DE3941654A1 - Regulating orientation of satellites - using flywheels operated at speeds avoiding coincidence of resonant frequencies with those of satellite - Google Patents

Regulating orientation of satellites - using flywheels operated at speeds avoiding coincidence of resonant frequencies with those of satellite

Info

Publication number
DE3941654A1
DE3941654A1 DE19893941654 DE3941654A DE3941654A1 DE 3941654 A1 DE3941654 A1 DE 3941654A1 DE 19893941654 DE19893941654 DE 19893941654 DE 3941654 A DE3941654 A DE 3941654A DE 3941654 A1 DE3941654 A1 DE 3941654A1
Authority
DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
flywheels
satellite
satellites
those
operated
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
DE19893941654
Other languages
German (de)
Inventor
Werner Dr Ing Auer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Rockwell Collins Deutschland GmbH
Original Assignee
Teldix GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Teldix GmbH filed Critical Teldix GmbH
Priority to DE19893941654 priority Critical patent/DE3941654A1/en
Publication of DE3941654A1 publication Critical patent/DE3941654A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64GCOSMONAUTICS; VEHICLES OR EQUIPMENT THEREFOR
    • B64G1/00Cosmonautic vehicles
    • B64G1/22Parts of, or equipment specially adapted for fitting in or to, cosmonautic vehicles
    • B64G1/24Guiding or controlling apparatus, e.g. for attitude control
    • B64G1/28Guiding or controlling apparatus, e.g. for attitude control using inertia or gyro effect

Abstract

A method of controlling the orientations of satellites with several flywheels with rotation axes in different directions involves driving the flywheels at a mean speed selected so that their natural resonant frequencies do not coincide with those of the satellite. Four flywheels can be arranged so that the rotation axis of each is perpendicular to one of the four surfaces of a tetrahedron. Alternatively, more flywheels can be used. ADVANTAGE - Minimal effect of natural vibrations of flywheels on satellite's orientation.

Description

Stand der TechnikState of the art

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Lageregelung von Satelliten mit den Merkmalen des Oberbegriffs des Anspruchs 1.The invention relates to a method for position control of satellites with the Features of the preamble of claim 1.

Üblicherweise werden zur Lageregelung von Satelliten Schwungräder - auch Reak­ tionsräder genannt - verwendet. Oft werden mehrere solcher Schwungräder, deren Drehachsen in unterschiedliche Richtungen orientiert sind, in einem Satelliten eingesetzt, um durch Modulation der Drehzahl der einzelnen Schwungräder gezielte Lageänderungen des Satelliten vornehmen oder momentan auftretende Stördrehmo­ mente ausregeln zu können. Die Verwendung von vier Schwungrädern ist bekannt aus der Veröffentlichung "Ball bearing versus magnetic bearing reaction and momentum wheels as momentum actuators" von W. Auer auf dem AIAA international meeting & technical display global technology 2000, Baltimore, May 6-8, 1980, S. 1-5.Flywheels - also called reak - are usually used to control the position of satellites called wheels - used. Often, several such flywheels, their Axes of rotation are oriented in different directions in a satellite used to target by modulating the speed of each flywheel Make changes in the position of the satellite or currently occurring interference torque to be able to settle elements. The use of four flywheels is known from the publication "Ball bearing versus magnetic bearing reaction and momentum wheels as momentum actuators "by W. Auer at the AIAA international meeting & technical display global technology 2000, Baltimore, May 6-8, 1980, Pp. 1-5.

Vorteile der ErfindungAdvantages of the invention

Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 hat den Vorteil, daß dadurch der Einfluß der von den Schwungrädern ausgehenden Vibrationen auf die Lage des Satelliten minimal wird. Restliche, nicht vermeidbare Schwingungs­ resonanzen der Schwungräder werden somit den Satelliten nicht zu störende Schwingungen anregen, weil die Schwingungsresonanzfrequenzen der Schwungräder durch geeignete Wahl der mittleren Drehzahl aus dem Bereich der Schwingungsre­ sonanzfrequenzen des Satelliten verlagert werden. Werden gemäß Anspruch 2 vier Schwungräder verwendet, deren Drehachsen senkrecht auf den Flächen eines Tetraeders stehen, so lassen sich störende Schwingungen der Schwungräder sehr weitgehend reduzieren, vor allem die sonst bei Drehrichtungsumkehrungen auftre­ tenden Drehmomentensprünge. Entsprechendes gilt auch für mehr als vier Schwung­ räder, deren Drehachsen als "symmetrischer Igel" auf einem entsprechenden drei­ dimensionalen Körper stehen, z. B. fünf Schwungräder bei einem Pentaeder, usw.The method according to the invention with the features of claim 1 has the advantage that the influence of the vibrations emanating from the flywheels the location of the satellite becomes minimal. Remaining, unavoidable vibrations Resonances of the flywheels are therefore not to be disturbed by the satellites Excite vibrations because of the vibration resonance frequencies of the flywheels through a suitable choice of the average speed from the range of vibration resonance frequencies of the satellite are shifted. According to claim 2 four Flywheels are used, whose axes of rotation are perpendicular to the surfaces of a Tetrahedra, so disturbing vibrations of the flywheels can be very reduce to a large extent, especially those that otherwise occur when the direction of rotation is reversed tendency torque jumps. The same applies to more than four turns wheels, whose axes of rotation as a "symmetrical hedgehog" on a corresponding three dimensional body, e.g. B. five flywheels in a pentahedron, etc.

Beschreibungdescription

Anhand eines in der Zeichnung dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiels wird nun die Erfindung näher erläutert. Es zeigenBased on an embodiment shown in the drawing, the Invention explained in more detail. Show it

Fig. 1 schematische Anordnung von vier Schwungrädern, Fig. 1 shows a schematic arrangement of four reaction wheels,

Fig. 2 Drehmoment eines Schwungrades in Abhängigkeit um seiner Drehzahl und Fig. 2 torque of a flywheel depending on its speed and

Fig. 3 Schwingungsspektren. Fig. 3 vibration spectra.

Beim vorliegenden Ausführungsbeispiel werden vier Schwungräder zur Lageregelung eines Satelliten eingesetzt. Wie die Fig. 1 schematisch andeutet, sind diese vier Schwungräder z. B. so angeordnet, daß jedes von ihnen mit seiner Drehachse (angedeutet durch Pfeile) senkrecht auf einer der vier Flächen eines Tetraeders steht. Durch Drehzahlmodulation der Schwungräder können resultierende Drehmomen­ te mit beliebiger vektorieller Richtung im Raum realisiert werden. Es können da­ mit also beliebig gerichtete momentane Stördrehmomente ausgeregelt und auch ge­ zielte Lageänderungen des Satelliten ausgeübt werden. Vor allem lassen sich mit der Schwungräderanordnung sogenannte Drehmomentensprünge eliminieren. Solche Drehmomentensprünge treten bei einem Schwungrad, besonders drastisch bei kugel­ gelagerten Schwungrädern, immer dann auf, wenn die Drehrichtung sich umkehrt.In the present embodiment, four flywheels are used to control the position of a satellite. As schematically indicated in FIG. 1, these four flywheels are e.g. B. arranged so that each of them with its axis of rotation (indicated by arrows) is perpendicular to one of the four faces of a tetrahedron. By modulating the speed of the flywheels, the resulting torques can be realized in any vectorial direction in space. It can be adjusted with any directional instantaneous torques and also targeted changes in the position of the satellite can be exercised. Above all, so-called torque jumps can be eliminated with the flywheel arrangement. Such jumps in torque occur with a flywheel, particularly drastically with flywheels with ball bearings, whenever the direction of rotation is reversed.

Die Fig. 2 in der die Abhängigkeit des Drehmoments M eines Schwungrades von seiner Drehzahl ω dargestellt ist, verdeutlicht den Drehmomentensprung. FIG. 2, which shows the dependence of the torque M of a flywheel on its speed ω, illustrates the jump in torque.

In der Fig. 3 gibt die durchgezogenen Linie ein Spektrum A (f) des mechanischen Schwingungsverhaltens eines Satelliten wieder. Hier zeigt sich, daß es bei ge­ wissen Schwingungsfrequenzen f Resonanzerscheinungen gibt. Es würde zu einer Verstärkung der störenden Schwingungen des Satelliten führen, wenn von den Schwungrädern ausgehende Schwingungen mit ihren Resonanzfrequenzen in die Reso­ nanzfrequenzbereiche des Satelliten fielen. Üm das zu vermeiden, werden die Schwungräder mit einer solchen mittleren Drehzahl betrieben, daß deren Schwin­ gungsspektrum (vgl. strichlierte Linie in Fig. 3) soweit gegenüber dem Schwin­ gungsspektrum entfernt ist, daß es nicht zu Resonanzverstärkungen kommt.In Fig. 3 the solid line shows a spectrum A (f) of the mechanical vibration behavior of a satellite. This shows that there are resonance phenomena at known vibration frequencies. It would lead to an amplification of the interfering vibrations of the satellite if vibrations emanating from the flywheels with their resonance frequencies fell into the resonance frequency ranges of the satellite. To avoid this, the flywheels are operated at such an average speed that their vibration spectrum (see dashed line in Fig. 3) is so far removed from the vibration spectrum that there are no resonance amplifications.

Claims (3)

1. Verfahren zur Lageregelung von Satelliten mittels mehrerer Schwungräder, deren Drehachsen in unterschiedliche Richtungen orientiert sind, dadurch gekenn­ zeichnet, daß die Schwungräder mit seiner solchen mittleren Drehzahl betrieben werden, daß Schwingungsresonanzfrequenzen der Schwungräder nicht mit Schwingungs­ resonanzfrequenzen des Satelliten zusammenfallen.1. A method for position control of satellites by means of several flywheels, the axes of rotation of which are oriented in different directions, characterized in that the flywheels are operated at such an average speed that vibration resonance frequencies of the flywheels do not coincide with the resonance frequencies of the satellite. 2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß vier Schwung­ räder so angeordnet werden, daß jedes von ihnen mit seiner Drehachse senkrecht auf einer der vier Flächen eines Tetraeders steht.2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that four swing wheels are arranged so that each of them with its axis of rotation perpendicular stands on one of the four faces of a tetrahedron. 3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß n Schwungräder so an­ geordnet werden, daß jedes von ihnen mit seiner Drehachse senkrecht auf einer der n Flächen eines dreidimensionalen Körpers stehen.3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that n flywheels ordered that each of them with its axis of rotation perpendicular to one of the n surfaces of a three-dimensional body.
DE19893941654 1989-12-16 1989-12-16 Regulating orientation of satellites - using flywheels operated at speeds avoiding coincidence of resonant frequencies with those of satellite Withdrawn DE3941654A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19893941654 DE3941654A1 (en) 1989-12-16 1989-12-16 Regulating orientation of satellites - using flywheels operated at speeds avoiding coincidence of resonant frequencies with those of satellite

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19893941654 DE3941654A1 (en) 1989-12-16 1989-12-16 Regulating orientation of satellites - using flywheels operated at speeds avoiding coincidence of resonant frequencies with those of satellite

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
DE3941654A1 true DE3941654A1 (en) 1991-06-20

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5279483A (en) * 1990-12-21 1994-01-18 Aerospatiale Societe Nationale Industrielle Attitude control system for a three-axis stabilized satellite especially a remote sensing satellite
DE19640277A1 (en) * 1996-09-30 1997-03-20 Geuer Mann Ernst Motion damping mechanism for stabilising sea, space or air vehicle
EP0819997A2 (en) * 1996-07-15 1998-01-21 Space Systems / Loral, Inc. Spacecraft attitude control system
FR2803578A1 (en) * 2000-01-10 2001-07-13 Cit Alcatel ENERGY STORAGE DEVICE AND METHOD AND SPATIAL VEHICLE COMPRISING SUCH A DEVICE
DE102019112148A1 (en) * 2019-05-09 2020-11-12 Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. Device and method for damping or generating micro-vibrations

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3207609A1 (en) * 1981-04-11 1982-10-28 Teldix Gmbh, 6900 Heidelberg Flywheel or reaction wheel
DE2746399C2 (en) * 1976-10-27 1983-05-19 Matra, 75116 Paris Attitude control device for spacecraft

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2746399C2 (en) * 1976-10-27 1983-05-19 Matra, 75116 Paris Attitude control device for spacecraft
DE3207609A1 (en) * 1981-04-11 1982-10-28 Teldix Gmbh, 6900 Heidelberg Flywheel or reaction wheel

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5279483A (en) * 1990-12-21 1994-01-18 Aerospatiale Societe Nationale Industrielle Attitude control system for a three-axis stabilized satellite especially a remote sensing satellite
EP0819997A2 (en) * 1996-07-15 1998-01-21 Space Systems / Loral, Inc. Spacecraft attitude control system
EP0819997A3 (en) * 1996-07-15 1998-05-27 Space Systems / Loral, Inc. Spacecraft attitude control system
DE19640277A1 (en) * 1996-09-30 1997-03-20 Geuer Mann Ernst Motion damping mechanism for stabilising sea, space or air vehicle
FR2803578A1 (en) * 2000-01-10 2001-07-13 Cit Alcatel ENERGY STORAGE DEVICE AND METHOD AND SPATIAL VEHICLE COMPRISING SUCH A DEVICE
US6443398B2 (en) 2000-01-10 2002-09-03 Alcatel Redundant energy storage device having momentum wheels
DE102019112148A1 (en) * 2019-05-09 2020-11-12 Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. Device and method for damping or generating micro-vibrations

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