DE4108236C1 - Prodn. of highly accurate and/or polished surfaces - involves warming plastic component to plasticise and form it in press tool - Google Patents

Abstract

A process for producing a highly accurate surface structure and/or highly polished surfaces includes warming the plastic component to plastify it, forming it in a press tool, cooling to below the plastification temp. and allowing the plastic to solidify. The plastic is heated outside the press tool in a plastifying unit. The temp. is measured at various points. The pressed component is transferred using a transport unit. ADVANTAGE - The process is energy efficient and has a short prodn. period

Description

The invention relates to a method for producing a high-precision surface structures and / or high-gloss Flat, flat-shaped Plastic object from a plastic pressed material, esp. from a pressed material made of highly transparent plastic, the Pressed material plasticized by suitable heating and in thermoplastic state in a press tool to which the high-precision surface structures and / or high-gloss Plastic object having surfaces is molded, after which  a cooling of the plastic object under the Plasticization temperature takes place so that the plastic solidifies and the solidified plastic object is formed, as well as a device for producing a high-precision Surface structures and / or high-gloss surfaces having, flat-shaped molded plastic object a plastic material to be pressed, in particular from highly transparent Plastic with a press tool, in which the plasticized pressed material to the high-precision Surface structures and / or high-gloss surfaces having flat plastic object is formed.

Such a method and such a device are out known from DE 30 35 271, it being possible Plastic plate material by suitable heating plasticize and in a press tool to the corresponding Shape plastic object. That is usually in the Kind carried out that the material to be pressed into the plastic Press tool is introduced, after which the press tool is heated to the material to be pressed in the pressing tool plasticize. At the same time, the material to be pressed or then plasticized material to be pressed into the press tool appropriate pressure is applied to the plasticized material to be pressed to transform it into a plastic object. After that it will Press tool cooled while maintaining the pressure, so that the plastic object solidifies in the press tool. After that the molded plastic object can be opened Press tool can be removed from this. This well-known Procedure does not only require a significant one Energy requirement but above all for heating up and that Cooling the pressing tool takes a considerable amount of time, so that in this known method or in this known Device the cycle times for the production of high-precision Surface structures and / or high-gloss surfaces  having plastic objects, which are, for example Records to optically effective lenticular order Fresnel lenses or the like can be very large. It works however, the manufacturing cost of such Plastic objects disadvantageous. Therefore, too already suggested using this known method perform multi-day pressing tool to at least the Cycle times per manufactured plastic object accordingly to reduce the number of levels in the pressing tool.

PCT-WO 91/01 211 discloses a method and a device known what it is possible with, for example, plates or foils Plastic material outside a deformation device to plasticize through the appropriate action of heat, and that thermoplastic material then in the Deformation device, for example in a deep-drawing mold, to reshape. Even with the blowing method known per se the plastic material outside the deformation device plasticized. Neither the deep drawing process nor that However, blowing processes are suitable for high-precision Surface structures and / or high-gloss surfaces to have plastic objects.

For the economical and high quality production of high-precision surface structures and / or high-gloss Areas with flat, flat shapes Plastic objects such as B. of optically effective Light grids or Fresnel lenses made of PMMA or similar highly transparent plastic materials prove to be known pressing methods and devices as unsuitable because the heating and cooling of the press tool - as already has been mentioned - a considerable amount of energy and in particular. requires a considerable amount of time, or Plasticization of the plastic material to be pressed outside of the  Press tool in the known methods and devices is not enough to control and steer to that Introduce material to be pressed into the press tool without heat defects  can. Different temperatures are used under thermal defects Zones of the material to be pressed are understood to be optical differently acting zones on the high-precision Surface structures and / or high-gloss surfaces having a flat-shaped plastic object notice that streaks of tension through Refractive index changes, interference or other optical Inhomogeneities can occur through which the shaped Plastic object, for example in the form of a lens grid or a Fresnel lens made of PMMA or the like highly transparent plastic material becomes unusable.

The invention has for its object a method and to create a device of the type mentioned, wherein energy-saving and in comparatively short cycle times high-precision surface structures and / or high-gloss Plastic objects with surfaces with negligible small production committee are feasible.

According to the method, this object is achieved in that the Plastic material to be pressed outside of the pressing tool in one Plasticizer is heated to a temperature in which the plastic material to be pressed becomes thermoplastic, whereby the temperature for control and reproductive purposes different sections of the plasticizer is measured that the appropriately plasticized material to be pressed by means of a transport device from the Plasticizing device for downstream press tool is transferred in which the material to be pressed by suitable Cooling transferred to the thermoelastic temperature range is, the deformation of the plasticized pressed material for the molded plastic object takes place, the molded tool, still in Plastic object in thermoelastic condition  is cooled under pressure such that the molded Plastic object in a press tool downstream relaxation or post-forming device without Impairment of the high-precision surface structures in the If necessary, be reshaped in the thermoelastic area can.

The pressed material can e.g. B. in the thermoplastic state from a An extruder nozzle is ejected onto the transport device will. The die of the extruder is preferably as Wide slot nozzle designed. The extruder can fixed or movable with respect to the transport device be trained. The wall thickness of the die from the extruder plastic material to be delivered to the transport device is the relative speed between the Exit speed of the thermoplastic material to be pressed dependent on the nozzle and the transport device.

Instead of dispensing the material to be pressed from the nozzle Extruder, it is of course also possible that as Press a pre-made plate or film Plastic material is used, which in the Plasticizing device is plasticized. This results in independence from an extruder, so that Investment costs can be saved.

In the method according to the invention can be used as a transport device to transfer the appropriately plasticized pressed material from the Plasticizing device for pressing tool and for transfer the molded plastic object from the press tool to Relaxation or post-forming device an endless belt be used. This endless band is preferably around a highly polished endless steel band or the like  Instead of an endless band, it is for performing the inventive method also possible that as Transport device for transferring the appropriately plasticized Pressed goods from the plasticizing device to the pressing tool and for transferring the molded plastic object from Press tool for relaxation or post-forming device a Transport frame device with two compartments is used between the plasticizer, the press tool and the relaxation or post-forming device step by step between a first and a second operating position and can be pushed out that in one operating position one of the plasticizer compartments and the second Compartment is assigned to the press tool, while in the second Operating position the first compartment the press tool and that second compartment of the relaxation or post-forming device assigned. A transport device of the latter Kind with a transport frame device points towards one Transport device with an endless belt the advantage of that the heat loss is reduced and thus the energy requirement for Implementation of the method reduced in an advantageous manner is.

To carry out the method according to the invention, a effective on one side on the pressed material Plasticizing device can be used with a hot table the transport device to the heating table tight and is created on a large scale. This can be achieved, for example that a vacuum is applied to the heating table, by means of which the transport device to the heating table is sucked in. Likewise, it is possible that Magnetic transport device close to the heating table large-scale. Due to the narrow, large area of the Transport device to the heating table results in a good one  Heat conduction, d. H. good heat transfer from the heating table to the Transport device and from this to that on the Transport device located, to be plasticized material to be pressed.

An even more optimal use of the in the Plasticizing device used thermal energy results when the method according to the invention with a thermally effective on both sides of the pressed material Plasticizing device with one heating table and one Heating stamp is applied, the heating table and heating stamp to narrow and extensive inclusion of the plasticized Pressed goods can be placed against each other. Hot table and hot stamp are heated to the same temperature in order to Temperature stresses in the pressed material to be plasticized avoid.

To repeat the method according to the invention very precisely To be able to carry out, it is proposed that in Press tool for control and reproduction purposes Temperature during the forming of the plasticized material to the molded plastic object in different places is measured. It serves the same purpose if the too Control and reproduction purposes on various Sections of the plasticizer and / or on different places of the press tool measured Temperatures stored in a computer and / or on one display device connected to the computer. At This display device can be a monitor, a Act scoreboard or the like. In this way it is possible on finished plastic object possibly occurring Analyze and remedy production defects.

The plasticized material to be pressed is preferably in the pressing tool exactly in the finished molded plastic object  corresponding cavity formed between two rams pressed and cooled at the same time. As a result of in itself closed cavity in the press tool is by the Press tool on the plastic material to be molded applied pressure evenly distributed on all sides, so that by Manufacturing errors caused by pressure changes when manufacturing a high-precision surface structures and / or high-gloss Areas of plastic object can be avoided. This is not only due to the uniform Press force distribution during the pressing process for reshaping the plastic pressed material to the finished plastic object, but also in the same advantageous way through the Press tool uniform cooling of the molded Plastic object. After the press tool its Does not have to change the temperature, as in the known processes, is also the cycle time to carry out the pressing operation and the simultaneous cooling step comparatively small, what on the manufacturing costs of the with the invention Process manufactured plastic object positive affects.

The cavity corresponding to the molded plastic object in the press tool according to the invention Transport device and by one on a press ram provided between a press position and a Ejector adjustable frame is formed. Relatively short Cycle times are achieved when in the ejector position between the molded plastic object and the frame having ram a gaseous fluid is initiated, and the shaped, especially high-precision Plastic object with surface structures exactly and to avoid damage from the ram. The individual process steps of the inventive method run here clocked in an adapted manner, whereby in  comparatively short production times plastic objects with high-precision surface structures and / or high-gloss Areas can be produced reproducibly.

Unwanted warping, warping or other Shaping errors are avoided when performing the procedure of the invention is such that the molded plastic object on the relaxation or Postforming device a defined positive and / or negative pressure through which the plastic object is exposed is subjected to certain temporary curvature, through which in the thermoelastic condition of the plastic object possible mechanical stresses Counter voltages can be eliminated. Overall, with that Process according to the invention plastic objects made of PMMA or similar highly transparent plastic materials or Plastic objects from any other Plastic materials with high-precision surface structures and / or high-gloss surfaces, the Manufacturing costs with a minimal manufacturing scrap in Comparison to that for such plastic objects so far procedures used are relatively low.

The object underlying the invention will solved according to the device in that the pressing tool Plasticizing device for plasticizing the plastic Prepressed goods and that the press tool one Relaxation or post-forming device is subordinate to that to transport the thermoplastic material to be pressed Plasticizing device for pressing tool and in Press tool cooled to the thermoelastic state molded plastic object for relaxation or Post-forming device a transport device is provided, and that on the plasticizing device and / or on  Press tool spaced apart temperature sensors are provided for control and reproductive purposes connected to a computer with at least one Display device is connected. The computer can use the device according to the invention in turn interconnected, d. H. be fed back through him the various parameters of the device such as the various Temperatures, the transport speed of the Transport device, etc. can be controlled. The one with the Computer-connected display device is at least a monitor and at least one scoreboard corresponding measuring devices or the like

The pressing tool of the device according to the invention has preferably a lower and an upper stamp with Cooling devices are formed, and the Transport device preferably extends between the Lower and upper punches through the press tool, wherein the transport device in the open position of the Press tool has a distance from the lower punch. This prevents an undesirable heat flow from the transport to the lower stamp takes place after the Transport device itself on one of the plasticizing devices corresponding higher temperature than that too Press tool provided for cooling purposes or its lower and Upper stamp.

To the transport device in the open position of the Pressing tool suitable from its lower punch spaced apart, the transport device by means of a resilient guide device in the open Position of the pressing tool be spaced from the lower punch. If the pressing tool is closed, so that lower and Apply the upper stamp to the plasticized pressed material and that  Pressed material under pressure with simultaneous cooling to finish molded plastic object is deformed, so at the same time the resilient guide device moved accordingly in order to compensate so that the pressing process by the transport device in is not affected in any way.

It has proven to be advantageous if the upper stamp of the Press tool is formed with a frame which between a press position and an ejector position is adjustable, the frame, the upper stamp and the transport device in the pressing position of the press tool that the highly precise Surface structures and / or high-gloss surfaces having, flat-shaped plastic object corresponding mold volume limited. The transport device can have a high-gloss surface or mirror surface have and the upper stamp can with a negative the high-precision surface structure of the finished molded Plastic object having a press die. Of course it is also possible that Transport device with an appropriately structured Press die to be provided. This can be done at the Transport device can be formed directly, or on it lie loose.

In a device in which the upper stamp of Press die is provided with a frame, it is advantageous if the frame with a wraparound, through a shoulder limited recess is formed, the shoulder in the ejector position is against the molded plastic object and as a release or ejector for the molded Plastic object is used. Here, with the help of Ejector, in particular, ensures that the finished molded Plastic object at least along its on the ejector  adjacent peripheral edge of the upper punch of the press tool something is detached. To the finished one Plastic object then gently and therefore Preventing production committee from the upper stamp of the To be able to safely and reliably detach the pressing tool, without the high-precision surface structure of the It is damaging plastic objects advantageous if the frame is formed with a recess is in the ejector position between one Fluid channel in the upper stamp and the gap between the upper stamp and the at least partially from Upper stamp detached molded plastic object a fluidic connection for a under a certain pressure produces standing gaseous fluid. With help this gaseous fluid is then the most Upper stamp still at least partially adhered to the molded part Plastic object removed so gently that a Damage to the high-precision structured surface of the Plastic object is reliably avoided.

The frame provided on the upper stamp to limit the Mold volume is preferably by means of a drive device between the press position and the ejector position adjustable. This drive device can be a pneumatic, a hydraulic, a mechanical or an electric drive device or the like.

In the device according to the invention, the Transport device have an endless belt that extends from the plasticizing device through the pressing tool Relaxation or post-forming device and back to Plasticizer extends around two pulleys is deflected, one of which on the press tool opposite end section of the plasticizer and  which the second role on the facing away from the press tool End section of the relaxation or post-forming device is provided. Instead of an endless band where it are preferably a highly polished steel strip can, the transport device can Have transport frame device with two compartments that are provided with a bottom on the underside, for example one Mirror plate or a press die, the Transport frame in a guide device linear oscillating between two operating positions like this is adjustable that in one operating position first compartment of the plasticizing device and the second compartment the press tool, and in the second operating position first compartment of the pressing tool and the second compartment of the Relaxation or post-forming device is assigned. In the Transport frame equipment can use the two compartments be rigidly connected to one another or independent of one another. The formation of the transport frame device with each other Independently movable compartments have a special one Advantage on that with different transfer times between the different thermal states of the Plastic material (thermoplastic, thermoelastic) temporal optimizations are possible. The device with a such a transport frame device has the advantage that at the same time in each workstation, d. H. as well in the plasticizing device as well as in the pressing tool and in of the relaxation or post-forming device in each case appropriately shaped plastic part, d. H. Pressed goods or molded plastic object, which means that the Throughput or cycle time for the production of a fully formed Plastic object with high-precision structured Surfaces and / or highly polished surfaces are relatively low is.  

The plasticizing device can have at least one heating table have, on which the transport device is heat-transferring tight and fits over a large area. As stated above has been, the transport device by means of negative pressure or closely and extensively by magnetic forces Heating table. Optimal use of the Amount of energy or heat in the plasticizing device achieved when the hot table is heat-insulating and base suitably movably mounted to compensate for thermal expansion is, the heating table with spaced apart Temperature sensors is provided. With the help of this Temperature sensors - as has already been explained - the Temperature at spaced apart areas of the Plasticizing device measured and to control or Reproductive purposes stored in the memory of a computer or at least one display device that is connected to the computer connected.

A heat reflection device can be placed over the heating table be provided to the heat loss at the To keep plasticizing equipment as low as possible. At this heat reflection device is, for example an appropriately shaped infrared mirror. Instead of one Heat reflection device of the latter type or in It would be connected to such a heat reflection device also possible to apply an infrared heater to the Support plasticization of the pressed material.

Another embodiment of the device according to the invention is characterized in that the plasticizer over the heating table has a heating stamp between one on the pressed material located on the transport device overlying heating position and one of the pressed material distant rest position is adjustable. With such a  The heater can be heated to the same temperature to be heated like the hot table to during the Plasticizing the pressed material from plastic material Avoid heat differences on the finished molded Plastic object for thermal defects and thus for defects in the lead optical properties of the plastic object can, if the plastic object made of PMMA or a similar highly transparent plastic material for optical Applications such as Fresnel lenses or the like. is provided. Of course, if necessary, it is also possible Heating table and heating stamp to different temperatures heat.

Corresponding to the heating table of the plasticizing device is also the heating stamp of the plasticizing device preferably with spaced apart temperature sensors provided again for control or reproduction purposes with the said computer or be connected to a display device can.

A particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention Device results when the relaxation or Post-forming device one under the transport device storage table for a high-precision Surface structures and / or high-gloss surfaces having flat shaped plastic object and one provided above the transport device, in height has adjustable upper stamp, the tray table and / or the upper stamp with an overpressure or underpressure is applied to the plastic object immediately before the final solidification in the thermoelastic state re-form and thereby relax mechanically. With a such a device result in reproducible way with exact plastic objects  high-precision surface structures and / or high-gloss Surfaces.

In a device of the latter type, the Upper stamp preferably formed with a suction chamber is limited by a sealing element which on Plastic object can be brought to the plant. The suction chamber can be equipped with at least one touch sensor. If the comes in the upper stamp of relaxation or Postforming device arched into the suction chamber and this plastic object with mechanical relaxation the touch sensor in contact, so with the help of Touch sensor that is fluidly connected to the suction chamber Vacuum source switched off, so that just about thermoelastic and therefore still deformable, a certain Plastic object with residual elasticity for Support table of the relaxation or post-forming device is arched back and immediately afterwards mechanically relaxed, hard elastic state. The same purpose d. H. precisely defined mechanically relaxed to solidify serves it when the suction space is arched with a predetermined Is formed inner contour to which the shaped Plastic object immediately before its transition into the hard elastic state can be sucked. During the Sucking the plastic object into the suction chamber or its inner contour is especially when using a Transport device with a transport frame device Transport device back to the starting position in which the first compartment of the Plasticizer and the second compartment of the press tool assigned.

More details, features and advantages of the inventive method or the inventive  Device result from the following description of in the drawing embodiments of the device according to the invention. It shows:

Fig. 1 is a partially cutaway side view of a first embodiment of the apparatus for producing a high precision surface structures and / or high-gloss surfaces having planar molded plastic article,

Fig. 2 is a of FIG. 1 similar representation of a second embodiment of the apparatus,

Fig. 3 is an enlarged view of detail III in Fig. 1, from which esp. An embodiment of the plasticizing device of the apparatus is visible,

Fig. 4 is a FIG. 3 similar view of a detail IV in FIG. 2, from which a second embodiment of the plasticizing device is seen with its essential details,

Fig. 5 shows a detail of the die in the open position with a line extending through the press tool transport means which includes a frame with compartments,

Fig. 6 is a partially sectional view of the press tool according to Fig. 5, where in contrast to the marked in Fig. 5 drawn open position, the pressing tool in Fig. 6 in the closed, ie, the plasticized material to be pressed and pressing reshaping Abkühlstellung,

Fig. 7 is a view of the detail VII in FIG. 1 or in Fig. 2 to illustrate the relaxation or Nachformeinrichtung of the device, wherein one half of two mutually different embodiments is illustrated the relaxation or Nachformeinrichtung,

FIGS. 8a-8p the successive steps for producing a high precision surface structures and / or high-gloss surfaces having planar molded plastic article made of a suitable material to be pressed, in each case the plasticizing device, the pressing tool and the relaxation or Nachformeinrichtung as well as the transport device each in the in the various drawing figures Position are drawn, and

Fig. 9 with graph showing the relationship between the various states of the plastic material and its temperature.

Fig. 1 shows an apparatus 10 for producing a high precision surface structures and / or high-gloss surfaces having planar molded plastic article, wherein the device 10 has a press tool 12, a plasticizing device 14, a decompression or Nachformeinrichtung 16 and a transport device 18 extending from the plasticizing device 14 through the pressing tool 12 to the relaxation or post-forming device 16 and from this back to the plasticizing device 14 . The transport device 18 has an endless belt 20 which is, for example, in the form of a highly polished steel belt and which is deflected around two deflection rollers 22 and 24 . The deflection roller 22 is rotatably mounted on the side of the plasticizing device 14 facing away from the pressing tool 12 , and the deflecting roller 24 is rotatably mounted on the end section of the relaxation or post-forming device 16 facing away from the pressing tool 12 . A drive device 26 serves to drive the deflection roller 24 and thus to advance the transport device 18 from the plasticizing device 14 to the pressing tool 12 and from there to the relaxation or re-forming device 16 and back to the plasticizing device 14 .

An extruder 28 with a slot die 30 is provided to apply a pressed material 32 made of plastic material, preferably a pressed material 32 made of PMMA or a similar highly transparent plastic material, to the transport device 18 , ie to the endless belt 20 of the transport device 18 . During this application, the band 20 moves in the direction of the pressing tool 12 at a certain feed rate, so that the material to be pressed 32 moves along the plasticizing device 14 to the pressing tool 12 . At the plasticizing device 14 , the belt 20 is heated in such a way that a precisely defined temperature distribution of the plasticized pressed material 32 on the belt 20 is maintained.

The plasticizer 14 is described in greater detail below in connection with FIG. 3. At this point, it should only be expressed that the plasticizing device 14 has a heating table 34 which is arranged on a base 36 in a heat-insulating manner. The endless belt 20 of the transport device 18 is located on the heating table 34 to narrow and flat, so that the heat of the hot stage 34 is transferred in a targeted and defined through the endless belt 20 of the transport device 18 for pressing material 32nd

When the appropriate quantity of plastic material to be pressed 32 has been dispensed from the slot die 30 of the extruder 28 , the slot die 30 is automatically closed and the extruder 28 is pivoted away from the plasticizing device 14 about a bearing axis 38 in the direction of the curved arrow 40 . For this purpose, a drive device 44 is provided on a stand 42 , which is articulated on the extruder 28 at a distance from the bearing axis 38 between the extruder 28 and the stand 42 . The extruder 28 is then moved back to its starting position.

The pressing tool 12 has a lower punch 46 and an upper punch 48 , both the lower punch 46 and the upper punch 48 being provided with cooling devices 50 . The pressing tool 12 is described in greater detail below in connection with FIGS. 5 and 6. According to the invention, the pressing tool 12 serves not only for reshaping the plasticized pressing material 32 but also for cooling the pressing material 32 below the plasticizing temperature into the thermoelastic range, so that the molded plastic object with highly precise surface structures and / or high-gloss surfaces is created in the pressing tool 12 .

In Fig. 1 a pressing tool 12 is shown, in which the upper punch is provided with a corresponding die 52 for forming the high-precision surface structures, while the endless band 20 as a highly polished steel band forms a so-called mirror surface, which then forms a high-gloss surface on the pressed plastic object .

While the plasticizing device 14 is thus provided upstream in front of the pressing tool 12 in the feed direction of the transport device 18 or the endless belt 20 , the expansion or post-forming device 16 is downstream in the feed direction of the transport device 18 or the endless belt 20 of the transport device 18 after the pressing tool 12 arranged. The relaxation or post-forming device, which is described in more detail below in connection with FIG. 7, has a storage table 54 for a fully formed, mechanically relaxed, solidified plastic object and an upper punch 56 with a suction space 58 . A drive device 60 of the relaxation or post-forming device 16 serves to adjust the upper punch 56 between an open position (drawn in the right half) and a closed suction or active operating position drawn on the left side.

FIG. 2 shows an embodiment of the device 10 , which differs from the embodiment of the device 10 shown in FIG. 1 in particular in that the transport device 18 is not provided with an endless belt 20 deflected by two deflection rollers 22 , 24 (see FIG. 1) is formed, but with a transport frame device 66 having two compartments 62 , 64 , which is guided in a guide device 68 linearly to be pushed back and forth between a first and a second operating position. Such a transport device 18 with transport frame device 66 and linear guide device 68 is described in more detail below in connection with FIGS . 8a to 8p. Moreover, the device 10 2 is shown in FIG. Formed similarly to the position shown in Fig. 1 embodiment of apparatus 10, so that it is unnecessary to enter once more in detail to all these already in connection with Fig. 1 and described details of the apparatus 10. In FIG. 2, the same details as in FIG. 1 are denoted by the same reference numerals as in FIG. 1.

FIG. 3 shows on a larger scale in a sectional view the plasticizing device 14 of the device 10 according to FIG. 1 with the heating table 34 . With the reference numeral 20 corresponding sections of the endless belt of the transport device 18 are designated, the pulling strand of the endless belt 20 rests closely and extensively on the heating table 34 , so that the amount of heat given in the heating table 34 via the endless belt 20 is precisely defined on the plastic material to be pressed 32 is transmitted. The reference numeral 30 in this figure also designates the slot die of the extruder 28 indicated in sections, from which the pressed material 32 is transferred to the endless belt 20 .

The heating table 34 is formed with continuous suction channels 70 , to which a vacuum can be applied in order to fit the endless belt 20 of the transport device 18 tightly and over a large area to the heating table 34 . The heating table 34 is equipped with temperature sensors 72 which are spaced apart from one another and which are connected to a computer indicated by a block 74 for control or reproduction purposes. At least one display device 76 is connected to the computer 74 , which is also only indicated as a block and which can be, for example, a monitor or a display board.

The reference number 78 designates heating channels formed in the heating table 34 , through which, for example, a correspondingly heated fluid is passed in order to heat the heating table 34 to a suitable plasticizing temperature. Of course, it would also be possible to provide an electrical heating element in the heating channels 78 in order to heat the heating table 34 appropriately.

The heating table 34 is supported by means of support elements 80 in a heat-insulating manner in associated support pots 82 which are provided on the base 36 . The support elements 80 and the associated support pots 82 are designed in such a way that a change in length of the heating table 34 due to thermal expansion relative to the base 36 can be easily compensated for. The formation of the plasticizing device 14 with the support elements 80 and the associated support pots 82 results in excellent thermal insulation of the heating table 34 against the base 36 of the plasticizing device 14 .

Fig. 4 shows an embodiment of the plasticizing device 14 , which differs from the embodiment of the plasticizing device 14 shown in Fig. 3 in particular in that not only a heating table 34 but also a heating stamp 84 is provided above the heating table 34 , which is provided by means of a Drive device 86, indicated in sections, can be adjusted between a rest position (as shown on the right-hand side), which is distant from the material to be pressed 32 , and a heating position, as shown on the left-hand side in this figure, on the material to be pressed 32 on the transport device 18 . Like the heating table 34, the heating stamp 84 is designed with suction channels 70 , with heating channels 78 and with temperature sensors 72 spaced apart from one another. The suction channels 70 are fluidly connected to connection fittings 88 for a vacuum source. The temperature sensors 72 of the heating punch 84 are of the hot stage is electrically conductively connected to the computer 72 34 74 (sh. Fig. 3) as the temperature sensors. In FIG. 4, the computer and the at least one electrically connected to the computer display device of simplicity has been omitted to the schematic illustration, FIG.

FIG. 4 also shows that the transport device 18 shown there differs from the transport device 18 shown in FIG. 3. While an endless belt 20 is shown in sections in FIG. 3, FIG. 4 shows a transport device 18 with a transport frame device 66 , by means of which two compartments 62 and 64 are fixed. Each compartment 62 , 64 is delimited on the underside by a mirror plate 90 or press die, on which the material to be pressed 32 rests. Moreover, the plasticizing device 14 is shown in FIG 4. Formed similarly to the position shown in Fig. 3 plasticizing device 14, so that it is unnecessary, all the details of the plasticizing device 14 of FIG. 4 to be described in detail again. The same details are given the same reference numerals in FIGS . 3 and 4.

The reference numeral 68 4, a linear guide device in Fig. Designated along which the transport device 18, that is, the transport frame means 66 with the two compartments 62 and 64 is guided in a linearly movable.

FIGS. 5 and 6 each show a section of the pressing tool 12 in the open and in the closed pressing position, the pressing tool 12 having a lower punch 46 and an upper punch 48 and the transport device 18 located between the lower and the upper punch 46, 48 of the pressing tool 12 extends through it. The upper punch 48 has a die 52 with a corresponding surface structure. The upper punch 48 is also formed with a frame 92 which is adjustable between an ejector position shown in FIG. 5 and a pressing position shown in FIG. 6. For this purpose, the frame 92 can be connected to pistons 94 , which are movable in corresponding piston spaces 96 . Reference numeral 98 designates a sealing element in order to ensure a sealing linear guide between the piston 94 and the associated piston chamber 96 . Each piston chamber 96 is fluidly connected to a connection fitting 100 which can be connected to a fluid or vacuum source.

The frame 92 is formed with a circumferential recess 102 , through which a shoulder 104 is formed. The frame 92 is also formed with a circumferential recess 106 which can be fluidly connected to a fluid channel 108 formed in the upper punch 48 .

Upper and lower punches 46 , 48 are formed with cooling devices 50 .

From FIGS. 5 and 6, a transport device 18 for the material to be pressed 32 (sh. Fig. 5) and the molded plastic article 110 (sh. Fig. 6) can be seen, which has a transport frame means 66 having two compartments 62, 64, are closed on the underside by a mirror plate 90 and / or die. The transport frame device or the transport frame 66 is guided in a linearly movable manner along a resilient guide device 112 .

In the open position of the pressing tool 12 shown in FIG. 5, each mirror plate 90 or die of the two compartments 62 , 64 of the transport device 18 from the lower punch 46 through the spring elements 114 of the guide device 112 has a defined distance A, so that this is at a The pressed material 32 lying on the mirror plate 90 or the die 32 is not influenced in terms of heat or temperature by the lower punch 46 of the opened pressing tool 12 .

In FIG. 6, the pressing tool 12 is in sections, in the closed molding and cooling operating position drawn, is formed into which the extrudate 12 to the plastic article 110, with the provided at the upper ram 48 frame 92 by the die 52 and the corresponding mirror plate 90 the transport device 18 is a well-defined limits, the corresponding to be molded plastic article 110 form volume. After completion of the pressing and cooling process, lower and upper punches 46 , 48 of the pressing tool 12 are moved apart, after which the frame 92 is lowered somewhat so that the molded plastic object 110 is easily detached from the die 52 with the help of the circumferential shoulder 104 of the frame 92 . Subsequently, a gaseous fluid can be introduced through the fluid channel 108 into the circumferential recess 106 of the frame 92 , which can flow in between the die 52 and the finished molded article 110 lifted off the die 52 in the vicinity of the shoulder 104 , without the molded plastic article replace damaged formed by the die 52 surface structure of the die 52nd There is no fear of the molded plastic article 110 adhering firmly to the mirror plate 90 , because the adhesive forces on the structured die 52 are of course considerably greater than on the smoothly polished surface of the mirror plate 90 .

Fig. 7 shows an enlarged view of the detail VII acc. Fig. 1 or gem. Fig. 2, that is, an embodiment of the relaxation or post-forming device 16 with the storage table 54 and the upper punch 56 , which is drawn in the right half of FIG. 7 in the rest position lifted from the molded plastic article 110 and in the left half of the drawing in the active operating position is. The reference number 60 in this figure also denotes the drive device for driving the upper punch 56 . The upper punch 56 is formed with a suction chamber 58 which is delimited by a sealing element 116 . On the right side, a suction chamber 58 is indicated, which has a precisely defined curved inner contour 118 . A simply cylindrical suction space 58 is illustrated in the left half of FIG. 7. In order also in such a design of the suction chamber 58 a well-defined Nachwölbung of the molded plastic article 110, in which the plastic article 110 is mechanically relaxed immediately prior to the final solidification to ensure the upper punch 56 is equipped with a touch sensor 120th As soon as the object 110 comes into contact with the touch sensor 120 , the fluidic connection between the suction chamber 58 and a suction source (not shown) which is connected to a connection fitting 122 is interrupted. The just sufficiently thermo-elastic plastic article 110 then moves back into the desired flat final shape due to its residual elasticity and then solidifies. Following this, it is then possible to lift the upper punch 56 from the storage table 54 with the aid of the drive device 60 and to remove the finished molded high-precision surface structures and / or plastic object having high-gloss surfaces from the storage table 54 .

Figs. 8a-8p the various working or process steps will show an apparatus 10 for producing a high precision surface structures and / or high-gloss surfaces having planar molded plastic article, or in the various figures in each case the plasticizing device 14, the pressing tool 12 and the relaxation Post-forming device 16 and the transport device 18 , which is designed with a transport frame 66 , are drawn in the successive and mutually adapted operating positions. In the device 10 shown in these figures, the plasticizing device 14 is equipped with a heating table 34 and with a heating stamp 84 corresponding to the design of the plasticizing device 14 shown in FIG. 4. The reference number 86 designates the drive device for the heating stamp 84 .

The pressing tool 12 has a lower punch 46 and an upper punch 48 , the upper punch 48 being formed with a frame 92 . The reference number 52 designates the die provided on the upper punch 48 for producing the surface structure.

The relaxation or post-forming device 16 has a storage table 54 and an upper punch 56 with a suction chamber 58 . The upper punch 56 of the relaxation or post-forming device 16 can be adjusted in height by means of a drive device 60 .

The transport device 18 embodied with a transport frame 66 is guided in a linearly movable manner along a linear guide device 68 and has two compartments 62 and 64 , which are each closed on the underside by means of a mirror plate 90 .

In Fig. 8a, the press tool 12, the plasticizing device 14 and the relaxation or Nachformeinrichtung 16 are each in the open position of rest; the transport device 18 is in its first operating position, in which the first compartment 62 is provided on the plasticizing device 14 and the second compartment 64 on the pressing tool 12 . In Fig. 8a of the first operation of the device 10 is shown schematically, in which on the mirror plate 90 of the first compartment 62 of the transport device 18 is a plastic material to be pressed 32, which is, for example, a plate or film is placed. In the subsequent second work step - as can be seen from FIG. 8b - the heating die 84 of the plasticizing device 14 is moved downwards with the aid of the associated drive device 86 in such a way that the pressed material 32 between the heating die 84 and the heating table 34 or between the heating die 84 and the mirror plate 90 of the first compartment 62 of the transport frame 66 of the transport device 18 is provided closely fitting. In this second operating position acc. FIG. 8b, the compressed material 32 with the aid of hot stage 34 and the heating punch 84 is defined precisely heated and plasticized. Subsequently, in a third step, as shown in FIG. 8c, the heating die 84 of the plasticizing device 14 is moved back into the starting or rest position, after which the transport device 18 or the transport frame 66 of the transport device 18 along the linear guide device 68 can be adjusted from the first operating position shown in FIGS. 8a to 8c to the second operating position, as shown in FIG. 8d. In this second operating position of the transport device 18 , that is to say in the fourth working step of the device 10 , the first compartment 62 of the transport device 18 is located exactly in the area of the opened pressing tool 12 and the second compartment 64 of the transport device 18 is in the area of the opened relaxation or post-forming device 16 . The plasticized pressed material 32 is located in the first compartment 62 of the transport device 18 on the associated mirror plate 90 . In the next, in FIG. 8e drawn operation of the device 10, the pressing tool 12 is closed and the pressing tool, the plasticized material to be pressed 32 converted with the aid of the lower punch 46 and by means of the upper punch 48 12 to the plastic article 110, on which the mirror plate 90 underside facing a high-gloss surface, and on which the die 52 facing a top surface of the die 52 obtains a negative corresponding high-precision surface structure. Since during the in Figure 8e. Subscribed pressing operation between the lower and the upper punch 46, 48 through the frame 92 in the upper punch 48 the corresponding the finished plastic article 110 mold volume defined precisely limited, and is sealed, the pressure between the upper punch 48 and lower punch spreads 46 or mirror plate 80 resting on the lower stamp 46 in the plastic material everywhere uniformly, so that production defects caused by uneven pressing are excluded. During the pressing process, the lower punch 46 and the upper punch 48 cool the plastic material, ie the molded material that has been formed into a plastic article, to a temperature below the plasticizing temperature in the thermoelastic state, the molded plastic article 110 still having a certain residual thermoelasticity.

In Fig. 8f, the sixth operating position of the device 10 is drawn, in which the upper punch 48 of the pressing tool 12 has been moved back into the rest position lifted from the lower punch 48 , whereby the plastic object 110 due to the smooth, given by the mirror plate 90 underside probably from the mirror plate 90 of the compartment 62 remains 110 but will depend on the structured die 52 as a result of the above structure readily detaches, the plastic article so that the plastic article is lifted 110 with the upper punch 48 of the pressing tool 12 from the transport device 18th In the next seventh working step of the device 10 , shown in FIG. 8 g, the transport device 18 is then returned to the first operating position, so that the first compartment 62 of the transport device 18 is again provided in the area of the opened plasticizing device 14 , while the second compartment 64 the transport device 18 is located in the area of the opened pressing tool 12 . In the next working step of the device 10 , the plastic object 110 is removed from the die 52 with the aid of the frame 92 or by means of a pressurized gaseous fluid, as was mentioned in particular in connection with FIGS. 5 and 6 detached from the upper punch 48 of the pressing tool 12 and - as indicated in FIG. 8h - transferred into the second compartment 64 of the transport device 18 . At the same time in the located in the region of the plasticizing device 14 first compartment 62 of a transport frame having the transport means 66 is placed on the mirror plate 90 of the first compartment 62 is 18 a further input to plasticizing material to be pressed 32.

In the next step according to Has been Fig. 8i, the compressed material 32 located in the first compartment 62 is plasticized exactly the same as in Fig. Diagrammatically indicated 8b and above in connection with Fig described. 8b, while at the same time in the compartment 64 of the transport device 18, the finished molded plastic article 110 on the to the compartment 64 associated mirror plate 90 , which still has a certain residual thermoelasticity.

Are shown in FIG. 8k is the next, that is the tenth step of the device 10 illustrated in which both the pressing tool 12 and the relaxation or Nachformeinrichtung 16 and the plasticizing device 14 back into the respective open rest position drawn, so that it is possible to again switch the transport device 18 from the first operating position to the second operating division, as can be seen from FIG. 8l. In this second operating position, the plasticized pressed material 32 located in the compartment 62 of the transport device 18 is now located between the lower punch 46 and the upper punch 48 of the opened pressing tool 12 and, at the same time, the finished molded plastic article 110 , which has a certain residual thermoelasticity, and which is located in the second compartment 64 of the transport device 18 located in the area of the opened relaxation or post-forming device 16 . In the next, in FIG. 8m schematically verdeutlichten operation of the device 10 of the pressing tool is reshaped 12, located in the first compartment 62 of the transport device 18 plasticised pressed material 32 the finished molded plastic article 110 by means, wherein at the same time located in the second compartment 64 of the transport device 18 finished molded plastic article 110 sufficient residual thermoelasticity is re-formed in order to eliminate the mechanical stresses that may still be present in said plastic article 110 . For this purpose, the upper punch 56 of the relaxation or post-forming device 16 is moved against the deposit table 54 by means of the associated drive device 60 until the upper punch 56 lies tightly against the plastic object 110 to be shaped, which itself lies closely on the associated mirror plate 90 of the second compartment 64 . This results in a self-contained suction chamber 58 which can be evacuated in order to bulge the finished molded plastic object 110 , which has a certain residual thermoelasticity, in a precisely defined manner and to relax it and convert it to the hard elastic state.

Fig. 8n shows the next step of the device 10 , in which the upper punch 56 with the correspondingly arched, molded plastic article 110 sucked onto it is lifted off the table 54 of the relaxation or post-forming device 16 with the aid of the associated drive device 60 , so that the transport device 18 can be reset from the second operating position (see FIG. 8n) to the first operating position (see FIG. 8o), because not only the relaxation or post-forming device 16 , but also the pressing tool 12 and the plasticizing device 14 at the same time are open. Thereafter, the vacuum present in the suction chamber 56 is released so that the molded plastic object 110 (see FIG. 8n) sucked onto the upper punch drops from the upper punch 56 onto the deposit table 54 and can be removed from the deposit table 54 . At the same time there is a further shaped plastic object on the die 52 of the upper punch 48 which is removed from the lower punch 46 (see FIGS. 8n and 8o).

Fig. 8p shows the last or the first step, as it is also shown in Fig. 8a, ie in which in the first compartment 62 of the transport device 18, a plastic material to be pressed 32 is placed on the associated mirror plate 90 , in the plasticizing device 14 to be plasticized. Fig. 8p differs from Fig. 8a only in that according to the working step. Fig. 8p 12 a finished molded plastic article 110 is on the die 52 of the punch 48 of the press tool, while yet a plastic article 110 is shown in FIG. 8a to the die 52. According to the step Fig. 8p then close the work step again. Fig. 8b and the following steps 8 c etc. accordingly.

Fig. 9 illustrates in a diagrammatic representation of the thermal conditions of the material to be processed, eg. PMMA, being added in the temperature range at about 85 ° C and about 150 ° C the thermo-elastic state and about 150 ° C, the thermoplastic state .

Claims (32)

1. A method for producing a high-precision surface structures and / or high-gloss surfaces having a flat-shaped plastic object ( 110 ) from a plastic material to be pressed ( 32 ), in particular from a material to be pressed ( 32 ) from highly transparent plastic, the material to be pressed ( 32 ) by suitable heating plasticized and in the thermoplastic state in a pressing tool ( 12 ) into which the high-precision surface structures and / or high-gloss surfaces plastic object ( 110 ) is formed, after which the plastic object ( 110 ) is cooled below the plasticizing temperature, so that the plastic solidifies and solidifies Plastic object ( 110 ) is formed, characterized in that the plastic material to be pressed ( 32 ) outside the pressing tool ( 12 ) is heated in a plasticizing device ( 14 ) to a temperature at which the plastic material to be pressed ( 32 ) becomes thermoplastic, the temperature for control and reproduction purposes it is measured at different sections of the plasticizing device ( 14 ) that the suitably plasticized pressed material ( 32 ) is then transferred from the plasticizing device ( 14 ) to the downstream pressing tool ( 12 ) by means of a transport device ( 18 ), in which the pressed material is converted by appropriate cooling in the thermoelastic temperature range, is carried out under pressure, the forming of the plasticized material to be pressed (32) for molded plastic article (110), wherein the pressing tool (12) of the shaped, which is still in the thermoelastic state plastic article (110) under pressure in such a way It is cooled that the molded plastic object ( 110 ) is subsequently reshaped in a relaxation or re-shaping device ( 16 ) downstream of the pressing tool ( 12 ) without impairing the high-precision surface structures in the thermo-elastic range if necessary can. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the pressed material ( 32 ) from a nozzle ( 30 ) of an extruder ( 28 ) on the transport device ( 18 ) is output. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the pressed material ( 32 ) is plasticized as a prefabricated plate or film made of plastic material in the plasticizing device ( 14 ). 4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that as a transport device ( 18 ) for transferring the suitably plasticized pressed material ( 32 ) from the plasticizing device ( 14 ) to the pressing tool ( 12 ) and for transferring the molded plastic object ( 110 ) from the pressing tool ( 12 ) an endless belt ( 20 ) is used for the relaxation or post-forming device ( 16 ). 5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that as a transport device ( 18 ) for transferring the suitably plasticized pressed material ( 32 ) from the plasticizing device ( 14 ) to the pressing tool ( 12 ) and for transferring the molded plastic object ( 110 ) from the pressing tool ( 12 ) Relaxation or post-forming device ( 16 ) a transport frame device ( 66 ) with two compartments ( 62 , 64 ) is used, which between the plasticizing device ( 14 ), the pressing tool ( 12 ) and the relaxation or post-forming device ( 16 ) step by step between a first and a second operating position can be pushed back and forth so that in the first operating position one of the compartments ( 62 ) of the plasticizing device ( 14 ) and the second compartment ( 64 ) is assigned to the pressing tool ( 12 ), while in the second operating position the transport device ( 18 ) the first compartment ( 62 ) the pressing tool ( 12 ) and the second compartment ( 64 ) of the En t tensioning or post-forming device ( 16 ) is assigned. 6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that a plasticizing device ( 14 ) with a heating table ( 34 ) which is thermally effective on one side on the pressed material ( 32 ) is used, the transport device ( 18 ) on the heating table ( 34 ) is laid out closely and over a large area. 7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that a thermally double-sided on the material to be pressed ( 32 ) effective plasticizing device ( 14 ) with a heating table ( 34 ) and a heating stamp ( 84 ) is used, which for close and large-scale inclusion of the material to be pressed ( 32 ) can be placed against one another. 8. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the temperature in the pressing tool ( 12 ) for control and reproduction purposes during the shaping of the plasticized pressed material ( 32 ) to the molded plastic object ( 110 ) is measured at different points. 9. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the temperatures measured for control and reproduction purposes at different sections of the plasticizing device ( 14 ) and / or at different points of the pressing tool ( 12 ) on a computer ( 74 ) and / or are displayed on a display device ( 76 ) connected to the computer ( 74 ). 10. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the plasticized material to be pressed ( 32 ) is pressed in the pressing tool ( 12 ) in a cavity corresponding to the molded plastic article ( 110 ) and formed between two pressing dies ( 46 , 48 ) and simultaneously cooled. 11. The method according to claim 10, characterized in that the cavity is formed by the transport device ( 18 ) and by a on a press ram ( 48 ) provided between a press position and an ejector position frame ( 92 ). 12. The method according to claim 11, characterized in that in the ejector position between the molded plastic object ( 110 ) and the frame ( 92 ) having press ram ( 48 ) a gaseous fluid is introduced to the molded, in particular. Highly precise surface-structured plastic object ( 110 ) from the press ram ( 48 ). 13. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the molded plastic object ( 110 ) on the relaxation or post-forming device ( 16 ) is exposed to a defined positive and / or negative pressure, through which the plastic object ( 110 ) of a certain curvature subjected to mechanical stresses that may still be present in the plastic article ( 110 ). 14. Device for producing a high-precision surface structures and / or high-gloss surfaces with a flat-shaped plastic object ( 110 ) made of a plastic pressed material ( 32 ), in particular made of highly transparent plastic, with a pressing tool ( 12 ) in which the plasticized pressed material ( 32 ) is formed into the flat plastic object ( 110 ) having high-precision surface structures and / or high-gloss surfaces, characterized in that the pressing tool ( 12 ) is preceded by a plasticizing device ( 14 ) for plasticizing the plastic pressing material ( 32 ) and that the pressing tool ( 12 ) is provided with a relaxation device or postforming device ( 16 ) is arranged that for transporting the thermoplastic material to be pressed ( 32 ) from the plasticizing device ( 14 ) to the pressing tool ( 12 ) and the molded plastic object ( 110 ) cooled in the pressing tool ( 12 ) to the thermoelastic state for relaxation or . N / A Chformeinrichtung ( 16 ) a transport device ( 18 ) is provided, and that on the plasticizing device ( 14 ) and / or on the pressing tool ( 12 ) spaced apart temperature sensors ( 72 ) are provided, which are connected to a computer ( 74 ) for control and reproduction purposes are to which at least one display device ( 76 ) is connected. 15. The apparatus according to claim 14, characterized in that the pressing tool ( 12 ) has a lower and an upper punch ( 46 , 48 ) which are formed with cooling devices ( 50 ), and that the transport device ( 18 ) between the lower and the upper punch ( 46 , 48 ) extends through the pressing tool ( 12 ), the transport device ( 18 ) being at a distance (A) from the lower punch ( 46 ) in the open position of the pressing tool ( 12 ). 16. The apparatus according to claim 15, characterized in that the transport device ( 18 ) by means of a resilient guide device ( 112 ) in the open position of the pressing tool ( 12 ) from the lower punch ( 46 ) is spaced. 17. The apparatus according to claim 15, characterized in that the upper punch ( 48 ) of the pressing tool ( 12 ) is formed with a frame ( 92 ) which is adjustable between a pressing position and an ejector position, the frame ( 92 ), the upper punch ( 48 ) and the transport device ( 18 ) in the pressing position of the pressing tool ( 12 ) limits the mold volume corresponding to the high-precision surface structures and / or high-gloss surfaces of the flat molded plastic object ( 110 ). 18. The apparatus according to claim 17, characterized in that the frame ( 92 ) is formed with a circumferential recess ( 102 ) delimited by a shoulder ( 104 ), the shoulder ( 104 ) abutting the molded plastic object ( 110 ) in the ejector position and serves as a releaser or ejector for the molded plastic article ( 110 ). 19. The apparatus of claim 17 or 18, characterized in that the frame ( 92 ) is formed with a recess ( 106 ) which in the ejector position between a fluid channel ( 108 ) in the upper punch ( 48 ) and the space between the upper punch ( 48 ) and the molded plastic object ( 110 ) at least partially detached from the upper punch ( 48 ) creates a fluidic connection for a gaseous fluid under a certain pressure. 20. Device according to one of claims 14 to 19, characterized in that the transport device ( 18 ) has an endless belt ( 20 ) which extends from the plasticizing device ( 14 ) through the pressing tool ( 12 ) to the relaxation or post-forming device ( 16 ) and back to the plasticizing device ( 14 ) and is deflected around two deflection rollers ( 22 , 24 ), one of which ( 22 ) on the end section of the plasticizing device ( 14 ) facing away from the pressing tool ( 12 ) and of which the second ( 24 ) is provided on the end section of the expansion or post-forming device ( 16 ) facing away from the pressing tool ( 12 ). 21. Device according to one of claims 14 to 19, characterized in that the transport device ( 18 ) has a transport frame device or a transport frame ( 66 ) with two compartments ( 62 , 64 ) which are provided on the underside with a bottom ( 90 ) , wherein the transport frame ( 66 ) is guided in a linearly oscillating manner in a guide device ( 68 ) so as to be adjustable between two operating positions such that in one operating position the first compartment ( 62 ) of the plasticizing device ( 14 ) and the second compartment ( 64 ) the pressing tool ( 12 ) and in the second operating position the first compartment ( 62 ) is associated with the pressing tool ( 12 ) and the second compartment ( 64 ) with the relaxation and post-forming device ( 16 ). 22. The apparatus according to claim 21, characterized in that the two compartments ( 62 , 64 ) of the transport frame device ( 66 ) are rigidly connected to one another. 23. The device according to claim 21, characterized in that the two compartments ( 62 , 64 ) of the transport frame device ( 66 ) are mechanically separated from one another and can be moved independently of one another. 24. The device according to claim 20 or 21, characterized in that the plasticizing device ( 14 ) has at least one heating table ( 34 ) on which the transport device ( 18 ) rests closely and over a large area for heat transfer. 25. The device according to claim 24, characterized in that the heating table ( 34 ) on a base ( 36 ) is heat-insulating and suitably movably mounted to compensate for thermal expansions, the heating table ( 34 ) being provided with spaced-apart temperature sensors ( 72 ). 26. The apparatus according to claim 24 or 25, characterized in that a heat reflection device and / or a radiant heating source is provided over the heating table ( 34 ). 27. The apparatus according to claim 24 or 25, characterized in that the plasticizing device ( 14 ) above the heating table ( 34 ) has a heating stamp ( 84 ), which lies between a on the on the transport device ( 18 ) pressing material ( 32 ) lying heating position and a rest position distant from the material to be pressed ( 32 ) is adjustable. 28. The apparatus according to claim 27, characterized in that the heating stamp ( 84 ) is provided with spaced-apart temperature sensors ( 72 ). 29. The device according to one of claims 14 to 28, characterized in that the relaxation or post-forming device ( 16 ) has a storage table ( 54 ) located under the transport device ( 18 ) for a high-precision surface structures and / or high-gloss surfaces having a flat-shaped plastic object ( 110 ) and has a height-adjustable upper punch ( 56 ) provided above the transport device ( 18 ), whereby the storage table ( 54 ) and / or the upper punch ( 56 ) can be pressurized with an overpressure or underpressure to hold the plastic object ( 110 ) immediately before it finally solidifies in the thermoelastic state and thereby relax mechanically. 30. The device according to claim 29, characterized in that the upper punch ( 56 ) of the relaxation or post-forming device ( 16 ) is formed with a suction chamber ( 58 ) which limits by means of a sealing element ( 116 ) which can be brought into contact with the plastic object ( 110 ) is. 31. The device according to claim 30, characterized in that the suction chamber ( 58 ) is equipped with at least one touch sensor ( 120 ). 32. Apparatus according to claim 30, characterized in that the suction space ( 58 ) is formed with a predetermined curved inner contour ( 118 ).