug MHc = 160 kA/m. Durch kontinuierliche Beobachtung mittels Röntgenstrahlenstrukturanalysetechnik (DTXD = Dynamic Tempe­ rature X-Ray Diffraction) wurde festgestellt, daß die weich­ magnetische Phase zunächst aus Fe23B6 besteht und dann in Fe3B und α-Fe zerfällt.A ferromagnetic alloy of composition Nd 3.8 Fe 77.2 B 19 was produced (alloy A) as described above and ground to the desired grain size. The composite was then annealed at a temperature of 675 ° C for ten minutes. The coercive force reached was M H c = 160 kA / m. Through continuous observation using X-ray structure analysis technology (DTXD = Dynamic Temperature X-Ray Diffraction) it was found that the soft magnetic phase initially consists of Fe 23 B 6 and then breaks down into Fe 3 B and α-Fe.

Beispiel 2Example 2

Eine Legierung der Zusammensetzung Nd3.8Fe73.3B18.0Si1.0V3.9 (Legierung B) wurde hergestellt wie oben beschrieben und für 10 Minuten bei 675°C getempert.An alloy of the composition Nd 3.8 Fe 73.3 B 18.0 Si 1.0 V 3.9 (alloy B) was produced as described above and annealed at 675 ° C. for 10 minutes.

Durch DTXD-Technik wurde festgestellt, daß das Komposit aus 90% weichmagnetischer Phase und 10% hartmagnetischer Phase bestand. Die weichmagnetische Phase besteht aus den beiden Teilphasen Fe23B6 sowie Fe3B, die hartmagnetische Phase besteht aus Nd2Fe14B. Das Komposit hat eine Koerzi­ tivkraft von MHc=200 kA/m.DTXD technology found that the composite consisted of 90% soft magnetic phase and 10% hard magnetic phase. The soft magnetic phase consists of the two partial phases Fe 23 B 6 and Fe 3 B, the hard magnetic phase consists of Nd 2 Fe 14 B. The composite has a coercive force of M H c = 200 kA / m.

Beispiel 3Example 3

Eine Legierung der Zusammensetzung wie in Beispiel 2 wurde hergestellt und anschließend 10 Minuten bei 715°C getem­ pert. Diesmal besteht das Komposit aus 80% weichmagneti­ scher Phase, welche die Teilphasen Fe23B6 sowie Fe3B ent­ hält und 20% hartmagnetischer Phase (Nd2Fe14B). Die Koer­ zitivkraft beträgt 300 kA/m. Nach Anlegen eines Sättigungs­ feldes von 1200 kA/m wurde ein mR=MR/MS von 0,76 gemessen, der µr-Wert (µr1=1+M/H) betrug 5.An alloy of the composition as in Example 2 was produced and then tempered at 715 ° C. for 10 minutes. This time the composite consists of 80% soft magnetic phase, which contains the partial phases Fe 23 B 6 and Fe 3 B, and 20% hard magnetic phase (Nd 2 Fe 14 B). The coercive force is 300 kA / m. After applying a saturation field of 1200 kA / m, an m R = M R / M S of 0.76 was measured, the µ r value (µ r 1 = 1 + M / H) was 5.

Beispiel 4Example 4

Eine Zusammensetzung wie in Beispiel 2 wurde 10 Minuten bei 775°C getempert. Die weichmagnetische Phase besteht aus den Teilphasen α-Fe und Fe3B, die hartmagnetische Phase aus Nd2Fe14B. Die Koerzitivkraft beträgt 150 kA/m.A composition as in Example 2 was annealed at 775 ° C for 10 minutes. The soft magnetic phase consists of the partial phases α-Fe and Fe 3 B, the hard magnetic phase consists of Nd 2 Fe 14 B. The coercive force is 150 kA / m.

Claims (3)

1. Ferromagnetisches Material, zusammengesetzt aus einer hartmagnetischen und einer weichmagnetischen Phase mit Austauschkopplung der Spins beider Phasen nach der deut­ schen Anmeldung P 41 07 499, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die hartmagnetische Phase und/oder die weichmagneti­ sche Phase aus jeweils mindestens zwei Teilphasen besteht.1. Ferromagnetic material, composed of a hard magnetic and a soft magnetic phase with exchange coupling of the spins of both phases according to the German application P 41 07 499, characterized in that the hard magnetic phase and / or the soft magnetic phase consists of at least two partial phases. 2. Ferromagnetisches Material nach Anspruch 1, dadurch ge­ kennzeichnet, daß die weichmagnetisches Phase aus den Teilphasen α-Fe sowie Fe3B besteht und daß die hartma­ gnetische Phase die Zusammensetzung Nd2Fe14B hat.2. Ferromagnetic material according to claim 1, characterized in that the soft magnetic phase consists of the partial phases α-Fe and Fe 3 B and that the Hartma magnetic phase has the composition Nd 2 Fe 14 B. 3. Ferromagnetisches Material nach Anspruch 1, dadurch ge­ kennzeichnet, daß die weichmagnetische Phase aus den Teilphasen Fe23B6 und Fe3B besteht und daß die hartma­ gnetische Phase die Zusamensetzung Nd2Fe14B hat.3. Ferromagnetic material according to claim 1, characterized in that the soft magnetic phase consists of the partial phases Fe 23 B 6 and Fe 3 B and that the hartma magnetic phase has the composition Nd 2 Fe 14 B.
DE19914120663 1991-03-08 1991-06-22 Magnetic materials comprising spin-coupled hard and soft magnetic phases Ceased DE4120663A1 (en)

Priority Applications (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19914120663 DE4120663A1 (en) 1991-03-08 1991-06-22 Magnetic materials comprising spin-coupled hard and soft magnetic phases
JP4504954A JPH06505366A (en) 1991-03-08 1992-02-28 New categories of magnetic materials, their manufacturing methods and applications
DE59200858T DE59200858D1 (en) 1991-03-08 1992-02-28 A NEW CATEGORY OF MAGNETIC MATERIALS, THEIR PRODUCTION AND USE.
EP92905567A EP0558691B1 (en) 1991-03-08 1992-02-28 New category of magnetic materials, their production and use
PCT/EP1992/000433 WO1992015995A1 (en) 1991-03-08 1992-02-28 New category of magnetic materials, their production and use
AT92905567T ATE114866T1 (en) 1991-03-08 1992-02-28 A NEW CATEGORY OF MAGNETIC MATERIALS, THEIR PRODUCTION AND APPLICATION.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19914107499 DE4107499A1 (en) 1991-03-08 1991-03-08 New magnetic material based up coupled exchange of hard and soft materials - with alloy including rare earth materials and with remanence to saturation magnetisation of more than 0.6
DE19914120663 DE4120663A1 (en) 1991-03-08 1991-06-22 Magnetic materials comprising spin-coupled hard and soft magnetic phases

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
DE4120663A1 true DE4120663A1 (en) 1992-12-24

Family

ID=25901698

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
DE19914120663 Ceased DE4120663A1 (en) 1991-03-08 1991-06-22 Magnetic materials comprising spin-coupled hard and soft magnetic phases

Country Status (1)

Country Link
DE (1) DE4120663A1 (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115821173A (en) * 2022-11-30 2023-03-21 国网智能电网研究院有限公司 High-abundance rare earth element-based nano dual-phase composite material and preparation method thereof

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115821173A (en) * 2022-11-30 2023-03-21 国网智能电网研究院有限公司 High-abundance rare earth element-based nano dual-phase composite material and preparation method thereof

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