DE3835045A1 - Single-sheet textile spacer material, layered product manufactured therefrom, and manufacture thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

Textile sheet material with spacers present on one or both sides of a base material. The spacers are formed by coarse-denier threads fixed on the base material.

Description

The present invention optionally relates to resin-coated, Textile fabrics made of a flat, textile Basic material with one or both sides Spacers, which are fixed on the base material, coarse titre threads are formed. It also affects one Process for their preparation, their use and the made using these fabrics Laminates.

So-called spacer fabrics are known from EP-PS 00 47 443 known. These materials consist of two themselves short distance parallel textiles Sheets formed by spacer filaments that extend extend between the two textile fabrics and alternately partially part of one and the other Are in a certain distance fixed from each other. These materials will be double sided coated liquid-tight, mainly as Heat exchanger elements used or in uncoated Condition z. B. used for impact sound insulation. The Manufacturing this double-face spacer fabric is relatively complicated and therefore requires a relatively high Price of these products.

The present invention now relates to a textile Flat structures made of a flat, textile Basic material with one or both sides Spacers, whose spacers from on the Base material fixed coarse-titer threads are formed. In contrast to the known spacer fabrics, at which are between two textile surfaces Extend spacer filaments, sometimes one, sometimes belong to the other surface, are the invention Textile fabrics with one surface and indicate or spacer threads on both sides, on the surface  of the base material, are fixed there and their Diameter determines the distance to which the surface of the Basic material of the textile according to the invention Fabric can approach other surfaces.

The basic textile material on which the rough Spacer threads are attached, can be a solidified Scrim, a knitted fabric, e.g. B. a knitted fabric, a Raschelware or be a dense tissue.

The diameter of the coarse-titer threads that the distance between the base material and other surfaces determine is 0.5 to 5 mm, preferably 1 to 3 mm.

The coarse-titer threads are on the textile Base material arranged in such a way that it covers the entire Support the surface as evenly as possible. For this they become statistically uniform over the entire area of the basic textile material. This distribution can be done so that it is a random pattern without repeat or form a pattern with repeat. A random pattern without Repeat would be given, for example, if a Spacer thread in a non-repetitive Snake line on the surface of the textile Base material is fixed in such a way that each under Use load in deformable surface element by a sufficient number of thread sections supported becomes. For example, a pattern with repeat would be an im Distance from each other repeating meandering Thread arrangement or one at a distance from each other repeating zigzag arrangement.

However, the coarse threads are preferably in one linear grid arrangement on the textile fabric statistically distributed. That means the rough ones  Threads spaced apart from each other essentially in a straight line and run parallel and the distance between them is constant or with a relatively low statistical Scatter fluctuates by a medium distance. In a such a linear grid arrangement, the distance of the parallel coarse threads chosen so that too here an even support of the fabric another flat surface can be and is in usually 2 to 10 mm, depending on the thickness of the coarse threads and deformability of the textile fabric. The distance between the coarse threads is preferably 1 to 3 mm. In a preferred embodiment the coarse threads on both sides of the base material present in a linear arrangement and extend into the same direction. Another preferred embodiment also shows the coarse threads on both sides of the Fabric, but the directions in cross the threads.

The arrangement of the coarse spacer threads in the form of a linear grating is particularly preferred when that The basic material of the textile fabric is a woven fabric. In this case, it is particularly useful Embodiment the one in which the rough ones Spacer threads in the direction of the warp threads and / or in Extend the direction of the wefts.

Figs. 1 to 5 illustrate schematically the above and the following statements on the objects of the present invention.

Fig. 1 shows schematically an inventive textile fabric ( 1 ) consisting of the base material ( 2 ) and coarse titer spacer threads ( 3 ) fixed on one side.

Fig. 2 schematically illustrates a fabric according to the invention ( 1 a) made of a base material ( 2 ) and coarse-titer spacer threads ( 3 ) fixed thereon on both sides.

Fig. 3a illustrates an inventive textile fabric (1 b), wherein on the base material (2), the spacer threads (3) are fixed in random order without repeat.

FIG. 3b illustrates an inventive textile fabric (1 c), the coarse denier spacer threads (3) are arranged in a meandering pattern in which on the base material (2).

Fig. 3c illustrates an inventive textile fabric (1 d), a linear grating arranged in which on the base material (2) the coarse denier spacer threads (3) in shape.

FIG. 4 illustrates the weaving diagram of a textile fabric ( 1 ) according to the invention, which has two coarse-tipped spacer threads ( 3 ) in the cutout shown. In this diagram, threads running in the warp direction are drawn in white, those running in the weft direction are drawn in black.

FIGS. 5a-5f shows so-called exploded view of the inventive laminates that are (a 1) and optionally layers (4) composed of the inventive fabrics by spacer threads (1) and / or. The arrows indicated to the right of the individual layers show how the individual layers are joined to form the laminate according to the invention.

The coarse spacer threads can be on the textile Base material to be attached in a conventional manner. For example, they can be preferably elastic  permanent adhesive glue. You can but also sewn on or provided the base material is a Tissue is, through suitable weaving processes, directly in the textile base material to be woven. In the the latter type of fastening are rough Spacer threads, of course, either in the direction the warp threads and / or the weft threads.

As material for the fabrics according to the invention basically all natural and synthetic fibers come into consideration. With regard to the higher Strength properties, however, are the textile fabrics according to the invention Synthetic fibers such as B. polyamides, polyacrylonitrile or Polyesters made. Particularly preferred for production the textile materials according to the invention are polyesters, especially polyethylene terephthalate and here in particular such well-known types that have particularly high strength values exhibit.

Another object of the present invention are textile fabrics described above with one or spacers on both sides, with a thermoplastic material or a thermosetting resin are impregnated. The resin content can be selected as required will. There is a resin content for most applications from 20-70%, preferably 35 to 55%, based on the resinated material, proven.

In principle, as thermoplastic coating agents all conventional, flexible coating agents are used will. A variety of masses can therefore be considered such as B. polyethylene, polypropylene, especially the soft, flexible varieties, polyvinyl chloride, more natural or synthetic rubber such. B. polychloroprene, Butyl rubber or polyurethane fluororubber. Preferred thermoplastic coatings are based on  Polyethylene, polypropylene and in particular based on Get polyvinyl chloride (PVC).

Resin-impregnated ones are particularly preferred textile fabrics according to the invention, which with a Novolak of a phenol-formaldehyde resin or a melamine Formaldehyde resin are soaked. Such novolaks are in known in large numbers and can be found in commercially available Qualities are used. The equipment of the Textile fabrics according to the invention with said curable novolaks are particularly preferred because because these novolaks as phenol formaldehyde or melamine Formaldehyde precondensates have the property when Warm up first to go through a melting phase, then with further heat to infusible masses harden. This property comes to the intended one Use of the textile fabrics according to the invention in particularly contrary. The use of such is preferred Thermosetting resins that can also be found under little or under do not let pressure harden without bubbles.

The textile fabrics according to the invention are produced by on a textile base material, such as. B. a solid scrim, knitted fabric, knitted fabric or preferably a fabric made of the desired fiber material on one or both sides attached the coarse spacer threads. The attachment can be done by gluing or sewing. If a fabric is used as the base material for the production of the flat structures according to the invention, it is preferred to weave the coarse spacer threads directly into the goods. For this purpose, for example, every n th warp thread or every n th weft thread can be formed by one of the coarse spacer threads; n means a number from 3 to 15, preferably 5 to 10. The desired elevation of the coarse spacer threads above the level of the textile base fabric can be brought about by the fact that in the event that the coarse spacer thread has been drawn in as a warp thread, the majority of the Weft threads are drawn under the warp thread and only a considerably smaller number of weft threads are placed at a distance above the coarse warp thread, in the event that the coarse spacer thread is used as a weft thread, most of the warp threads under the coarse weft thread and only a small part of the Warp threads are placed at a distance over the weft. In order to achieve a sufficient elevation of the coarse spacer threads over the level of the textile base fabric, it is expedient to choose the ratio of the number of crossing threads running underneath and overlying threads between 10: 1 and 5: 1.

Analogously, it is also possible to use a grid arranged coarse spacer threads in the same Direction, depending on the setting of the number of below or above crossing threads on the Bottom or top or alternately on the Top and bottom of the surface of the textile Let the base fabric emerge. It is also in analogously possible, alternating the rough ones Spacer threads as warp threads and as weft threads in the Production of the fabric according to the invention insert and the ratios of the numbers below and guided above the spacer threads Crossing threads is set so that the directions the one on the top and the bottom of the textile Cross the flat spacer threads.

For the production of the resinous textiles according to the invention Sheets are made by one of the above Textile materials obtained with a process thermoplastic or a thermosetting resin impregnated. Impregnation with thermoplastic Materials can be made in that they are in the form of Powders are incorporated into the textile material or  by dividing the textile material into a dispersion, preferably an aqueous dispersion, the thermoplastic in a known manner z. B. by spraying, Brushed, dipped or splashed impregnated. The Impregnation with thermosetting resins is advisable with the commercially available aqueous solutions of these products, which also in the usual way, preferably by Spraying or dipping can be done. He follows the impregnation of the material from liquid preparations the resins, there follows a drying process, which at Application of thermosets made at a temperature where the thermoset cannot harden under any circumstances.

The impregnation is carried out so that the for intended use of resin required on the Textile material is applied. For most applications it has proven itself, based on the weight of the unconditioned Textile material, 25-230%, preferably 55-120% resin to apply.

It is advisable to dry thermoset impregnated Materials at temperatures below 100, preferably below 80 ° C.

The resin-coated textile fabrics according to the invention with spacer threads present on one or both sides are predominantly used for the production of inexpensive laminates which are not exposed to excessive delamination stresses in later use. These laminates, which are a further subject of the present invention, contain at least one of the resin-coated textile fabrics described above and optionally one or two top layers forming the top and bottom of the laminate. In the simplest case, a laminate according to the invention can be obtained by covering a resin-coated textile fabric according to the invention, which has a coarse spacer thread on one side, with a cover layer in such a way that the cover layer rests on the coarse spacer thread (see Fig. 5a). After the two layers have been brought together, the structure is heated to such a temperature without or under slight pressure that the impregnation resin begins to flow and, in the event that it is a thermosetting resin, the resin is then cured. Laminates of greater thickness according to the invention can be obtained in a corresponding manner by stacking a plurality of resin-coated textile fabrics according to the invention with coarse spacer threads present on one or both sides (cf. FIGS. 5d, 5e, 5f); stacking can be carried out in such a way that the layers of the textile fabrics lie one on top of the other in such a way that the coarse threads run parallel or cross. So z. B. two one-sided with coarse spacer threads are superimposed so that the threaded side of a fabric is on the thread-free side of the next fabric (see. Fig. 5d and 5e).

Another possibility of stacking the flat structures according to the invention into laminates according to the invention is that two flat structures provided on one side with coarse spacer threads lie one on top of the other in such a way that the sides provided with threads face each other ( cf.Fig. 5b) and possibly several of the so formed Double surfaces lie on top of each other. In all cases, the stacking can take place in such a way that the spacer threads run parallel ( FIG. 5b) or that they cross ( FIG. 5e). In the case of spacer threads running in parallel, the hardening resin connects the stacked flat structures at the contact lines of the spacer threads of the first layer with the textile surface of the base material of the second layer; in the case of the crossed spacer threads, however, this is only the case if the textile fabrics have the spacer thread only on one side, otherwise the connection between the layers takes place only at the crossing points of the spacer threads. A laminate constructed in this way has a particularly low basis weight, based on its thickness, and should preferably be used when no significant delaminating forces are to be expected in use. Of course, the delamination resistance can be taken by additional measures, such as. B. point sewing of the stack, significantly increase. If, when stacking the flat structures according to the invention, there is a stack which still has a visible coarse spacer thread on one side, this side is expediently covered with a cover layer ( FIGS. 5e and 5f). Of course, however, a stack that has spacer threads that are not visible on either side can also be covered with additional cover layers if, for example, a decorative purpose is being pursued.

For some areas of application, such as B. as decorative and insulating wall covering, are suitable resinated textile fabrics according to the invention also as a single layer without top layers.

For the production of the laminates according to the invention the desired number of textiles according to the invention Fabric in one of the above, appropriate appearing stacked on top of one another, if necessary Cover layers laid on, and the whole stack without or subjected to heat treatment under slight pressure, the sufficient, a possibly used thermoplastic Melt resin or a possibly used one hardenable resin to flow and then harden bring. This procedure results in solidification and Combining the stacked layers into one extraordinarily stable, resilient fabrics.  

This process can also be used as cover layers decorative cover layers such as B. wood decor or the like are used.

The following embodiments illustrate non-resinous textile fabrics according to the invention.

example 1

A fabric made of ®TREVIRA HOCHFEST, type 710, 280 dtex, 16 Threads / cm in warp and weft shows after every 16 Wefts a thick, voluminous weft, dtex 6600 ®Trevira fiber yarn on the top of the fabric and after another 16 wefts an equally voluminous weft on the underside of the fabric. Then after another 16 wefts comes the thick top shot again, etc.

With the voluminous top weft, 7 warp threads run each below the eighth warp thread above the Weft, with the voluminous undershot conversely 7 warp threads above, the eighth in each case Warp thread below the weft thread.

Example 2

A fabric made of ®TREVIRA HOCHFEST, type 710, 280 dtex, 16 Threads / cm in warp and weft shows after 16 warp threads each a thick, voluminous warp thread, dtex 6600 ®Trevira fiber yarn on the top of the fabric and after another 16 warp threads an equally voluminous warp thread on the underside of the fabric. Then after another 16 warp threads comes the thicker warp thread on the top of the fabric again etc.

Only one in eight lies with the thick warp thread on the top Weft thread over the warp thread when thick on the underside Conversely, warp thread is only under every eighth weft thread the warp thread.

Claims (15)

1. Textile fabric with on a base material spacers on one or both sides, the spacers from on the base material fixed coarse titre threads are formed. 2. Textile fabric according to claim 1, characterized characterized in that the coarse titer spacer threads Diameter of 0.5 to 5 mm, preferably 1 to 3 mm, exhibit. 3. Textile fabrics according to at least one of the Claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the coarse titre spacer threads are statistically uniform distributed over the entire surface of the base material are. 4. Textile fabrics according to at least one of the Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the coarse spacer threads in a linear Grid arrangement are statistically distributed. 5. Textile fabrics according to at least one of the Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the coarse titre spacer threads in the base material are woven. 6. Textile fabrics according to at least one of the Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that it consists of There is polyester filament or polyester fiber. 7. Textile fabrics according to at least one of the Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that it additionally with a thermoplastic or thermosetting resin is impregnated.   8. Process for the production of textile fabrics of claim 1, characterized in that one coarse spacer threads in a textile base material attached. 9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that one in the manufacture of the basic textile material coarse spacer threads in the distance on one side or woven in on both sides as a warp and / or as a weft. 10. The method of at least one of claims 8 and 9 for Production of the textile fabric of the claim 7, characterized in that according to at least one of claims 8 and 9 obtained textile Sheets additionally with a thermoplastic or impregnated with thermosetting resin. 11. Use of the textile fabric of claim 7 for the production of laminates. 12. Laminate containing at least one resinated Textile fabric of claim 7 and optionally one or two cover layers. 13. Laminate according to claim 12, characterized in that that he has at least two resin-coated textile fabrics of claim 7 contains. 14. Laminate according to at least one of claims 12 and 13, characterized in that the superimposed textile fabrics with each other and with the existing ones Cover layers through the thermoplastic or curable resin are bonded together.   15. Process for the production of the laminate Claim 12, characterized in that the desired number of resinated textiles Sheets of claim 7 and optionally resin soaked tops stacked on top of each other and together without or under slight pressure Subjects heat treatment at a temperature that is sufficient to melt the thermoplastic resin or to cause the hardenable resin to flow and harden.