DE4042257A1 - Electrically conducting liquids level measurement - using discrete sensor positions, e.g. inform of metal surfaces along vertical bar - Google Patents

Electrically conducting liquids level measurement - using discrete sensor positions, e.g. inform of metal surfaces along vertical bar

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Publication number
DE4042257A1
DE4042257A1 DE19904042257 DE4042257A DE4042257A1 DE 4042257 A1 DE4042257 A1 DE 4042257A1 DE 19904042257 DE19904042257 DE 19904042257 DE 4042257 A DE4042257 A DE 4042257A DE 4042257 A1 DE4042257 A1 DE 4042257A1
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Prior art keywords
counter electrode
level
sensors
metal surfaces
resistance
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DE19904042257
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German (de)
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Rudolf Rammner
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01FMEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F23/00Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm
    • G01F23/22Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water
    • G01F23/24Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water by measuring variations of resistance of resistors due to contact with conductor fluid
    • G01F23/241Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water by measuring variations of resistance of resistors due to contact with conductor fluid for discrete levels

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Electric Means (AREA)

Abstract

The method measures the level of electrically conducting liquids using discrete sensor positions. Sensors, e.g. in the form of metal surfaces, are arranged along a vertical bar, each two of which are bridged by an ohmic resistor which is in direct contact with the liquid below the liquid level. The sensor surfaces enable a low impedance connection to a counter electrode and the number of sensors above the surface can be determined electrically by a resistance measurement. To minimise the low impedance connection the elongated counter electrode is fed close to all the sensors. USE/ADVANTAGE - Enables level of electrically conducting liquids to be measured using closely spaced discrete position measurements.

Description

Zur Bestimmung der Höhe eines Flüssigkeitsspiegels können nahezu alle physikalischen Meßprinzipe und für diese je eine große Mannigfaltigkeit von Untermethoden angewendet werden.To determine the level of a liquid level can be almost all physical measuring principles and a great variety for each of them of sub-methods can be applied.

Wird speziell die elektrische Leitfähigkeit vorausgesetzt, mit deren Hilfe eine Bestimmung ermöglicht werden soll, reduziert sich diese Vielzahl für die Ausführung fast immer auf den elektrischen Schluß eines Stromes über zwei in der Flüssigkeit befindliche Elektroden. Diese werden von oben in Richtung Flüssigkeitsspiegel hinuntergelassen. Die Auslotungstiefe ergibt sich aus dem Beginn des Stromflusses durch die Elektroden, sobald diese beide in die Flüssigkeit tauchen.If the electrical conductivity is specifically required, with its If a determination is to be made possible, this is reduced Variety for the execution almost always on the electrical circuit a current through two electrodes in the liquid. These are lowered from above towards the liquid level. The depth of the plumbing results from the start of the current flow through the electrodes as soon as they are both immersed in the liquid.

Dieses Verfahren wird in der Regel manuell angewendet, eine Automatisierung ist nicht ökonomisch und wird nicht praktiziert. Elektrische Methoden für eine Erfassung des Spiegels bei Flüssigkeiten variabler Leitfähigkeit ohne eine Bewegung der Meßanordnung sind mit einer einzigen Ausnahme (siehe Lit.) nicht bekannt.This procedure is usually applied manually, one Automation is not economical and is not practiced. Electrical Methods for detecting the level of liquids with variable Conductivity without moving the measuring arrangement are included a single exception (see Ref.) not known.

Eine bewegungsfreie Erfassung wird dadurch ermöglicht, daß längs einem vertikal aufgestellten Pegel, der in die Flüssigkeit hineinragt, viele diskrete Einzel-"Fenster" vorgesehen werden, deren Zustand (benetzt oder trocken) von oben aus elektrisch abgefragt oder analog gemessen wird. Hierzu sind erfindungsgemäß zwei verschiedene Möglichkeiten gegeben.A motion-free detection is made possible that along a vertical level that protrudes into the liquid, many discrete Single "windows" are provided, their condition (wetted or dry) is polled electrically from above or measured analogously. According to the invention there are two different possibilities for this.

Einmal wird eine vertikal angeordnete Kette oder starre Anordnung (Pegel-Latte) von ohmschen Widerständen gleichem numerischen Wertes mit für die Flüssigkeit zugänglichen (Metall-) Flächen, die obengenannten Fenster, zwischen je zweien dieser Widerstände, vorgesehen. Die Widerstände selbst sind gegen die Flüssigkeit isoliert. Ferner wird eine Gegenelektrode derart installiert, daß diese stets zumindest anteilig innerhalb der Flüssigkeit ist, unabhängig von der jeweiligen Spiegelhöhe.One is a vertically arranged chain or rigid arrangement (Level crossbar) of ohmic resistors of the same numerical value with (metal) surfaces accessible to the liquid, the above Windows, provided between two of these resistors. The resistances themselves are isolated from the liquid. Furthermore, a Counterelectrode installed so that it is always at least partially within  the liquid is independent of the respective mirror height.

Der räumliche Widerstand zwischen den benetzten (Metall-) Flächen und der Gegenelektrode wird durch eine geeignete Geometrie der Anordnung derart klein gehalten, daß er geringer ist als ein einzelner ohmscher Widerstand der Kette. Somit läßt sich aus der Messung des Widerstandes der Gesamtanordnung (Summe der ohmschen Widerstände im Trockenbereich plus Übergangswiderstand durch die Flüssigkeit zur Gegenelektrode) ermitteln, wieviele Widerstände oberhalb des Spiegels liegen, oder, gleichbedeutend, in welcher Tiefe der Flüssigkeitsspiegel liegt, da die Metallflächen längs des Pegels in engem und konstantem Abstand angebracht sind.The spatial resistance between the wetted (metal) Surfaces and the counter electrode is made by a suitable geometry the arrangement is kept so small that it is less than a single one ohmic resistance of the chain. Thus, from the measurement the resistance of the overall arrangement (sum of the ohmic resistances in the dry area plus contact resistance due to the liquid to the counter electrode) determine how many resistances above the Level, or, synonymous, at what depth the liquid level lies because the metal surfaces are narrow and level along the level constant distance are attached.

Dieses Verfahren ist bereits beschrieben in BUSCH & LUCKNER, Geohydraulik (siehe Lit.) und stellt die oben erwähnte einzige bekannte Ausnahme dar. Es ist jedoch nur für eine sehr begrenzte Anzahl von diskreten Tiefenpunkten anwendbar, da die Anordnung der Fensterflächen und Form und Lage der Gegenelektrode nicht optimiert waren. Die Gegenelektrode hatte nahezu punktuelle Gestalt und befand sich am tiefsten Punkt der Flüssigkeit und damit zumeist weit abseits von den Metallflächen. Das Verfahren konnte sich daher nicht einbürgern. Die optimierende geometrische Anordnung ist hier Gegenstand eines Teiles der Erfindungsgedanken, wonach ohne weiteres eine zehnfach größere Auflösung der Tiefenerfassung oder eine zehnfach größere Erkundungstiefe einer Flüssigkeitssäule ermöglicht werden.This process is already described in BUSCH & LUCKNER, Geohydraulics (see Ref.) And represents the only known one mentioned above Exception. However, it is only for a very limited number of discrete depth points applicable because of the arrangement of the window areas and shape and position of the counter electrode were not optimized. The counter electrode had almost punctiform shape and was at the lowest point the liquid and therefore mostly far away from the metal surfaces. The procedure could therefore not become natural. The optimizing geometric Arrangement is the subject of part of the inventive concept, after which a resolution of the depth detection is ten times greater or ten times the depth of exploration of a liquid column be made possible.

Die konstruktionsbedingt hohen räumlichen Übergangswiderstände von den Metallflächen zur Gegenelektrode des bei BUSCH & LUCKNER beschriebenen Verfahrens müssen aus zwei Gründen wesentlich verringert werden, wenn eine hinreichend universelle Brauchbarkeit garantiert sein soll:
erstens brauchen bei einer Verringerung des räumlichen Übergangswiderstandes zur Gegenelektrode dann auch nicht mehr die ohmschen Widerstände der Kette hohe Werte zu erhalten, um den für variable Leitfähigkeiten von Flüssigkeiten unkalkulierbaren räumlichen Übergangswiderstand übertreffen zu können (um überhaupt einen Pegelstand messen zu können). Das aber würde andererseits bei großer Stückzahl von Einzelwiderständen in der Kette einen unverträglich hohen Gesamtwiderstand mit allen den bekannten Nachteilen in der Meßtechnik bedeuten.
The design-related high spatial contact resistances from the metal surfaces to the counterelectrode of the method described by BUSCH & LUCKNER have to be significantly reduced for two reasons if a sufficiently universal usability is to be guaranteed:
firstly, if the spatial contact resistance to the counterelectrode is reduced, the ohmic resistances of the chain no longer need to be given high values in order to be able to exceed the spatial contact resistance that is incalculable for variable conductivities of liquids (in order to be able to measure a water level). On the other hand, this would mean an intolerably high total resistance with all the known disadvantages in measuring technology given a large number of individual resistors in the chain.

Zweitens aber würden - als Folge zu hoher Werte der ohmschen Widerstände in der Kette - bei einer Absenkung des Flüssigkeitsspiegels zwischen den Metallflächen verbleibende Flüssigkeitsreste relativ unverträglich hohe parallele Leckströme zu den ohmschen Widerständen verursachen, was wiederum die Meßergebnisse verfälschen würde.Second, however, the ohmic values would result as a result of excessive values Resistance in the chain - when the liquid level drops Liquid residues remaining between the metal surfaces are relatively incompatible cause high parallel leakage currents to the ohmic resistors, which in turn would falsify the measurement results.

Zum anderen können in ähnlicher Form die obenerwähnten Metallfenster, jetzt an der Außenseite eines hermetisch abgeschlossenen Kunststoffrohres angebracht, zur Erkennung des Zustandes eines elektrischen Potentials dienen, das in Abhängigkeit der Zustände benetzt oder trocken ansteht. Die Gegenelektrode, hier am unteren Ende des Rohres und im Kontakt mit der Flüssigkeit, erhalte beispielsweise positives Potential. Die Fenster sind sodann nach innen je mit einem Gatter von hochohmigen digitalen ICs (CMOS) verbunden, für deren Stromversorgung das GND-Potential (ground) und das Potential der oben bezeichneten Gegenelektrode dienen. Da alle Gattereingänge sehr hochohmig sind, hat die Flüssigkeit praktisch überall das gleiche Potential wie die Gegenelektrode am Ende des Rohres. Durch den Zustand der ICs am Ausgang läßt sich bei geeigneter Auswahl der Bausteine und der geometrischen Anordnung eindeutig von oben erkennen, ob sich ein zum Gatter zugehöriges Fenster innerhalb der Flüssigkeit befindet oder außerhalb derselben liegt, d. h. ob es positiv oder indefinit ist und zugeordnet wirkt.On the other hand, the metal windows mentioned above, now on the outside of a hermetically sealed plastic tube attached, to detect the state of an electrical Serve potential that wets or dries depending on the conditions pending. The counter electrode, here at the lower end of the tube and in Contact with the liquid, get positive potential, for example. The Windows are then each inside with a gate of high impedance digital ICs (CMOS) connected, for their power supply the GND potential (ground) and the potential of the counter electrode described above serve. Since all gate inputs are very high impedance, the Liquid practically everywhere has the same potential as the counter electrode at the end of the pipe. Due to the state of the ICs at the output with a suitable selection of the building blocks and the geometric arrangement clearly recognize from above whether there is a member belonging to the gate Window is inside or outside the liquid lies, d. H. whether it is positive or indefinite and seems assigned.

Die Vielheit der IC-Ausgänge wird durch zyklische Fernabfrage abgetastet. Hierzu ist bei geeignetem elektronischen Konzept ein Zweileiter-System ausreichend.The majority of the IC outputs is controlled by cyclical remote polling scanned. With a suitable electronic concept, a two-wire system is sufficient for this.

Lit. BUSCH, K.-F. & LUCKNER, L. (1972) Geohydraulik, VEB Deutscher Verlag für Grundstoffindustrie, LeipzigLit. BUSCH, K.-F. & LUCKNER, L. (1972) Geohydraulics, VEB German Verlag für Grundstoffindustrie, Leipzig

Claims (3)

1. Verfahren und Vorrichtungen zur Ermittlung von Füllstand und Pegelhöhen von elektrisch leitenden Flüssigkeiten unter Verwendung von längs einer vertikalen Latte vorgesehenen Sensoren in Form von Metallflächen oder anderweitig elektrisch leitenden Flächen, deren je zwei jeweils durch einen ohmschen Widerstand überbrückt sind, die unterhalb des Spiegels im direkten Kontakt mit der Flüssigkeit sind, wobei diese Sensorflächen einen niederohmigen Schluß zu einer weiterhin vorgesehenen Gegenelektrode ermöglichen, so daß im wesentlichen ausschließlich die Anzahl der Sensoren oberhalb des Spiegels von oben aus elektrisch in Form einer Widerstandsmessung meßbar wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zur Minimierung des niederohmigen Schlusses die Gegenelektrode in langer Ausdehnung längs sämtlicher dieser Sensoren in unmittelbarer Nachbarschaft vorbeigeführt wird.1. Method and devices for determining the level and level of electrically conductive liquids using sensors provided along a vertical crossbar in the form of metal surfaces or other electrically conductive surfaces, the two of which are each bridged by an ohmic resistance, which is below the mirror in the are in direct contact with the liquid, these sensor surfaces enabling a low-resistance connection to a counter electrode which is also provided, so that essentially only the number of sensors above the mirror can be measured electrically from above in the form of a resistance measurement, characterized in that to minimize the low resistance, the counter electrode is passed in a long extension along all of these sensors in the immediate vicinity. 2. Verfahren und Vorrichtungen nach 1., dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zum Zwecke einer weiteren Verringerung des Übergangswiderstandes zur Gegenelektrode anstelle von bisher nur einer linearen Sensoranordnung deren mehrere auch vertikal versetzte, Sensorpositionen verwendet werden, bei denen sämtlich wiederum unmittelbar benachbart eine längliche Gegenelektrode oder gegebenenfalls deren mehrere befindlich sind.2. The method and devices according to 1., characterized in that that for the purpose of further reducing the contact resistance to the counter electrode instead of just one linear sensor arrangement, several of which are also vertically offset, Sensor positions are used, all of which in turn immediately adjacent an elongated counterelectrode or, if necessary several of which are located. 3. Verfahren und Vorrichtungen zur Ermittlung von Füllstand und Pegelhöhen von elektrisch leitenden Flüssigkeiten unter Verwendung von längs einer vertikalen Latte vorgesehenen Sensoren in Form von Metallflächen oder anderweitig elektrisch leitenden Flächen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Potential über eine am Grunde der Flüssigkeit befindliche Gegenelektrode über die Flüssigkeit an die benetzten Flächen herangeführt wird und über hochohmige digitale innerhalb eines nichtleitenden Rohres befindliche ICs durch zyklische Fernabfrage von oben aus erkundet wird, während die oberhalb des Spiegels befindlichen Sensorflächen durch ihren indefiniten Potentialzustand eine anderslautende Information abgeben.3. Methods and devices for determining fill level and level levels of electrically conductive liquids using sensors provided along a vertical slat in the form of metal surfaces or other electrically conductive surfaces, thereby characterized in that the potential over a fundamentally counter electrode located above the liquid the wetted surfaces is brought up and via high-impedance digital  ICs located in a non-conductive tube due to cyclic Remote inquiry is explored from above while the one above of the mirror surface due to their indefinite potential state provide different information.
DE19904042257 1990-12-31 1990-12-31 Electrically conducting liquids level measurement - using discrete sensor positions, e.g. inform of metal surfaces along vertical bar Withdrawn DE4042257A1 (en)

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Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2694396A1 (en) * 1992-07-30 1994-02-04 Guillemot Gilbert Device for detecting two levels of a liquid.
DE19712577A1 (en) * 1997-03-26 1997-07-24 Zueblin Ag Monitoring concrete filling of shuttering
EP0867695A2 (en) * 1997-03-26 1998-09-30 Bilfinger + Berger Bauaktiengesellschaft Method and device for detecting the degree of filling of formworks with concrete, as well as its compacting, by exploiting its electrical properties
FR2765681A1 (en) * 1997-07-03 1999-01-08 Comm Composants Soc Ind Water level measuring device for steam generator reservoir
DE10015764A1 (en) * 2000-03-30 2001-10-11 Brita Gmbh Device for measuring the volume of an electrically conductive liquid
DE10027183A1 (en) * 2000-05-31 2001-12-20 Siemens Ag Determining level of electrically conducting liquid in container involves the liquid making contact between the resistance coating of one electrode and the other electrode
EP1659207A1 (en) 2004-11-19 2006-05-24 BSH Bosch und Siemens Hausgeräte GmbH Condensing-type clothes dryer
DE102005035045A1 (en) * 2005-07-27 2007-02-08 Brita Gmbh Measuring device for the determination of flow rates of electrically conductive liquids, measuring element and method
DE102010020842A1 (en) * 2010-05-18 2011-11-24 Continental Automotive Gmbh Filling level sensor for detecting e.g. filling level height of urea solution in reducing agent container, for selective catalytic reduction system of motor car, has electrodes connected via resistor to detect height and conductance
US8171802B2 (en) 2008-03-28 2012-05-08 Brita Gmbh Method for measuring the volume flow of electrically conductive liquids through a vessel
DE102013208956A1 (en) * 2013-05-15 2014-11-20 Areva Gmbh Sensor carrier and associated device for level measurement
SE1930369A1 (en) * 2019-11-12 2021-05-13 Rosen Erik Float-free water level gauge probe for drilled wells

Cited By (22)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2694396A1 (en) * 1992-07-30 1994-02-04 Guillemot Gilbert Device for detecting two levels of a liquid.
US5408223A (en) * 1992-07-30 1995-04-18 Guillemot; Gilbert Device for detecting two levels of a liquid having high and low electrodes of metals of different electrode potentials which are connected by conductors so as to form an electrical primary cell
DE19712577A1 (en) * 1997-03-26 1997-07-24 Zueblin Ag Monitoring concrete filling of shuttering
EP0867695A2 (en) * 1997-03-26 1998-09-30 Bilfinger + Berger Bauaktiengesellschaft Method and device for detecting the degree of filling of formworks with concrete, as well as its compacting, by exploiting its electrical properties
EP0867695A3 (en) * 1997-03-26 1999-08-04 Bilfinger + Berger Bauaktiengesellschaft Method and device for detecting the degree of filling of formworks with concrete, as well as its compacting, by exploiting its electrical properties
DE19712577C2 (en) * 1997-03-26 2000-09-21 Zueblin Ag Procedure for determining the degree of filling of formwork with concrete
FR2765681A1 (en) * 1997-07-03 1999-01-08 Comm Composants Soc Ind Water level measuring device for steam generator reservoir
DE10015764A1 (en) * 2000-03-30 2001-10-11 Brita Gmbh Device for measuring the volume of an electrically conductive liquid
WO2001074719A1 (en) * 2000-03-30 2001-10-11 Brita Gmbh Method for determining the efficiency of a liquid processing unit and device using said method
DE10027183A1 (en) * 2000-05-31 2001-12-20 Siemens Ag Determining level of electrically conducting liquid in container involves the liquid making contact between the resistance coating of one electrode and the other electrode
EP1659207A1 (en) 2004-11-19 2006-05-24 BSH Bosch und Siemens Hausgeräte GmbH Condensing-type clothes dryer
DE102004055941A1 (en) * 2004-11-19 2006-05-24 BSH Bosch und Siemens Hausgeräte GmbH Condensation Dryer
DE102004055941B4 (en) * 2004-11-19 2017-05-11 BSH Hausgeräte GmbH Condensation Dryer
DE102005035045A1 (en) * 2005-07-27 2007-02-08 Brita Gmbh Measuring device for the determination of flow rates of electrically conductive liquids, measuring element and method
DE102005035045B4 (en) * 2005-07-27 2007-05-16 Brita Gmbh Measuring device for the determination of flow rates of electrically conductive liquids, measuring element and method
DE102005035045B9 (en) * 2005-07-27 2007-11-08 Brita Gmbh Measuring device for the determination of flow rates of electrically conductive liquids, measuring element and method
US7905144B2 (en) 2005-07-27 2011-03-15 Brita Gmbh Measuring device, and conductivity measuring device, for determining flow capacities of electroconductive liquids, measuring element, and method
US8171802B2 (en) 2008-03-28 2012-05-08 Brita Gmbh Method for measuring the volume flow of electrically conductive liquids through a vessel
DE102010020842A1 (en) * 2010-05-18 2011-11-24 Continental Automotive Gmbh Filling level sensor for detecting e.g. filling level height of urea solution in reducing agent container, for selective catalytic reduction system of motor car, has electrodes connected via resistor to detect height and conductance
DE102013208956A1 (en) * 2013-05-15 2014-11-20 Areva Gmbh Sensor carrier and associated device for level measurement
SE1930369A1 (en) * 2019-11-12 2021-05-13 Rosen Erik Float-free water level gauge probe for drilled wells
SE544173C2 (en) * 2019-11-12 2022-02-15 Rosen Erik Float-free relative and absolute water level gauge probe for drilled wells

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