DE3834462A1 - Process and composition for the consolidation of building material and Si-containing polycondensates for this purpose - Google Patents
Process and composition for the consolidation of building material and Si-containing polycondensates for this purposeInfo
- Publication number
- DE3834462A1 DE3834462A1 DE19883834462 DE3834462A DE3834462A1 DE 3834462 A1 DE3834462 A1 DE 3834462A1 DE 19883834462 DE19883834462 DE 19883834462 DE 3834462 A DE3834462 A DE 3834462A DE 3834462 A1 DE3834462 A1 DE 3834462A1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- general formula
- groups
- silicate
- weight
- carbon atoms
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 238000007596 consolidation process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 7
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 23
- -1 polyethylene propylene oxide Polymers 0.000 claims description 22
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical group [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene oxide Chemical group CC1CO1 GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000002877 alkyl aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003710 aryl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004051 hexyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 125000004106 butoxy group Chemical group [*]OC([H])([H])C([H])([H])C(C([H])([H])[H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims 1
- 125000002347 octyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 125000001820 oxy group Chemical group [*:1]O[*:2] 0.000 claims 1
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 8
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 abstract 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- VOLGAXAGEUPBDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N $l^{1}-oxidanylethane Chemical compound CC[O] VOLGAXAGEUPBDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dodecane Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCC SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- FYGHSUNMUKGBRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3-trimethylbenzene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC(C)=C1C FYGHSUNMUKGBRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YNQLUTRBYVCPMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylbenzene Chemical compound CCC1=CC=CC=C1 YNQLUTRBYVCPMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Al](Cl)Cl VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=C1 MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RWGFKTVRMDUZSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N cumene Chemical compound CC(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 RWGFKTVRMDUZSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DIOQZVSQGTUSAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N decane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC DIOQZVSQGTUSAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZSIAUFGUXNUGDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCO ZSIAUFGUXNUGDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 125000000962 organic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000003791 organic solvent mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium hydroxide Inorganic materials [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000002914 sec-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium hydroxide Inorganic materials [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 2
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DURPTKYDGMDSBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butoxybutane Chemical compound CCCCOCCCC DURPTKYDGMDSBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004066 1-hydroxyethyl group Chemical group [H]OC([H])([*])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000000094 2-phenylethyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910015844 BCl3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000002841 Lewis acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetraethyl orthosilicate Chemical group CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910003074 TiCl4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910007932 ZrCl4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001854 alkali hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001860 alkaline earth metal hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004703 alkoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003973 alkyl amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012080 ambient air Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007859 condensation product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000000640 cyclooctyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001511 cyclopentyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000002704 decyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003438 dodecyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001301 ethoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000010438 granite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000008282 halocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003187 heptyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 150000007529 inorganic bases Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000007517 lewis acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000956 methoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 1
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001421 myristyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000004108 n-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004123 n-propyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001400 nonyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000007530 organic bases Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010422 painting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000913 palmityl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001147 pentyl group Chemical group C(CCCC)* 0.000 description 1
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005920 sec-butoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004079 stearyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J titanium tetrachloride Chemical compound Cl[Ti](Cl)(Cl)Cl XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 125000003944 tolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- FAQYAMRNWDIXMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichloroborane Chemical compound ClB(Cl)Cl FAQYAMRNWDIXMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005023 xylyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DUNKXUFBGCUVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-J zirconium tetrachloride Chemical compound Cl[Zr](Cl)(Cl)Cl DUNKXUFBGCUVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/009—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone characterised by the material treated
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/45—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements
- C04B41/46—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements with organic materials
- C04B41/49—Compounds having one or more carbon-to-metal or carbon-to-silicon linkages ; Organo-clay compounds; Organo-silicates, i.e. ortho- or polysilicic acid esters ; Organo-phosphorus compounds; Organo-inorganic complexes
- C04B41/4905—Compounds having one or more carbon-to-metal or carbon-to-silicon linkages ; Organo-clay compounds; Organo-silicates, i.e. ortho- or polysilicic acid esters ; Organo-phosphorus compounds; Organo-inorganic complexes containing silicon
- C04B41/4922—Compounds having one or more carbon-to-metal or carbon-to-silicon linkages ; Organo-clay compounds; Organo-silicates, i.e. ortho- or polysilicic acid esters ; Organo-phosphorus compounds; Organo-inorganic complexes containing silicon applied to the substrate as monomers, i.e. as organosilanes RnSiX4-n, e.g. alkyltrialkoxysilane, dialkyldialkoxysilane
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/45—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements
- C04B41/46—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements with organic materials
- C04B41/49—Compounds having one or more carbon-to-metal or carbon-to-silicon linkages ; Organo-clay compounds; Organo-silicates, i.e. ortho- or polysilicic acid esters ; Organo-phosphorus compounds; Organo-inorganic complexes
- C04B41/4905—Compounds having one or more carbon-to-metal or carbon-to-silicon linkages ; Organo-clay compounds; Organo-silicates, i.e. ortho- or polysilicic acid esters ; Organo-phosphorus compounds; Organo-inorganic complexes containing silicon
- C04B41/495—Compounds having one or more carbon-to-metal or carbon-to-silicon linkages ; Organo-clay compounds; Organo-silicates, i.e. ortho- or polysilicic acid esters ; Organo-phosphorus compounds; Organo-inorganic complexes containing silicon applied to the substrate as oligomers or polymers
- C04B41/4977—Compounds having one or more carbon-to-metal or carbon-to-silicon linkages ; Organo-clay compounds; Organo-silicates, i.e. ortho- or polysilicic acid esters ; Organo-phosphorus compounds; Organo-inorganic complexes containing silicon applied to the substrate as oligomers or polymers characterised by the number of silicon atoms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/45—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements
- C04B41/50—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements with inorganic materials
- C04B41/5076—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements with inorganic materials with masses bonded by inorganic cements
- C04B41/5089—Silica sols, alkyl, ammonium or alkali metal silicate cements
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/60—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone of only artificial stone
- C04B41/61—Coating or impregnation
- C04B41/62—Coating or impregnation with organic materials
- C04B41/64—Compounds having one or more carbon-to-metal of carbon-to-silicon linkages
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/60—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone of only artificial stone
- C04B41/61—Coating or impregnation
- C04B41/65—Coating or impregnation with inorganic materials
- C04B41/68—Silicic acid; Silicates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G77/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G77/04—Polysiloxanes
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Abstract
Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Konsolidierung von anorganischen Baumaterialien durch Behandlung derselben mit hydrolysierbarem, organischem Silikat sowie neue Polykondensate und Konsolidierungsmittel zur Verwendung in diesem Verfahren.The present invention relates to a method for consolidation of inorganic building materials by treating them with hydrolyzable, organic silicate as well as new ones Polycondensates and consolidating agents for use in this procedure.
Es ist seit langem bekannt, Tetraalkylsilikate, entweder als solche oder gelöst in einem geeigneten Lösungsmittel, als Binde- bzw. Imprägniermittel für anorganische Stoffe zu verwenden, siehe z. B. DE-OS 23 18 494. Dabei führt die Feuchtigkeit in der Umgebungsluft zu einer mehr oder weniger schnellen (in Abhängigkeit von der Anwesenheit eines Katalysators) Hydrolyse und anschließenden Kondensation des Alkylsilikats, bis schließlich SiO₂ in den Poren des anorganischen Materials zurückbleibt und dem letzteren dadurch eine verbesserte Härte verleiht. Nachteilig an den bisher bekannten Konsolidierungsmitteln ist, daß leicht Versprödungen eintreten, kein besonders hohes Festigkeitsniveau erreicht werden kann und sehr dichte Steine (z. B. Granite, Maulbronner Sandstein) nur mit sehr geringem Erfolg gefestigt werden können.It has long been known to be tetraalkyl silicates, either as such or dissolved in a suitable solvent, as a binding agent or to use impregnating agents for inorganic substances, see e.g. B. DE-OS 23 18 494. The moisture leads in the Ambient air to a more or less rapid (depending from the presence of a catalyst) hydrolysis and subsequent condensation of the alkyl silicate until finally SiO₂ remains in the pores of the inorganic material and this gives the latter an improved hardness. Disadvantageous of the previously known consolidation agents is that embrittlement occurs easily, not a particularly high level of strength can be reached and very dense stones (e.g. granite, Maulbronner sandstone) consolidated with very little success can be.
Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es deshalb, ein Verfahren zur Konsolidierung von anorganischen Baumaterialien und ein in diesem Verfahren verwendbares Konsolidierungsmittel zur Verfügung zu stellen, daß den bisher bekannten Verfahren bzw. Konsolidierungsmitteln hinsichtlich der Erhöhung der Biege-, Zug- und Druckfestigkeit, der Haftzugfestigkeit, der Abriebfestigkeit und der Erhöhung der Schlagfestigkeit des behandelten Baumaterials überlegen ist.The object of the present invention is therefore a method for the consolidation of inorganic building materials and a consolidating agent usable in this process to make available that the previously known method or consolidation funds with regard to the increase in Bending, tensile and compressive strength, the adhesive tensile strength, the Abrasion resistance and increasing the impact resistance of the treated building material is superior.
Diese Aufgabe wird durch das in den obigen Ansprüchen definierte Verfahren bzw. Konsolidierungsmittel gelöst. This object is achieved by what is defined in the above claims Process or consolidation means solved.
Überraschenderweise wurde nämlich festgestellt, daß sich die obengenannten Eigenschaften des Baumaterials im Vergleich zum Einsatz von vollständig zu SiO₂ hydrolysierbarem Silikat verbessern, wenn im Hydrolyse- und Kondensationsprodukt (Polykondensat) noch ein gewisser Prozentsatz an organischen Gruppen zurückbleibt. Diese organischen Gruppen werden erfindungsgemäß von Silikaten geliefert, die 1 bis 3 direkt an das Siliciumatom gebundene aliphatische, cycloaliphatische und/oder aromatische Kohlenwasserstoffgruppen aufweisen. Der Rest der insgesamt 4 an das Siliciumatom gebundenen Gruppen besteht dann wie bei den bisher verwendeten Silikaten aus Alkoxygruppen und/oder von Ethylenoxid und/oder Propylenoxid abgeleiteten Oxyresten.Surprisingly, it was found that the above-mentioned properties of the building material compared to Improve the use of silicate that is fully hydrolyzable to SiO₂, if in the hydrolysis and condensation product (polycondensate) still a certain percentage of organic groups remains. These organic groups are according to the invention supplied by silicates that 1 to 3 directly to the silicon atom bound aliphatic, cycloaliphatic and / or aromatic Have hydrocarbon groups. The rest of the total 4 groups bound to the silicon atom then exist as in the previously used silicates from alkoxy groups and / or from Ethylene oxide and / or propylene oxide derived oxy radicals.
Für die Gruppen X und R in der allgemeinen Formel (I) gilt: Alkylgruppen X sind solche mit 3 bis 20 Kohlenstoffatomen, bevorzugt solche mit 6 bis 18 Kohlenstoffatomen, und insbesondere solche mit 8 bis 16 Kohlenstoffatomen. Konkrete Beispiele hierfür sind n-Propyl, i-Propyl, n-Butyl, i-Butyl, sek.-Butyl, Pentyl, Hexyl, Heptyl, n-Octyl, i-Octyl, 2-Ethylhexyl, Nonyl, Decyl, Dodecyl, Tetradecyl, Hexadecyl und Octadecyl. Wie ersichtlich, können die Alkylgruppen X gerad- oder verzweigtkettig sein.The following applies to the groups X and R in the general formula (I): Alkyl groups X are those with 3 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably those with 6 to 18 carbon atoms, and in particular those with 8 to 16 carbon atoms. Specific examples n-propyl, i-propyl, n-butyl, i-butyl, sec-butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, n-octyl, i-octyl, 2-ethylhexyl, Nonyl, decyl, dodecyl, tetradecyl, hexadecyl and octadecyl. As can be seen, the alkyl groups X can be straight or be branched.
Cycloalkylgruppen X sind solche mit 5 bis 8 Kohlenstoffatomen, insbesondere Cyclopentyl, Cyclohexyl und Cyclooctyl. Diese cyclischen Gruppen können gegebenenfalls ein oder zwei Methylgruppen tragen.Cycloalkyl groups X are those with 5 to 8 carbon atoms, especially cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl and cyclooctyl. These Cyclic groups can optionally have one or two methyl groups wear.
Arylgruppen X sind solche mit 6 bis 20 Kohlenstoffatomen, vorzugsweise 6 bis 14 Kohlenstoffatomen. Besonders bevorzugte Beispiele hierfür sind Phenyl, Naphthyl, Biphenylyl und Terphenylyl, insbesondere Phenyl.Aryl groups X are preferably those having 6 to 20 carbon atoms 6 to 14 carbon atoms. Particularly preferred examples for this are phenyl, naphthyl, biphenylyl and terphenylyl, especially phenyl.
Die Aralkyl- und Alkarylgruppen X mit 7 bis 20 Kohlenstoffatomen, vorzugsweise 7 bis 15 Kohlenstoffatomen, leiten sich ab von den obengenannten Alkyl- und Arylgruppen. Besonders bevorzugte Beispiele hierfür sind Benzyl, Phenethyl, Tolyl, Xylyl, Ethylphenyl, Cumyl und Phenylmethylphenyl.The aralkyl and alkaryl groups X having 7 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably 7 to 15 carbon atoms are derived from the the above-mentioned alkyl and aryl groups. Particularly preferred examples for this are benzyl, phenethyl, tolyl, xylyl, ethylphenyl, Cumyl and phenylmethylphenyl.
Die obigen Gruppen X können mit 1 bis 3 Alkoxygruppen mit 1 bis 4 Kohlenstoffatomen substituiert sein. Beispiele für bevorzugte Alkoxygruppen sind Methoxy, Ethoxy, i-Propoxy und sek.-Butoxy. Bevorzugt weisen die obigen Reste - wenn überhaupt - eine oder zwei Alkoxygruppen auf.The above groups X can have 1 to 3 alkoxy groups with 1 up to 4 carbon atoms. Examples of preferred Alkoxy groups are methoxy, ethoxy, i-propoxy and sec-butoxy. The above radicals preferably have - if at all - one or two alkoxy groups.
Wenn in der allgemeinen Formel (I) n 2 oder 3 ist, dann können die Reste X gleich oder verschieden sein. Wegen der leichteren Zugänglichkeit werden identische Reste bevorzugt.If n in the general formula (I) is 2 or 3, the radicals X can be the same or different. Because of the easier accessibility, identical residues are preferred.
Die Reste R in der allgemeinen Formel (I) sind Alkoxygruppen mit 2 bis 18 Kohlenstoffatomen, insbesondere 2 bis 16 Kohlenstoffatomen. Besonders bevorzugte Reste sind Ethoxy, i-Propoxy, sek.-Butoxy, Octyloxy, Decyloxy, Dodecyloxy und Hexadecyloxy. Während Ethoxy als Bedeutung von R deshalb besonders bevorzugt ist, weil das bei der Hydrolyse entstehende Ethanol ungiftig ist, kann auch die Anwesenheit von Alkoxyresten mit 8 Kohlenstoffatomen und darüber von Vorteil sein, weil diese bei der Hydrolyse zu Alkoholen führen, die schwerflüchtig sind und in einem gewissen Maß die Wirkung der Reste X verstärken. Besonders bevorzugte Verbindungen der allgemeinen Formel (I) mit n =1 enthalten entweder drei Ethoxyreste, zwei Ethoxyreste und einen langkettigen (C8-18)Alkoxyrest oder einen Ethoxyrest und zwei langkettige Alkoxyreste. Bevorzugte Verbindungen der allgemeinen Formel (I) mit n =2 enthalten entweder 2 Ethoxyreste oder einen Ethoxyrest und einen langkettigen Alkoxyrest. Verbindungen der allgemeinen Formel (I) mit n =3 weisen vorzugsweise einen Ethoxyrest auf.The radicals R in the general formula (I) are alkoxy groups having 2 to 18 carbon atoms, in particular 2 to 16 carbon atoms. Particularly preferred radicals are ethoxy, i-propoxy, sec-butoxy, octyloxy, decyloxy, dodecyloxy and hexadecyloxy. While ethoxy is particularly preferred as the meaning of R because the ethanol formed during the hydrolysis is non-toxic, the presence of alkoxy radicals with 8 carbon atoms and above can also be advantageous because they lead to alcohols which are difficult to volatilize and in to a certain extent increase the effect of residues X. Particularly preferred compounds of the general formula (I) with n = 1 contain either three ethoxy radicals, two ethoxy radicals and one long-chain (C 8-18 ) alkoxy radical or one ethoxy radical and two long-chain alkoxy radicals. Preferred compounds of the general formula (I) with n = 2 contain either 2 ethoxy radicals or one ethoxy radical and one long-chain alkoxy radical. Compounds of the general formula (I) with n = 3 preferably have an ethoxy radical.
Weitere Reste R in der allgemeinen Formel (I) sind solche, die sich von Ethylenoxid und/oder Propylenoxid ableiten und bis zu 5 derartigen Einheiten enthalten. Beispiele hierfür sind HO-CH₂-CH₂-O-, HO-CH₂-CH₂-O-CH₂-CH₂-O-, HO-CH₂-CH₂-(O-CH₂-CH₂)₂-O- und HO-C₃H₇-O-C₃H₇-O-. Gegebenenfalls können die OH-Gruppen dieser Reste durch CH₃O- oder C₂H₅O-Reste ersetzt sein.Further radicals R in the general formula (I) are those which are derived from ethylene oxide and / or propylene oxide and contain up to 5 such units. examples for this are HO-CH₂-CH₂-O-, HO-CH₂-CH₂-O-CH₂-CH₂-O-, HO-CH₂-CH₂- (O-CH₂-CH₂) ₂-O- and HO-C₃H₇-O-C₃H₇-O-. If necessary, the OH groups of these residues can be replaced by CH₃O- or C₂H₅O residues can be replaced.
Selbstverständlich können die Verbindungen der allgemeinen Formel (I) gleichzeitig sowohl Alkoxygruppen als auch von Alkylenoxiden abgeleitete Reste als Gruppen R aufweisen.Of course, the compounds of the general Formula (I) simultaneously both alkoxy groups and Alkylene oxides derived radicals as groups R.
Der Index n in der allgemeinen Formel (I) ist eine ganze Zahl von 1 bis 3, bevorzugt 1 oder 2, und insbesondere 1.The index n in the general formula (I) is an integer from 1 to 3, preferably 1 or 2, and in particular 1.
Statt oder zusammen mit den Verbindungen der allgemeinen Formel (I) können erfindungsgemäß auch Vorkondensate aus denselben eingesetzt werden, die durch teilweise Hydrolyse und Kondensation entstanden sind. Diese Vorkondensate können durchschnittlich 2 bis 10 Siliciumatome aufweisen. Die obere Grenze für die Anzahl der Siliciumatome ergibt sich daraus, daß höhermolekulare Kondensate zu viskos und/oder in einem geeigneten Lösungsmittel nicht mehr in ausreichendem Maße löslich sind, um noch mit vernünftigem Aufwand auf Baumaterialien aufgetragen werden zu können.Instead of or together with the compounds of the general formula (I) according to the invention, precondensates can also be made from the same are used by partial hydrolysis and Condensation has arisen. These precondensates can be average Have 2 to 10 silicon atoms. The upper limit for the number of silicon atoms it follows that higher molecular weight Condensates too viscous and / or in a suitable Solvents are no longer sufficiently soluble, to be applied to building materials with reasonable effort to be able to.
Im erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren wird die Verbindung der allgemeinen Formel (I) oder das davon abgeleitete Vorkondensat in einer Mindestmenge von 20 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise mindestens 50 Gew.-%, bezogen auf die Gesamtmenge an organischem, hydrolysierbarem Silikat, eingesetzt.In the process according to the invention, the compound of the general Formula (I) or the precondensate derived therefrom in a minimum amount of 20% by weight, preferably at least 50% by weight, based on the total amount of organic, hydrolyzable Silicate.
Der restliche Anteil an hydrolysierbarem Silikat (max. 80 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise maximal 50 Gew.-%) besteht vorzugsweise aus einem Silikat der allgemeinen Formel (I) mit n =0, d. h. mit vier Resten R, die wie oben definiert sind (einschließlich der bevorzugten Bedeutungen). Ein besonders bevorzugtes Silikat ist in diesem Zusammenhang Tetraethylsilikat. Selbstverständlich können auch hier Verbindungsgemische und/oder Vorkondensate mit bis zu zehn Si-Atomen verwendet werden und natürlich ist es auch möglich, Vorkondensate zu verwenden, die sich sowohl von Verbindungen der allgemeinen Formel (I) mit n =1, 2 oder 3 als auch von solchen mit n =0 ableiten. Werden derartige Vorkondensate ausschließlich eingesetzt, gilt auch hier, daß diese sich zu mindestens 20 Gew.-% von monomerem Silikat der allgemeinen Formel (I) mit n =1,2 oder 3 ableiten sollten. Werden Gemische aus monomeren und oligomeren Verbindungen eingesetzt, so sollte ebenfalls darauf geachtet werden, daß in der Summe aus monomeren Verbindungen und den monomeren Verbindungen, die als Ausgangsstoffe für die Herstellung der Vorkondensate dienen, die Silikate der allgemeinen Formel (I) mit n =1 bis 3 zu mindestens 20 Gew.-% enthalten sind.The remaining proportion of hydrolyzable silicate (max. 80% by weight, preferably at most 50% by weight) preferably consists of a silicate of the general formula (I) with n = 0, ie with four radicals R which are defined as above (including the preferred meanings). A particularly preferred silicate in this context is tetraethyl silicate. Of course, compound mixtures and / or precondensates with up to ten Si atoms can also be used here, and of course it is also possible to use precondensates which differ both from compounds of the general formula (I) with n = 1, 2 or 3 as well derived from those with n = 0. If precondensates of this type are used exclusively, it also applies here that at least 20% by weight of monomeric silicate of the general formula (I) with n = 1, 2 or 3 should be derived. If mixtures of monomeric and oligomeric compounds are used, care should also be taken to ensure that the total of monomeric compounds and the monomeric compounds which serve as starting materials for the preparation of the precondensates contains the silicates of the general formula (I) with n = 1 up to 3 at least 20 wt .-% are included.
Bei der Herstellung von Vorkondensaten, aber auch ganz allgemein vor der Behandlung des Baumaterials mit den hydrolysierbaren Silikaten, wird es bevorzugt, einen Katalysator zuzugeben, der Hydrolyse bzw. Kondensation der Silikatverbindungen beschleunigt. Für diesen Zweck geeignete Verbindungen sind Protonen oder Hydroxylionen abspaltende Verbindungen und Amine. Spezielle Beispiele hierfür sind organische und anorganische Säuren, wie z. B. Salzsäure, Schwefelsäure, Phosphorsäure. Ameisensäure, Essigsäure, sowie organische oder anorganische Basen, wie z. B. Ammoniak, Alkali- und Erdalkalimetallhydroxide, z. B. Natrium- Kalium- oder Calciumhydroxid, und Amine, z. B. niedere Alkylamine oder Alkanolamine.In the production of pre-condensates, but also in general before treating the building material with the hydrolyzable Silicates, it is preferred to add a catalyst the hydrolysis or condensation of the silicate compounds accelerates. Compounds suitable for this purpose are protons or compounds and amines which release hydroxyl ions. Specific examples are organic and inorganic Acids such as B. hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid. Formic acid, acetic acid, and organic or inorganic Bases such as B. ammonia, alkali and alkaline earth metal hydroxides, e.g. As sodium, potassium or calcium hydroxide, and amines, e.g. B. lower alkylamines or alkanolamines.
Besonders bevorzugte Hydrolyse-(Kondensations-)Katalysatoren sind jedoch Lewis-Säuren, insbesondere hydrolysierbare Verbindungen von Bor, Aluminium, Titan und Zirkonium. Unter diesen Verbindungen sind wiederum die Halogenide (z. B. AlCl₃, BCl₃, TiCl₄ und ZrCl₄) und insbesondere die Alkoxide besonders bevorzugt. Beispiele für die letzteren sind B(OR′)₃, Al(OR′)₃, Ti(OR′)₄ und Zr(OR′)₄, wobei R′ vorzugsweise eine Alkylgruppe mit 1 bis 4 Kohlenstoffatomen, insbesondere Methyl, Ethyl, i-Propyl und sek.-Butyl, ist. Derartige Verbindungen werden vorzugsweise in einer Menge von 0,1 bis 10 Gew.-%, insbesondere 1 bis 5 Gew.-%, bezogen auf monomeres und/oder oligomeres Silikat, eingesetzt. Wurde bereits zur Herstellung des Vorkondensats ein derartiger Katalysator verwendet, so ist es nicht unbedingt erforderlich, vor der erfindungsgemäßen Behandlung des Baumaterials weiteren Katalysator zuzugeben, obwohl dies bevorzugt wird. Werden ausschließlich monomere Verbindungen eingesetzt, wird der Katalysator dem Silikat vorzugsweise kurz vor der Verwendung zugesetzt.Particularly preferred hydrolysis (condensation) catalysts however, are Lewis acids, especially hydrolyzable compounds of boron, aluminum, titanium and zirconium. Under these Compounds are again the halides (e.g. AlCl₃, BCl₃, TiCl₄ and ZrCl₄) and especially the alkoxides are particularly preferred. Examples of the latter are B (OR ′) ₃, Al (OR ′) ₃, Ti (OR ′) ₄ and Zr (OR ′) ₄, where R ′ is preferably an alkyl group with 1 to 4 carbon atoms, especially methyl, ethyl, i-propyl and sec-butyl. Such connections will preferably in an amount of 0.1 to 10% by weight, in particular 1 to 5 wt .-%, based on monomeric and / or oligomeric Silicate. Has already been used to manufacture the Pre-condensate uses such a catalyst, it is not absolutely necessary before the treatment according to the invention of the building material to add further catalyst, though this is preferred. Are only monomeric compounds used, the catalyst is preferably the silicate added just before use.
Solange das erfindungsgemäß zu verwendende Silikat (inklusive dem Vorkondensat) bzw. die Mischung desselben mit einem Katalysator flüssig (niedrig-viskos) genug ist, um als solches auf das Baumaterial aufgetragen zu werden, erübrigt sich die Verwendung eines Lösungsmittels. Wenn aber ein Vorkondensat eingesetzt wird und dieses in Anwesenheit eines Lösungsmittels hergestellt wurde, muß dieses Lösungsmittel nicht extra entfernt werden. Genauso kann man das erfindungsgemäß zu verwendende Silikat in einem geeigneten Lösungsmittel lösen, auch wenn dies unter dem Gesichtspunkt der Viskositätserniedrigung nicht nötig wäre.As long as the silicate to be used according to the invention (inclusive the precondensate) or the mixture thereof with a Catalyst liquid (low-viscosity) is enough to act as such to be applied to the building material is not necessary the use of a solvent. But if a pre-condensate is used and this in the presence of a solvent This solvent does not have to be prepared separately be removed. Likewise, you can use what is to be used according to the invention Dissolve silicate in a suitable solvent, too if this from the point of view of lowering the viscosity would not be necessary.
Für diesen Zweck geeignete Lösungsmittel sind prinzipiell solche, die die gewünschte Hydrolyse und Kondensation der Silikate nicht merklich beeinträchtigen und nicht zu schwer flüchtig sind, aber auch über keine zu hohe Viskosität verfügen. Bevorzugte Lösungsmittel sind aliphatische Alkohole mit 2 bis 8 Kohlenstoffatomen, insbesondere Ethanol, Propanol, Butanol und Hexanol, wobei Ethanol besonders bevorzugt wird. Andere geeignete Lösungsmittel sind aliphatische und aromatische, gegebenenfalls halogenierte Kohlenwasserstoffe mit 6 bis 18, vorzugsweise 6 bis 12 Kohlenstoffatomen, wie z. B. Hexan, Heptan, Octan, Decan, Dodecan, Toluol, Xylol, Ethylbenzol, Cumol, Trimethylbenzol, Chlorbenzol, Cyclohexan usw. Selbstverständlich können auch andere Lösungsmittel eingesetzt werden, wie z. B. Ketone (z. B. Aceton und Butanon), Ether (z. B. THF, Dioxan und Di-n-butylether) und Ester (z. B. Ethylacetat). Wird Lösungsmittel verwendet, so sollte es nicht mehr als 50 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise nicht mehr als 25 Gew.-%, der Gesamtmenge von Silikat, (gegebenenfalls) Katalysator und Lösungsmittel ausmachen.Solvents suitable for this purpose are in principle those that provide the desired hydrolysis and condensation of the Do not noticeably affect silicates and not too heavy are volatile, but also do not have too high a viscosity. Preferred solvents are aliphatic alcohols 2 to 8 carbon atoms, especially ethanol, propanol, Butanol and hexanol, with ethanol being particularly preferred. Other suitable solvents are aliphatic and aromatic, optionally halogenated hydrocarbons with 6 to 18, preferably 6 to 12 carbon atoms, such as. B. hexane, heptane, Octane, decane, dodecane, toluene, xylene, ethylbenzene, cumene, trimethylbenzene, Chlorobenzene, cyclohexane etc. Of course other solvents can also be used, such as. B. Ketones (e.g. acetone and butanone), ethers (e.g. THF, dioxane and Di-n-butyl ether) and esters (e.g. ethyl acetate). If solvent is used, it should not be more than 50% by weight, preferably not more than 25% by weight, of the total of silicate, (optionally) catalyst and solvent turn off.
Demgemäß werden die erfindungsgemäßen Konsolidierungsmittel für anorganische Baumaterialien aus den folgenden Komponenten hergestellt:Accordingly, the consolidating agents according to the invention for inorganic building materials from the following components produced:
- (a) 20 bis 100 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise 50 bis 100 Gew.-%, eines Silikats der allgemeinen Formel (I) mit n =1 bis 3 und/oder eines daraus hergestellten Vorkondensats mit durchschnittlich bis zu 10 Si-Atomen;(a) 20 to 100% by weight, preferably 50 to 100% by weight, of a silicate of the general formula (I) with n = 1 to 3 and / or a precondensate produced therefrom with an average of up to 10 Si atoms;
- (b) 0 bis 80 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise 20 bis 40 Gew.-%, eines Silikats der allgemeinen Formel (I) mit n =0 und/oder eines daraus hergestellten Vorkondensats mit durchschnittlich bis zu 10 Si-Atomen, wobei die Summe aus (a) und (b) 40 bis 100 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise 70 bis 100 Gew.-%, beträgt; (b) 0 to 80% by weight, preferably 20 to 40% by weight, of a silicate of the general formula (I) with n = 0 and / or a precondensate produced therefrom with an average of up to 10 Si atoms, the Sum of (a) and (b) is 40 to 100% by weight, preferably 70 to 100% by weight;
- (c) 0 bis 10 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise 1 bis 5 Gew.-%, eines Katalysators; und(c) 0 to 10% by weight, preferably 1 to 5% by weight, of a catalyst; and
- (d) 0 bis 50 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise 0 bis 25 Gew.-%, eines inerten organischen Lösungsmittels oder Lösungsmittelgemisches.(d) 0 to 50% by weight, preferably 0 to 25% by weight, of an inert organic solvent or solvent mixture.
Das obige Konsolidierungsmittel eignet sich besonders zur Konsolidierung von Natursteinen, Ziegel, Mörtel und mineralischen Baustoffen, wobei es für die Konsolidierung von Natursteinen, z. B. Sandsteinen, ganz besonders gut geeignet ist.The above consolidation tool is particularly suitable for consolidation of natural stones, bricks, mortar and mineral Building materials, it being for the consolidation of natural stones, e.g. B. sandstones, is particularly well suited.
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren kann z. B. durchgeführt werden, indem man das oben beschriebene Konsolidierungsmittel in geeigneter Weise auf das zu behandelnde Baumaterial aufbringt. Dies kann auf jede bekannte Art und Weise geschehen, z. B. durch Sprühen, Streichen, Tauchen und Gießen, bevorzugt aber durch Sprühen.The inventive method can, for. B. be carried out by using the consolidating agent described above in a suitable manner Way onto the building material to be treated. This can be done in any known manner, e.g. B. by Spraying, painting, dipping and pouring, but preferably through Spraying.
Das folgende Beispiel beschreibt die Herstellung eines erfindungsgemäßen Mittels, das als solches auf ein Baumaterial aufgebracht werden kann.The following example describes the preparation of an inventive By means of that as such on a building material can be applied.
1000 g n-C₈H₁₇-Si(OC₂H₅)₃ (3,6 Mol), 753 Si(OC₂H₅)₄ (3,6 Mol) und 16 g B(OCH₃)₃ werden in 1,6 l Ethanol (96%ig) bei Raumtemperatur gelöst. Das im Ethanol vorhandene Wasser führt dabei zu einer teilweisen Hydrolyse und Kondensation der vorhandenen Si- und B-Verbindungen. Die Lösung kann sofort oder aber auch erst nach einigen Stunden auf das Baumaterial aufgetragen (z. B. aufgesprüht) werden.1000 g n-C₈H₁₇-Si (OC₂H₅) ₃ (3.6 mol), 753 Si (OC₂H₅) ₄ (3.6 mol) and 16 g of B (OCH₃) ₃ in 1.6 l of ethanol (96%) at room temperature solved. The water present in the ethanol leads partial hydrolysis and condensation of the existing ones Si and B connections. The solution can be immediately or but also only applied to the building material after a few hours (e.g. sprayed on).
Claims (12)
die Gruppen X, die gleich oder verschieden sein können, Alkylgruppen mit 3 bis 20 Kohlenstoffatomen, Cycloalkylgruppen mit 5 bis 8 Kohlenstoffatomen, Arylgruppen mit 6 bis 20 Kohlenstoffatomen oder Aralkyl- oder Alkarylgruppen mit 7 bis 20 Kohlenstoffatomen darstellen, wobei die soeben genannten Gruppen gegebenenfalls mit 1 bis 3 C1-4-Alkoxygruppen substituiert sein können;
die Reste R, die gleich oder verschieden sein können, für Alkoxygruppen mit 2 bis 18 Kohlenstoffatomen und/oder für von Polyethylenoxid, Polypropylenoxid und/oder Polyethylenpropylenoxid mit bis zu 5 Ethylenoxid- und/oder Propylenoxideinheiten abgeleitete Oxygruppen stehen; und n =1, 2 oder 3;
und/oder einem davon abgeleiteten Vorkondensat mit bis zu 10 Siliciumatomen besteht.1. A process for the consolidation of inorganic building materials by treating them with hydrolyzable, organic silicate, characterized in that at least 20% by weight of the silicate consists of at least one compound of the general formula (I): SiX n R 4- n (I) in which
the groups X, which may be the same or different, represent alkyl groups with 3 to 20 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl groups with 5 to 8 carbon atoms, aryl groups with 6 to 20 carbon atoms or aralkyl or alkaryl groups with 7 to 20 carbon atoms, the groups just mentioned optionally including 1 to 3 C 1-4 alkoxy groups can be substituted;
the radicals R, which may be the same or different, represent alkoxy groups having 2 to 18 carbon atoms and / or oxy groups derived from polyethylene oxide, polypropylene oxide and / or polyethylene propylene oxide with up to 5 ethylene oxide and / or propylene oxide units; and n = 1, 2 or 3;
and / or a precondensate derived therefrom with up to 10 silicon atoms.
- (a) 20 bis 100 Gew.-% eines wie in Anspruch 1 definierten Silikats der allgemeinen Formel (I) und/oder eines davon abgeleiteten Vorkondensats mit bis zu durchschnittlich 10 Si-Atomen;
- b) 0 bis 80 Gew.-% eines Silikats der allgemeinen Formel (I) mit n =0 und/oder eines davon abgeleiteten Vorkondensats mit bis zu durchschnittlich 10 Si-Atomen, wobei die Summe aus (a) plus (b) 40 bis 100 Gew.-%, beträgt;
- (c) 0 bis 10 Gew.-%, eines Hydrolyse- bzw. Kondensationskatalysators; und
- (d) 0 bis 50 Gew.-% eines inerten organischen Lösungsmittels mit einem Siedepunkt von 50 bis 200°C oder eines Gemisches derartiger Lösungsmittel.
- (a) 20 to 100% by weight of a silicate of the general formula (I) as defined in claim 1 and / or a precondensate derived therefrom with up to an average of 10 Si atoms;
- b) 0 to 80% by weight of a silicate of the general formula (I) with n = 0 and / or a precondensate derived therefrom with up to an average of 10 Si atoms, the sum of (a) plus (b) 40 to 100% by weight;
- (c) 0 to 10% by weight of a hydrolysis or condensation catalyst; and
- (d) 0 to 50% by weight of an inert organic solvent with a boiling point of 50 to 200 ° C or a mixture of such solvents.
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Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE19883834462 DE3834462A1 (en) | 1988-10-10 | 1988-10-10 | Process and composition for the consolidation of building material and Si-containing polycondensates for this purpose |
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DE19883834462 DE3834462A1 (en) | 1988-10-10 | 1988-10-10 | Process and composition for the consolidation of building material and Si-containing polycondensates for this purpose |
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Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US8062754B2 (en) | 2005-07-29 | 2011-11-22 | Bluestar Silicones France | Method for hydrophobising and improving the beading effect of construction materials |
DE102005063467B4 (en) | 2005-05-10 | 2018-05-24 | Ralf Peter Jaklin | Method for sealing a concrete surface and surface-sealed concrete surface |
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Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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DE102005063467B4 (en) | 2005-05-10 | 2018-05-24 | Ralf Peter Jaklin | Method for sealing a concrete surface and surface-sealed concrete surface |
US8062754B2 (en) | 2005-07-29 | 2011-11-22 | Bluestar Silicones France | Method for hydrophobising and improving the beading effect of construction materials |
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