DE389636C - Control arrangement for dynamo machines with a counter compound winding - Google Patents

Description

Control arrangement for dynamo machines with a counter compound winding. The invention relates to a contactor switching device for dynamo machines, which feed a mains circuit that is subject to short circuits using a dynamic dynamic electrical system running at essentially constant speed .Machine that supplies the electricity to the grid. The machine is with a shunt field winding and a differential field winding which is in series with the mains circuit is switched. According to the invention, a control arrangement is made to the Excitation of the shunt to react in such a way that the maximum value of this Excitation which can be obtained with the differential field winding, one such is to keep the current yield of the machine below a predetermined value, causing damage as a result of round fire, overloads, short circuits and the like. be prevented.

The arrangement .according to the invention is particularly suitable for railway power stations and power plants in general and can be used for automatic substations Find use where repeated or continuous short circuits can occur and where it is desirable that the machine still be connected to the mains circuit remain. Another purpose of the li.rfiii (luii @ is to be a control device to create, which allows that the voltage to be regulated -machine a certain Voltage clarity is maintained as long as the current yield of the machine is below a predetermined value. This makes the -Laschin.e a constant Current characteristic given when the load has a predetermined value exceeds.

Another purpose of the invention is to provide a control device zti create uni deli current to limit what arrangement rapid changes that in the magnetic flow take place, ensuring round fires as a result sudden short circuits is avoided. A control arrangement fit further provided, which comes into operation, the generator voltage is restored in a short unit of time to amplify and to bring up, with a reversal of the current, following on a eliminated short circuit.

The invention is shown in the "drawings, for example, namely Fig. r shows a circuit diagram of the Finrichtung of the invention to the To regulate voltage manually.

Fig.2 is a circuit diagram in which an auxiliary source is a E. ' . K. werwen- <let will.

3 is another embodiment. at which a vibration regulator after which Tirrel-T-p is needed.

Fig..I is an arrangement in which the voltage through a contact-making Voltmeter is regulated, which finitely a contact-making in a certain V erliii tnis Ammeter cooperates.

Fig. § is a further embodiment of the invention, Fig. 6 a Construction arrangement of the generator, uni rapid change in the magnetic Ensure flow.

With reference to the Abh i, a direct current generator is equipped with an Anker.i, which is approached finitely constant speed in a suitable manner, uni a mains circuit 2, 3 to which the power consumers 1 are arranged in parallel. These power consumers can be, for example, machines or motors for driving railway vehicles. The generator is provided with a: \ ebenschltißwick-Iung 5 and a differential main-circuit winding 6. Any known means can be provided to adjust the strength of the main circuit winding 6. Such a device is shown in the drawing as an adjustable resistor; illustrated, which is placed in X. shunt to winding 6. Furthermore, known devices can be made to change the strength of the shunt winding 5. Such a device is shown in the drawing as a rheostat, consisting of the resistor 8 and the movable arm 9. An adjustable stop is provided for the movement of the arm: 9 in, the direction to switch off this resistance 8 limited: i. so that the shunt winding cannot be strengthened any further.

The operation of this arrangement is f (-) lgen; le. If the on your Generator lying load grows, the main circuit winding 6 endeavors that weaken the generator's magnetic coat, thereby reducing the tension the 'machine falls off. This can be done within the limits of the machine's capacity Voltage drop through amplification, counteracted by shunt excitation are turned by turning the arm q of the rheostat to switch off the resistor 8, whereby the current flowing through the winding 5 is increased. The stop ro is now set this way. let it finitely engage your Arin 9. Weini the desired Machine capacity limit reached: is. Any further growth (ler The load will increase the opposite effect of the main circuit winding t @, without (leave a compilation part, le corresponding gain in the final field winding 5 entry. The voltage of the generator is therefore suppressed and the The generator's current capacity is limited. When the load fills. then the electromotive force of the main closing field winding 6 also fall and the voltage the generator; we.1 rise. In this way it is achieved -! Ate if we were on a leash beforehand certain load has been reached by positioning, the stop io. the Machine then essentially as a generator ar; @itet that .a constant stream generated. The machine is thus relieved from absorbing an overload. even when short circuits occur. There (lie main conclusion, differentia development 6 is traversed by a mains current, this winding is immediately passed through (-las Increase in the current influences and (the whole of Swstein is therefore against thermal loads protected even when repeated or continuous short circuits occur. The arrangement is therefore particularly suitable for autonomous substations, in which it is desirable that the cii.e machine finite the Netzl: elasticity stays in touch. With this arrangement, it is not necessary at high speed Stroin sub-brecliers operating, run-fire protection apparatus or Install similar protective devices that would otherwise be used in these facilities Find.

With automatic substations. are the facilities for regulation the strength of the shunt field winding 5 is usually set to work automatically, to regulate the voltage characteristics of the machine. Such automatic regulators are described below.

In the event that other generators are connected to mains circuit 2 and 3 are connected, there is a tendency for the mains current to reverse through the winding 6, when the short circuit has been removed, and the generator voltage let it rise again until equilibrium has been reached, as the reverse Current causes winding 6 to have the effect: it supports shunt field winding 5.

In Fig. 2 a device according to the invention is made in which a special power source of electromotive force is connected in the circuit with the shunt winding 5 in order to assist in the amplification of the magnetic field flow. In order to have a quick action in the event of a short circuit, it is necessary to add a special excitation to the normal shunt excitation. This particular Ouelle of excitation is in Fig.2 by that Üsleichstromqgell ii-e and 12 are shown which are connected through the resistor. 13 One terminal of the shunt winding 5 is connected to the adjustable contact 14 which finitely works together with the resistor 13 to switch any desired value of an emf to the shunt field winding 5. The electromotive auxiliary force of the winding is effective in the same direction as the electromotive force which runs through the machine in the shunt winding 5. An adjustable stop 15 is provided to limit the amount of EMF that can be switched into the shunt field circuit.

In Fig. 3 an arrangement of the invention is shown in which automatically acting means are provided to the voltage of the electromotive To regulate auxiliary power according to the voltage of the machine. With this arrangement the power source of the E. M. K. shown as a special exciter 16, with a. Shunt field winding 17 is provided. The excitation of the winding 17 is through a vibration regulator controlled by the Tirrel type, this regulator consists of a contact 18, which is subject to the action of a winding i9, which is connected in parallel to the terminals of the machine. A mating contact is 2o arranged, which is influenced by a coil 2i- parallel to the terminals of the exciter 16 -switched. The contacts ig and 2o regulate the. Circuit .des Relay consisting of a coil 22 which is parallel to the exciter terminals. The Vi.brätionskontaktarnn 23 of the relay is arranged to do a shunt circuit around the adjustable resistor 24. in the circuit of the exciter shunt field winding i7 to influence. This regulator can be of any known shape - for example be built according to your Tirrel type and Zvakts to keep the generator voltage constant to keep. The relay armature 23 oscillates continuously during operation. When the resistance 2.:E is short-circuited, then the excitation voltage increases, and if this short-circuit is canceled, the excitation voltage falls. The relative duration of the periods of the Intervention and the release of the short-circuit contacts of the relay determines the voltage of the exciter and thereby the voltage of the generator. An adjustable resistance 25 may be provided in the circuit of winding i9 so that the voltage of the Generator can be set to any desired value. It is known, in such devices a winding in series with your mains supply circuit switch that works with the winding icg 7tisaminen to rlem generator any to give certain voltage characteristics. It can be seen that the winding ig can be connected to any point on the mains supply 2, 3, at which point it is necessary to maintain a certain amount of tension. In .der: -'- b1) .3 a contact arrangement is shown; consisting of a switch 26, the through the coil 27 is influenced, which is connected in series with the mains circuit is. This contact arrangement is such that it normally shorts the winding 6. When there is an increase in the mains circuit, the coil 27 actuates the switch 26s to clear the short circuit in winding 6, and thereby switch on the winding, to decrease the voltage of the generator.

The operation of the device shown in Fig. 3 is as follows. As the voltage increases, winding i9 lifts its core and moves the contact 18 so, that is, it comes into engagement with contact 20. This intervention closes the Circuit of the relay coil 22, which attracts the armature 23, and the resistance 24. in the circuit with the excitation field winding 17 switches on to the excitation voltage to reduce and thereby weaken the shunt field winding 5. This Downgrade (I: exciter unit weakens: the coil -, i iles regulators. so the 1 # ecler 28, left li () ntakts 2 (i and r8 of each other separates. The weakening of the tension in the generator also has a weakening effect Effect on the coil ic) to separate the l @ () litai, t t8 from clean contact 20. This "separation of the contacts 1 8 ulr-1 _20 causes the relay armature 23 again is brought into (lie position, where he (len resistance: l 24 short-circuits to the excitation voltage to avail. [in operation, the damping device, ittlllg 29, causes the contact 28 assumes a position which is dependent on the generator voltage, during the Contact 2o, which is controlled by the exciter, in and out of contact no contact 18 oscillates. The \ Viderstand'24 is set so that it rier The voltage attack for the excitation of the coil rg becomes so angry that it is nasty at its core can no longer lift. As a result, the maximum voltage of the exciter, it @ bis limited to a certain value. This basic tension occurs when according to the sixl> en stated condition (let contacts 18 and 2o remain separated and resistor 24 is continuously short-circuited. Beyond this point; into «-Ard the Differialliauptschlusswickhing E effective, tiiii (lie Spannhag of the generator reduce zti, oInie any compensatory effect finite relation to: f (read Allwachsen 4 to cause irritation. When the contact arrangement established by clen Mains current affected; virile, iiielit were present, then the winding would (i to be in 'I. "activity, as it is called your;, clialttiligsscheina Ier ebb is. L '; 11 (If the regulating effect of the exciter is to be limited, it is -lie Netzstronikontakteinrichtuug aligeordtlet, whereby the effect of the winding 6 is switched off, when currents occur that are below a l: .e; ti.niniteil value. This value can be set are changed by changing the adjustable resistor 30, the ini shunt to coil 2; lies. If this hestininite current strength is exceeded, then the \ Vicklung 6 is switched on immediately and acts so that the generafor voltage falls, maintaining a reduced tension as much as vain f'circuit overload occurs. As soon as the overload stops, The contact device closes the differential winding again briefly. That in the Ahh. 3 therefore acts as follows: all the regulating characteristics of the Constant voltage generator to the Kolitaktstroni Lei of a Lestinnuten overload changed tvircl.

In the Abh. 4 a further embodiment of the invention is shown, hei rreger is placed directly on the r. In this case the madman forms one which delivers constant. The tension can be adjusted by a rheostat 32 «-Earth, which is in the circuit of the circuit field winding 33. The germ is parallel to the Klenunen de; ider-Iem resistance stan, Ies 3d. switched which Circuit diagram of the AIW. 2 ert corresponds. In this case «-ira of greed electromotive, serve to excite-; len auxiliary forces set by the control motor 35, which with the opposing windings 36 and 3 interconnected Fe can be seen. A contacting Voltmeter 38 is connected in parallel with the network electronics circuit 2, 3. one If the mains voltage falls, that of the voltmeter comes with .Io in lem around the circuit of the control motor: to close the winding 37, causing the contact to move to the right is used to stimulate E. Vi. K. to enlarge. one of the chip, he Bontakt with the Krantakt voltage comant in the opposite wound around a circuit To close the short-circuit winding 36, see that the control motor is running in the other. A Kontaktarnpereineter is switched on in the mains circuit 3, this is inpereereinstell Example meter in wise by an adjustable secondary clip. to get in touch for to keep all currents closed, d@er.en uten beforehand Worth lying. It is that the circuit of the control motor from the power line 3 through the contact arm d. of the contact ammeter through contact arm never connection d.5 closed of the hontaktvoltmebers leads. The Stranlhreis steering motor is controlled by arm 3g the c for one of the windings 36 or 35, which are closed to a terminal of the exciter. The other of the causative agent is by lead; 3 connected with beer. At this The movement is used to increase the tension by engaging the arm 3g with the contact d.o this is dependent on the intervention of: firmes d.

with cream contact d.3. R'eim, however, who exceeds the previously determined value, leaves the contact .1d. the contact so @ leave the contact voltmeter except for Tatigh.cit occurs to further increase the generator voltage. Wine required, a contact can 48 to be arranged at cm, nin through the .z <, ontäktarrn 44 .bei a certain overload to intervene. This contact is arranged uin the control motor in one. Direction to push down the generator voltage. To accomplish this purpose, the contact 48 is, as shown, with the contact 41 connected so that the current. of the control motor 36 either via the contact 41 or 43 can be closed. A current limit switch 49 is in your circuit #ler winding 36 is provided in order to open the circuit of the control motor when the contact arm 3q. ' has reached its extreme left-hand position, where the for Electromotive auxiliary force serving excitation from the electrical circuit of the circuit 5 is turned off. This flow restriction switch can be set so that to open, albeit the electromotive force serving for excitation in the Circuit has been reduced to a certain N '@ Tert which is greater than zero to allow the machine to re-energize more easily can when the congestion stops. In any of the illustrated embodiments Compensation and commutator windings can be used. In Fig. ¢ is a commutator winding is provided to neutralize the armature reaction. These W ickluna is denoted by 5o-, while the commutator winding: un.g to reduce of the fire as on the brushes is marked with 51: The operation of the in Fig. 4 is understandable from the above. The; contact-making voltmeter 38 works to keep the generator voltage constant until a certain one Energy yield has been achieved. After the voltmeter goes out of action, in order to increase the voltage and the contact-making ammeter .42 is activated in the event of a certain overload also come into action to reduce the differential winding 6 to depress the voltage of the generator.

The embodiment shown in Fig. 5 differs from that in Fig. D. illustrated device in that the Kontaktgel.ende ammeter is omitted, other arrangements are made to limit the effect of the control motor when the shunt field excitation increases. The arrangement also consists of a contact device which is influenced by the mains current in order to control a shunt of a part of the main circuit winding. In this embodiment, the contact-making voltmeter-p is arranged to move the arm 53, which comes into engagement with the contact 54 in the event of a voltage drop, in order to close the circuit of the control motor through the winding 37, so that the motor runs in a direction in which an increase in the electromotive force takes place in the auxiliary circuit used for excitation. When the voltage increases, the arm 53 comes into engagement with the contact 55 to close the Stzuermotor circuit through the winding 36 and to move the contact arm 34 '. This reduces the electromotive force of the excitation circuit. A current limit switch 45 is located in the circuit of the winding 36 to have the same effect as the current limit switch 49 of FIG 37 limited. The maximum value of the electromotive force, which is used for auxiliary excitation, which is switched on in the circuit, can be limited either by setting the current limit switch 56 or by setting the rheostat 32 in the field of the exciter 31. A coil 57 and a contact 58 are arranged to control a shunt circuit of a portion 59 of the differential main field winding. The other part 6o of this winding is permanently in the circuit. An induction resistor 61 is connected in shunt with the part 6o of the differential main circuit winding in order to increase the sensitivity of the effect of this winding in the event of a sudden change in current intensity. to enlarge. An adjustable resistor 6a can be shunted to the coil 57 to adjust the action of this coil.

The arrangement shown in FIG. 5 works in such a way that a constant voltage is maintained on the generator by the action of the contact voltmeter 52 . The part 6o of the differential main field winding, which is permanently in the circuit, tries to suppress the voltage; with an increase in the mains current, but this effect is compensated by the action of the voltage regulator. Since the shunt 61 acts inductively for the part 6o of the differential winding, any change in the current in the mains circuit will produce a relatively larger change in the current - in the series field winding, whereby the speed and sensitivity of the regulation for rapid current changes is increased. When the predetermined limit of the load on the machine has been reached, the current limit switch 56 is opened to prevent the contact-making voltmeter from further increasing the shunt field excitation. If at any time the current yield exceeds the previously determined value, the contact cancels the shunt of the part 5 <9 of the series field winding, so that: This winding becomes effective to depress the voltage, as in the arrangement shown in Fig. 3 is illustrated. 1: It can be seen that, if desired, the contact device which regulates the shunt circuit of the series field (Fig. 3 and 5) can be provided with a resistor, which acts either inductively or non-inductively to to operate certain value while the current is below the previously determined value for which (the contact device is set.

In order to achieve rapid fluctuations or changes in the magnetic flow and to prevent a round fire as a result of sudden short circuits, the series field winding must be brought as close as possible to the pole tip. This arrangement is shown in Fig. The shunt field winding is marked with 65 l: e, while the differential main field windings are marked finite 66. The magnetic flow change can take place even faster through Ancyr (opening of a magnetic shunt between the poles and between the series winding and the yoke. Such a magnetic shunt is in the AM). 6 with 6; designated. With this arrangement, if there is a sudden increase in the load, a number of magnetic forces will arise in opposition to the magnetic shunt force. The magnetic flow in the field frame need not suddenly change in its value zii, but can be shifted from its balance by the armature to a path through the magnetic shunt 67. In this way, a very rapid drop in the magnetic flow through the armature can be generated and the generator voltage can consequently be changed very quickly. An air space must be provided between the poles and the magnetic shunt to limit magnetic flow loss under normal operating conditions.

Claims (5)

PATENT-AI PROBLEMS i. Control arrangement for dynamoni machines with a Counter compound winding and an automatic or manually operated control device for the shunt field to prevent round fire in the event of short circuits, characterized in that, that an adjustable limiting device is provided for the bypass control is. so that the shunt excitation does not rise above a minimum limit can, whereby the compensation for the counteraction of the series field winding is canceled will. 2. Control arrangement according to claim i, characterized in that the series field winding .by devices as long as a certain overload is not reached, ineffective remains, but when this load is exceeded it becomes effective at a constant level Maintain maximum power output regardless of the power generated in the network Short circuits. 3. Control arrangement according to claim 2, wherein in the mains circuit the dynamo machine has a live contact ammeter, characterized in that that the ammeter works together with the automatic voltage regulator to the near-circuit field excitation. no further with a previously determined load to increase or decrease. a. Control arrangement according to claim r to 3, characterized (-leave from a with beer shunt winding of the dynamo machine connected auxiliary power source switched on so much when the field weakened what remains is that the purity of the machine is supported, whereby the tension of the Machine quickly when there is a change in current following a short circuit can own again. 5. Rule, ungsanordnun g according to claim i to d., Characterized marked, <let the mating compound winding with a shunt arrangement and an adjustable relay according to the power output of the machine is to switch off the shunt at a certain increase in the mains current, and by making the countercompound development fully effective.