DE3914787A1 - Inductive position sensor measuring linear or rotary movement - has magnetisable core locally saturated by external magnetic field to obtain virtual air gap - Google Patents
Inductive position sensor measuring linear or rotary movement - has magnetisable core locally saturated by external magnetic field to obtain virtual air gapInfo
- Publication number
- DE3914787A1 DE3914787A1 DE19893914787 DE3914787A DE3914787A1 DE 3914787 A1 DE3914787 A1 DE 3914787A1 DE 19893914787 DE19893914787 DE 19893914787 DE 3914787 A DE3914787 A DE 3914787A DE 3914787 A1 DE3914787 A1 DE 3914787A1
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- Germany
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- arrangement according
- encoder arrangement
- movements
- inductors
- coils
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
- G01D5/12—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means
- G01D5/14—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage
- G01D5/20—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage by varying inductance, e.g. by a movable armature
- G01D5/2006—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage by varying inductance, e.g. by a movable armature by influencing the self-induction of one or more coils
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- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Transmission And Conversion Of Sensor Element Output (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft einen Sensor oder Geber mit elektrischer Signalgabe zur Messung von linear oder rotatorisch verlaufenden Bewegungen.The invention relates to a sensor or transmitter with electrical Signaling for measuring linear or rotary ongoing movements.
Solche Geber werden für sehr viele Zwecke benötigt und sind daher in vielfältigster Ausführungsform bekannt. Ebenso werden unterschiedlichste physikalische Prinzipien verwendet.Such donors are needed for many purposes and are therefore known in the most varied of embodiments. Likewise, the most varied of physical principles used.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen solchen Sensor bereitzustellen, der sich bei guter Genauigkeit und hoher Zuverlässigkeit, insbesondere auch bei erhöhten Temperaturen, dennoch durch preiswerte Herstellkosten auszeichnen soll.The invention is based, such Provide sensor that is with good accuracy and high reliability, especially with increased Temperatures, nevertheless through inexpensive manufacturing costs should honor.
Diese Aufgabe wird gelöst durch die kennzeichnenden Teile der Ansprüche 1, 5 und folgende.This task is solved by the characteristic parts of claims 1, 5 and following.
Der Erfindung liegt der Gedankengang zugrunde, daß der nutzbare Hub bei linearen variablen Differentialtransformatoren durch die Länge des verschiebbaren Eisenkerns ungünstig limitiert wird. In anderer Formulierung bedeuted dies, daß für einen vorgegebenen Meß-Hub LVDTs eingesetzt werden müssen, deren Baulänge etwa doppelt so groß ist wie der nutzbare Hub. Diese Problematik läßt sich nun erfindungsgemäß dadurch umgehen, daß der Eisenkern unbeweglich angeordnet wird und sich insgesamt über die Länge von Primär- und Sekundärspulen erstreckt.The invention is based on the idea that the usable stroke with linear variable differential transformers unfavorable due to the length of the movable iron core is limited. In other terms, this means that LVDTs must be used for a given measuring stroke, the overall length of which is about twice as large as the usable stroke. This problem can now be solved according to the invention avoid that the iron core is immovably arranged and itself overall over the length of primary and secondary coils extends.
Das variable Transformationsverhältnis wird erfindungsgemäß durch einen verschiebaren virtuellen Luftspalt 53 bewirkt.According to the invention, the variable transformation ratio is brought about by a shiftable virtual air gap 53 .
Gegenstand der Erfindung ist es daher insbesondere, diesen virtuellen Luftspalt durch Einwirkung eines konzentrierten, eher kleinräumig wirkenden Magnetfeldes auf das Kernmaterial der Spule zu erzeugen.The object of the invention is therefore in particular this virtual air gap by the action of a concentrated, rather small-scale magnetic field to produce the core material of the coil.
Bei Verwendung eines geeigneten Kernmaterials und geeigneten genügend starken Permanent- oder Elektromagneten 51 wird dadurch nämlich lokale Sättigung des Kernmaterials 52 hervorgerufen.When using a suitable core material and suitable sufficiently strong permanent or electromagnets 51 , this causes local saturation of the core material 52 .
Eine solche Sättigung führt bekanntlich dazu, daß überlagerte magnetische Kleinwechselfelder vergleichbare Bedingungen vorfinden, als wenn praktisch kein ferromagnetisches Material existent wäre. Die gleichen Überlegungen gelten für Teilgebiete mit magnetischer Sättigung. Auch hier werden magnetische Kleinwechselfelder so beeinflußt, als wenn ein solches Teilgebiet praktisch keinen Ferromagnetismus mehr besitzt.As is well known, such saturation leads to superimposed magnetic alternating fields comparable conditions as if there was practically no ferromagnetic material would exist. The same considerations apply to Areas with magnetic saturation. Here too magnetic alternating fields are influenced as if such a sub-area practically no ferromagnetism owns more.
Dieser Effekt läßt sich dazu nutzen, einen Transformator mit variablem Transformationsverhältnis zu konstruieren. (Fig. 6) So können zum Beispiel zwei gegenüberliegende Seiten eines Transformatorjochs mit im wesentlicher ebener, flacher Form mit zwei gleichgroßen Spulen bewickelt werden und eine dazwischenliegende Seite mit einer weiteren Spule. Werden die beiden ersten Spulen als gegenphasig arbeitende Primärspulen geschaltet, so wird in der dritten, als Sekundärspule geschalteten Spule keine Spannung induziert (Fig. 11).This effect can be used to construct a transformer with a variable transformation ratio. ( Fig. 6) For example, two opposite sides of a transformer yoke with a substantially flat, flat shape can be wound with two coils of the same size and an intermediate side with another coil. If the first two coils are switched as primary coils operating in phase opposition, then no voltage is induced in the third coil, which is connected as a secondary coil ( FIG. 11).
Dieses Verhalten ändert sich jedoch, wenn wie oben beschrieben durch Permanentmagneteinwirkung auf das Kernmaterial in Nähe der Sekundärspule eine künstliche Asymmetrie eingerichtet wird. (Fig. 11).However, this behavior changes if, as described above, an artificial asymmetry is established by the permanent magnet acting on the core material in the vicinity of the secondary coil. ( Fig. 11).
Unter dieser Voraussetzung wird in der Sekundärspule nämlich die Differenz der Teilspannungen induziert, die sich von den beiden Teilflüssen herleiten, welche durch die Primärspulen erzeugt werden.Under this condition, in the secondary coil namely the difference in the partial voltages induced derive from the two partial rivers, which through the Primary coils are generated.
Die Phasenlage der Sekundärspannung wird sich demzufolge danach richten, welche Primärspule den größeren Einfluß auf die Ausgangsspannung besitzen wird.The phase angle of the secondary voltage will change accordingly judge which primary coil has the greater influence will have on the output voltage.
Die konstruktive Ausgestaltung dieses Prinzips kann auf sehr vielfältige Weise geschehen, da der magnetische Fluß nicht notwendigerweise vollständig durch ferromagnetische Materialien geleitet werden muß, sondern auch als Streufluß durch die Luft geführt werden kann. Somit sind ebene Spulenanordnungen gemäß Fig. 5, 9, 10 genauso verwendbar wie solche mit zylindrischen Oberflächen.The design of this principle can be done in a variety of ways, since the magnetic flux does not necessarily have to be completely conducted through ferromagnetic materials, but can also be conducted as a stray flux through the air. Thus, planar coil configurations are shown in FIG. 5, 9, 10 just as useful as those having cylindrical surfaces.
Ein Vertauschen von Primär- und Sekundärspulen ändert die Wirkungsweise dieser Sensoren nicht prinzipiell, da nur das transformatorische Übersetzungsverhalten beeinflußt wird.Swapping primary and secondary coils changes the Principle of operation of these sensors not because only affects the transformational translation behavior becomes.
Neben den genannten Ausführungsformen mit zwei gegenphasig geschalteten Primärspulen sind natürlich auch Ausführungsformen mit nur einer Primärspule verwendbar. In der Regel werden diese Anordnungen jedoch nicht eine vergleichbar gute Linearität des Ausgangssignals besitzen (bezogen auf die Verschiebung des Sättigungsfeldes). Diesem Nachteil kann erfindungsgemäß dadurch abgeholfen werden, daß entweder die Sekundärspule einen Kern erhält, dessen geometrische Struktur längs der Sekundärspule modifiziert ist, d.h. z. B. schmaler oder breiter oder daß die Sekundärspule mit unterschiedlicher Wicklungsdichte über ihre Länge bewickelt wird.In addition to the above-mentioned embodiments with two opposite phases switched primary coils are of course also embodiments usable with only one primary coil. Usually will however, these arrangements are not a comparable good Have linearity of the output signal (related to the Displacement of the saturation field). This disadvantage can are remedied according to the invention in that either the secondary coil receives a core whose geometric structure is modified along the secondary coil, i.e. e.g. B. narrower or wider or that the secondary coil with different winding density is wound over its length.
Diese Alternativen, die natürlich auch kombiniert werden können, zeigt Fig. 9.These alternatives, which of course can also be combined, are shown in FIG. 9.
Wie sich des weiteren gezeigt hat, existiert eine weitere Linearisierungsmöglichkeit, wenn der Eingangswiderstand der Primärspule bzw. der Ausgangwiderstand der Sekundärspule mit Anpaßimpedanzen, d.h. komplexen Widerständen beschaltet wird (Fig. 7).As has also been shown, there is a further possibility of linearization if the input resistance of the primary coil or the output resistance of the secondary coil is connected to matching impedances, ie complex resistors ( FIG. 7).
Besonders wichtig ist in diesem Zusammenhang die Belastung der Sekundärspule mit einer Kapazität, welche nach konstruktiven Gegebenheiten des Sensors und der Betriebsfrequenz der Primärspule spezifiziert wird.In this context, the Loading of the secondary coil with a capacity which according to the design of the sensor and the Operating frequency of the primary coil is specified.
Unter Berücksichtigung solcher Eingangs- und Ausgangs- Zusatzimpedanzen ist es ferner möglich, den Sensor mit seinen variablen Induktivitätsanteilen in eine Oszillator schaltung einzubauen. Es ergibt sich auf diese Weise eine Schwingfrequenz des Oszillators, die abhängig ist vor der Position des in Sättigung gebrachten Kernmaterials (Fig. 8).Taking into account such additional input and output impedances, it is also possible to install the sensor with its variable inductance components in an oscillator circuit. This results in an oscillation frequency of the oscillator, which is dependent on the position of the core material brought into saturation ( FIG. 8).
Diese Schaltungsanordnung hat den Vorteil, daß auf eine Messung der Sekundärspannung mit analogen, zumeist teuren Mitteln, verzichtet werden kann und stattdessen eine Frequenz- bzw. Impulszeitmessung ausgeführt werden kann. Messungen dieser Art besitzen bekanntlich den Vorteil, daß bei sehr hoher Genauigkeit und Zuverlässigkeit nur geringer meßtechnischer Aufwand erforderlich ist und bei Verwendung eines Mikroprozessorsystems dessen vorhandene Möglichkeiten die Frequenzmessung praktisch ohne Mehrkosten gestatten.This circuit arrangement has the advantage that on a Measurement of the secondary voltage with analog, mostly expensive Means that can be dispensed with and instead one Frequency or pulse time measurement can be carried out. Measurements of this type are known to have the advantage that with very high accuracy and reliability only low metrological effort is required and Using a microprocessor system the existing one Possibilities of frequency measurement practically without additional costs allow.
In einer weiteren Ausgestaltung der Erfindung werden Maßnahmen vorgesehen, die den Einfluß von externen magnetischen Gleich- oder Wechselfeldern reduzieren.In a further embodiment of the invention, measures provided the influence of external magnetic Reduce DC or AC fields.
Dies kann insbesondere durch äußerlich angebrachte Schirmungen erreicht werden, wobei sowohl hochpermeable als auch hoch magnetisierbare Werkstoffe vorgesehen werden sollten. Je nach Erfordernis kann es sich bei solchen Schirm-Teilen um massive oder auch aus Blech gefertigte Teile handeln (Fig. 10).This can be achieved in particular by means of externally attached shields, both highly permeable and highly magnetizable materials being provided. Depending on the requirements, such shield parts can be solid parts or parts made from sheet metal ( FIG. 10).
Claims (10)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE19893914787 DE3914787A1 (en) | 1989-05-05 | 1989-05-05 | Inductive position sensor measuring linear or rotary movement - has magnetisable core locally saturated by external magnetic field to obtain virtual air gap |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE19893914787 DE3914787A1 (en) | 1989-05-05 | 1989-05-05 | Inductive position sensor measuring linear or rotary movement - has magnetisable core locally saturated by external magnetic field to obtain virtual air gap |
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DE3914787A1 true DE3914787A1 (en) | 1990-11-08 |
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DE19893914787 Withdrawn DE3914787A1 (en) | 1989-05-05 | 1989-05-05 | Inductive position sensor measuring linear or rotary movement - has magnetisable core locally saturated by external magnetic field to obtain virtual air gap |
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Cited By (21)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5204621A (en) * | 1990-02-08 | 1993-04-20 | Papst-Motoren Gmbh & Co. Kg | Position sensor employing a soft magnetic core |
WO2000057036A1 (en) * | 1999-03-23 | 2000-09-28 | Daimlerchrysler Ag | Device with an electromagnetic actuator |
WO2001030637A1 (en) * | 1999-10-27 | 2001-05-03 | Siemens Automotive S.A. | Electronic steering column module |
FR2800460A1 (en) * | 1999-10-27 | 2001-05-04 | Siemens Automotive Sa | Electronic steering column-mounted module for motor vehicles, uses magnetic coupling to detect steering column rotation and operation of control levers to provide control information and information for steering assistance |
FR2800459A1 (en) * | 1999-10-27 | 2001-05-04 | Siemens Automotive Sa | Differential coupled non contact linear or angular moving magnet flat inductive type position sensor for automobile control systems or motors |
FR2800457A1 (en) * | 1999-10-27 | 2001-05-04 | Siemens Automotive Sa | Manufacture of non-contact analog position sensor for car includes applying printed circuit material to substrate; circuit includes spiral coil and metallic layer(s) with magnetic properties |
FR2800458A1 (en) * | 1999-10-27 | 2001-05-04 | Siemens Automotive Sa | Electronic steering column-mounted module for motor vehicles, uses magnetic coupling to detect steering column rotation and operation of control levers to provide control information and information for steering assistance |
WO2001040736A1 (en) * | 1999-12-01 | 2001-06-07 | Siemens Automotive S.A. | Analog sensor for contact-free angular offset sensing |
FR2803030A1 (en) * | 1999-12-22 | 2001-06-29 | Siemens Automotive Sa | Non-contact analogue position sensor has a ferromagnetic conducting track with a moving magnet that moves over the track with the measured inductance indicating the position of the magnet on the track |
US6605939B1 (en) | 1999-09-08 | 2003-08-12 | Siemens Vdo Automotive Corporation | Inductive magnetic saturation displacement sensor |
US6714004B2 (en) | 2000-05-24 | 2004-03-30 | Balluff Gmbh | Inductive position measuring system |
DE10044839B4 (en) * | 1999-09-27 | 2004-04-15 | Siemens Ag | Inductive position sensor |
US6828780B2 (en) | 2001-05-01 | 2004-12-07 | Balluff Gmbh | Position measuring system having an inductive element arranged on a flexible support |
WO2007003913A2 (en) * | 2005-06-30 | 2007-01-11 | Sensopad Limited | Position sensing apparatus and method |
WO2008032008A1 (en) * | 2006-09-14 | 2008-03-20 | Sagentia Limited | Position sensor |
DE102008011971A1 (en) * | 2008-02-29 | 2009-09-03 | Kuhnke Automotive Gmbh & Co. Kg | Magnetic position sensor system has magnet and sensor which is arranged relative to each other in movable manner, where sensor has soft magnetic core, on which two separately-spaced coil pairs are arranged |
DE102008035326A1 (en) * | 2008-07-22 | 2010-01-28 | Balluff Gmbh | Distance/position measuring device for detection of clamping position of spindle drive, has sensor device extending in direction, where enveloped plane is inclined towards direction and/or coil axis is inclined towards another coil axis |
CN100592036C (en) * | 2004-03-08 | 2010-02-24 | 微一埃普西龙测量技术有限两合公司 | Contactless displacement measuring system |
DE102008063528A1 (en) | 2008-12-18 | 2010-06-24 | Micro-Epsilon Messtechnik Gmbh & Co. Kg | Sensor arrangement and method for determining the position and / or position change of a measurement object |
US7868609B2 (en) | 2004-03-01 | 2011-01-11 | Sagentia Limited | Position sensor |
US8710827B2 (en) | 2008-03-19 | 2014-04-29 | Sagentia Limited | Processing circuitry for use with a position sensor |
-
1989
- 1989-05-05 DE DE19893914787 patent/DE3914787A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (29)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5204621A (en) * | 1990-02-08 | 1993-04-20 | Papst-Motoren Gmbh & Co. Kg | Position sensor employing a soft magnetic core |
DE4103603C2 (en) * | 1990-02-08 | 2003-09-11 | Papst Licensing Gmbh & Co Kg | Position sensor for detecting linear or rotary movements of a part |
WO2000057036A1 (en) * | 1999-03-23 | 2000-09-28 | Daimlerchrysler Ag | Device with an electromagnetic actuator |
US6605939B1 (en) | 1999-09-08 | 2003-08-12 | Siemens Vdo Automotive Corporation | Inductive magnetic saturation displacement sensor |
DE10044839B4 (en) * | 1999-09-27 | 2004-04-15 | Siemens Ag | Inductive position sensor |
WO2001030637A1 (en) * | 1999-10-27 | 2001-05-03 | Siemens Automotive S.A. | Electronic steering column module |
FR2800460A1 (en) * | 1999-10-27 | 2001-05-04 | Siemens Automotive Sa | Electronic steering column-mounted module for motor vehicles, uses magnetic coupling to detect steering column rotation and operation of control levers to provide control information and information for steering assistance |
FR2800459A1 (en) * | 1999-10-27 | 2001-05-04 | Siemens Automotive Sa | Differential coupled non contact linear or angular moving magnet flat inductive type position sensor for automobile control systems or motors |
FR2800457A1 (en) * | 1999-10-27 | 2001-05-04 | Siemens Automotive Sa | Manufacture of non-contact analog position sensor for car includes applying printed circuit material to substrate; circuit includes spiral coil and metallic layer(s) with magnetic properties |
FR2800458A1 (en) * | 1999-10-27 | 2001-05-04 | Siemens Automotive Sa | Electronic steering column-mounted module for motor vehicles, uses magnetic coupling to detect steering column rotation and operation of control levers to provide control information and information for steering assistance |
WO2001040736A1 (en) * | 1999-12-01 | 2001-06-07 | Siemens Automotive S.A. | Analog sensor for contact-free angular offset sensing |
US6653828B2 (en) | 1999-12-01 | 2003-11-25 | Siemens Vdo Automotive | Analog sensor for contact-free angular offset sensing |
FR2801969A1 (en) * | 1999-12-01 | 2001-06-08 | Siemens Automotive Sa | NON-CONTACT ANGLE SHIFT ANALOG SENSOR |
FR2803030A1 (en) * | 1999-12-22 | 2001-06-29 | Siemens Automotive Sa | Non-contact analogue position sensor has a ferromagnetic conducting track with a moving magnet that moves over the track with the measured inductance indicating the position of the magnet on the track |
US6714004B2 (en) | 2000-05-24 | 2004-03-30 | Balluff Gmbh | Inductive position measuring system |
US6828780B2 (en) | 2001-05-01 | 2004-12-07 | Balluff Gmbh | Position measuring system having an inductive element arranged on a flexible support |
US7868609B2 (en) | 2004-03-01 | 2011-01-11 | Sagentia Limited | Position sensor |
EP1721130B2 (en) † | 2004-03-01 | 2014-04-30 | Sagentia Limited | Position sensor |
CN100592036C (en) * | 2004-03-08 | 2010-02-24 | 微一埃普西龙测量技术有限两合公司 | Contactless displacement measuring system |
WO2007003913A2 (en) * | 2005-06-30 | 2007-01-11 | Sensopad Limited | Position sensing apparatus and method |
WO2007003913A3 (en) * | 2005-06-30 | 2007-05-03 | Sensopad Ltd | Position sensing apparatus and method |
WO2008032008A1 (en) * | 2006-09-14 | 2008-03-20 | Sagentia Limited | Position sensor |
DE102008011971A1 (en) * | 2008-02-29 | 2009-09-03 | Kuhnke Automotive Gmbh & Co. Kg | Magnetic position sensor system has magnet and sensor which is arranged relative to each other in movable manner, where sensor has soft magnetic core, on which two separately-spaced coil pairs are arranged |
US8710827B2 (en) | 2008-03-19 | 2014-04-29 | Sagentia Limited | Processing circuitry for use with a position sensor |
EP2211149A1 (en) | 2008-07-22 | 2010-07-28 | BALLUFF GmbH | Route/position measurement device |
DE102008035326A1 (en) * | 2008-07-22 | 2010-01-28 | Balluff Gmbh | Distance/position measuring device for detection of clamping position of spindle drive, has sensor device extending in direction, where enveloped plane is inclined towards direction and/or coil axis is inclined towards another coil axis |
WO2010069285A2 (en) | 2008-12-18 | 2010-06-24 | Micro-Epsilon Messtechnik Gmbh & Co. Kg | Sensor arrangement and method for determining the position and/or change in position of a measurement object |
DE102008063528A1 (en) | 2008-12-18 | 2010-06-24 | Micro-Epsilon Messtechnik Gmbh & Co. Kg | Sensor arrangement and method for determining the position and / or position change of a measurement object |
US8736255B2 (en) | 2008-12-18 | 2014-05-27 | Micro-Epsilon Messtechnik Gmbh & Co. Kg | Sensor arrangement and method for determining the position and/or change in position of a measurement object |
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