DE3809836A1 - Modification of mould materials for pressing glass - Google Patents

Modification of mould materials for pressing glass

Info

Publication number
DE3809836A1
DE3809836A1 DE19883809836 DE3809836A DE3809836A1 DE 3809836 A1 DE3809836 A1 DE 3809836A1 DE 19883809836 DE19883809836 DE 19883809836 DE 3809836 A DE3809836 A DE 3809836A DE 3809836 A1 DE3809836 A1 DE 3809836A1
Authority
DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
metals
glass
mould
modification
resistant
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
DE19883809836
Other languages
German (de)
Inventor
Christian Von Stein
Jochen Wissmueller
Willy Bosch
Michael Mazzuchelli
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Priority to DE19883809836 priority Critical patent/DE3809836A1/en
Publication of DE3809836A1 publication Critical patent/DE3809836A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
    • C04B41/80—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone of only ceramics
    • C04B41/81—Coating or impregnation
    • C04B41/89—Coating or impregnation for obtaining at least two superposed coatings having different compositions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B11/00—Pressing molten glass or performed glass reheated to equivalent low viscosity without blowing
    • C03B11/06—Construction of plunger or mould
    • C03B11/08—Construction of plunger or mould for making solid articles, e.g. lenses
    • C03B11/084—Construction of plunger or mould for making solid articles, e.g. lenses material composition or material properties of press dies therefor
    • C03B11/086—Construction of plunger or mould for making solid articles, e.g. lenses material composition or material properties of press dies therefor of coated dies
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
    • C04B41/009—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone characterised by the material treated
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
    • C04B41/45—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements
    • C04B41/52—Multiple coating or impregnating multiple coating or impregnating with the same composition or with compositions only differing in the concentration of the constituents, is classified as single coating or impregnation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
    • C23C14/06—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the coating material
    • C23C14/14—Metallic material, boron or silicon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
    • C23C16/06—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the deposition of metallic material
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B3/00—Simple or compound lenses
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/04—Prisms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B2215/00—Press-moulding glass
    • C03B2215/02—Press-mould materials
    • C03B2215/08—Coated press-mould dies
    • C03B2215/10—Die base materials
    • C03B2215/11—Metals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B2215/00—Press-moulding glass
    • C03B2215/02—Press-mould materials
    • C03B2215/08—Coated press-mould dies
    • C03B2215/10—Die base materials
    • C03B2215/12—Ceramics or cermets, e.g. cemented WC, Al2O3 or TiC
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B2215/00—Press-moulding glass
    • C03B2215/02—Press-mould materials
    • C03B2215/08—Coated press-mould dies
    • C03B2215/14—Die top coat materials, e.g. materials for the glass-contacting layers
    • C03B2215/16—Metals or alloys, e.g. Ni-P, Ni-B, amorphous metals
    • C03B2215/17—Metals or alloys, e.g. Ni-P, Ni-B, amorphous metals comprising one or more of the noble meals, i.e. Ag, Au, platinum group metals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B2215/00—Press-moulding glass
    • C03B2215/02—Press-mould materials
    • C03B2215/08—Coated press-mould dies
    • C03B2215/30—Intermediate layers, e.g. graded zone of base/top material
    • C03B2215/32—Intermediate layers, e.g. graded zone of base/top material of metallic or silicon material

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Re-Forming, After-Treatment, Cutting And Transporting Of Glass Products (AREA)

Abstract

The aim is to indicate a process for the modification of mould materials for pressing glass articles, where the mould material must be capable of processing to give an optically smooth surface and should be heat-resistant up to 1100@C. In addition, the moulding material should not undergo any physical or chemical interactions with the glass. The heat-resistant and readily machinable base material used comprises metals and nonmetals into which the lens shape is cut. The mould is subsequently coated with a sequence of metallic layers. Particular area of application: glass lenses, prisms having an optical surface.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The invention relates to a method according to the preamble of Claim 1.

Der wachsende Lichtwellenleiter (LWL)-Markt und der zukünftige industrielle Bedarf an LWL-Systemen fordern hochpräzise und kostengünstige Koppelkomponenten mit hohem Wirkungsgrad. Diese Komponenten der optischen Nachrichtentechnik benötigen optische Bauteile (Linsen), um Aperturen, Fleckgrößen und Wellenfronten von Sendern, Empfängern und Lichtwellenleitern anzupassen, da­ mit ein guter Koppelwirkungsgrad erhalten wird. Die derzeit auf dem Markt befindlichen Koppelkomponenten sind, wenn man einen hohen Koppelwirkungsgrad fordert, kompliziert aufgebaut (Mehr­ fachlinsen) und daher in ihrer Herstellung aufwendig und teuer.The growing fiber optic (LWL) market and the future Industrial requirements for fiber optic systems demand high-precision and inexpensive coupling components with high efficiency. These Components of optical communication technology need optical Components (lenses) for apertures, spot sizes and wavefronts of transmitters, receivers and optical fibers, because with a good coupling efficiency is obtained. The currently on coupling components on the market are, if you have one high coupling efficiency, complicated structure (more specialist lenses) and therefore complex and expensive to manufacture.

Mit Hilfe der Glaspreßtechnik bekommt man hochpräzise und preis­ werte Glaslinsen. Die eingeprägten brechenden Flächen können asphärisch sein und vermeiden dann weitgehend die durch sphäri­ sche Flächen bedingten Abbildungsfehler. Bei der Glaspreßtech­ nik kommt dem Formenmaterial eine besondere Bedeutung zu. Das Formenmaterial mußWith the help of glass pressing technology you get high-precision and price value glass lenses. The embossed refractive surfaces can be aspherical and then largely avoid the spherical ones aberrations caused by the surface. At Glaspreßtech The molding material is of particular importance. The Mold material must

  • 1. sich zu einer optisch glatten Oberfläche verarbeiten lassen,1. can be processed into an optically smooth surface,
  • 2. hochtemperaturfest bis 1100°C sein und keine physikalische und chemische Wechselwirkung (Ausgasen, Kleben) mit dem Glas eingehen.2. Be high temperature resistant up to 1100 ° C and not physical and chemical interaction (outgassing, gluing) with the glass come in.

Da die Glaspreßtechnik für optische Anwendungen sich noch weit­ gehend im Entwicklungsstadium befindet, sind nur wenige Verfah­ ren beschrieben. Die bisher bekannten Verfahren verwenden als Formenmaterial Graphit oder Siliziumcarbid (europäische Patent­ anmeldung 01 46 315), in die die Linsenform geschliffen wird.Since the glass pressing technology for optical applications is still far are in the development stage, there are only a few processes ren described. The previously known methods use as Mold material graphite or silicon carbide (European patent application 01 46 315) into which the lens shape is ground.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren zur Veredelung von Formenmaterialien für die Glaspreßtechnik zu schaffen, damit diese die oben geforderten Eigenschaften er­ füllen.The invention has for its object a method for Refinement of mold materials for glass pressing technology too create so that he the properties required above to fill.

Diese Aufgabe wird gemäß dem Kennzeichen des Anspruchs 1 ge­ löst. Vorteilhafte Ausführungsformen und Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind in den Unteransprüchen enthalten.This object is ge according to the characterizing part of claim 1 solves. Advantageous embodiments and developments of Invention are contained in the subclaims.

Im Gegensatz zu den bisherigen Verfahren verwendet das erfin­ dungsgemäße Verfahren kostengünstige, hochtemperaturfeste und gut bearbeitbare Materialien (Metalle und Nichtmetalle) und überzieht diese mit einer Folge von aufgestäubten, metallischen Schichten, die nach erfolgter Diffusion die geforderten Eigen­ schaften erfüllen. Vorzugsweise können als Grundmaterial die Metalle NiCrSi und Ni und als Nichtmetall Al2O3-Keramik ge­ wählt werden.In contrast to the previous methods, the method according to the invention uses inexpensive, high-temperature-resistant and easily machinable materials (metals and non-metals) and coats them with a series of dusted, metallic layers which, after diffusion, have the required properties. The metals NiCrSi and Ni and the non-metal Al 2 O 3 ceramic can preferably be selected as the base material.

Ein weiterer Vorteil besteht darin, daß die aufgestäubten Schichten erneuert werden können, ohne das Grundmaterial und damit die Form wieder mechanisch bearbeiten zu müssen.Another advantage is that the dusted Layers can be renewed without the base material and so that the shape has to be machined again.

Ausführungsbeispiel:Design example:

In diese Grundmaterialien (Metalle und Nichtmetalle) wird mit einem spanabhebenden Verfahren die gewünschte Form, zum Bei­ spiel Linsenform, geschnitten. Durch einen ersten Aufstäubpro­ zeß werden diese Materialien mit einer geeigneten Haftschicht überzogen, zum Beipsiel Ti, Ni, NiCr für die Metalle und TiPd für die Al2O3-Keramik. In mehreren Schichten werden dann ab­ wechselnd Gold bzw. Platin aufgestäubt. Die Schichtdickenver­ hältnisse sind dem jeweiligen Glastyp angepaßt. Sehr gute Er­ gebnisse werden mit 90-95 Vol-Prozent Platin und 5-10 Vol- Prozent Goldanteil erzielt. Bis zu einem Temperaturbereich von 1000°C ist eine Gesamtschichtdicke von 1 bis 2 µm ausreichend. Die auf diese Weise hergestellten Preßformen zeigen keine Wech­ selwirkung mit dem Glas (Blasenbildung und Kleben).The desired shape, for example lens shape, is cut into these basic materials (metals and non-metals) using a cutting process. Through a first dusting process, these materials are coated with a suitable adhesive layer, for example Ti, Ni, NiCr for the metals and TiPd for the Al 2 O 3 ceramic. Gold and platinum are then alternately dusted in several layers. The layer thickness ratios are adapted to the respective glass type. Very good results are achieved with 90-95 vol percent platinum and 5-10 vol percent gold. Up to a temperature range of 1000 ° C, a total layer thickness of 1 to 2 µm is sufficient. The molds produced in this way show no interaction with the glass (blistering and sticking).

Claims (5)

1. Verfahren zur Veredelung von Formenmaterialien zum Pressen von Glasgegenständen, vorzugsweise Glaslinsen und Prismen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als hoch­ temperaturfestes und gut bearbeitbares Grundmaterial Metalle und Nichtmetalle verwendet werden, in die die Linsenform ein­ geschnitten ist und die anschließend mit einer Folge von metal­ lischen Schichten überzogen werden.1. A method for refining mold materials for pressing glass objects, preferably glass lenses and prisms, characterized in that metals and non-metals are used as the high temperature-resistant and easily machinable base material, into which the lens shape is cut and which then mix with a sequence of metal Layers are covered. 2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekenn­ zeichnet, daß als Metalle vorzugsweise NiCrSi und Ni und als Nichtmetall Al2O3-Keramik verwendet wird.2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that NiCrSi and Ni are preferably used as metals and Al 2 O 3 ceramic as non-metal. 3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekenn­ zeichnet, daß die Schichten aus einer Haftschicht (zum Beispiel Ti, Ni, NiCr für die Metalle und TiPd für die Al2O3- Keramik) und einer zweiten Schicht aus Gold bzw. Platin und deren Legierungen bestehen.3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the layers of an adhesive layer (for example Ti, Ni, NiCr for the metals and TiPd for the Al 2 O 3 ceramic) and a second layer of gold or platinum and the like Alloys exist. 4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekenn­ zeichnet, daß die zweite Schicht aus einer Legierung von 90 bis 95 Vol-Prozent Platin und 5 bis 10 Prozent Vol-Pro­ zent Goldanteil besteht.4. The method according to claim 3, characterized records that the second layer of an alloy from 90 to 95 percent by volume platinum and 5 to 10 percent by volume pro there is a percentage of gold. 5. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekenn­ zeichnet, daß die Schichten aufgestäubt, aufgedampft oder chemisch abgeschieden werden.5. The method according to claim 1, characterized records that the layers are dusted, evaporated or be deposited chemically.
DE19883809836 1988-03-23 1988-03-23 Modification of mould materials for pressing glass Withdrawn DE3809836A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19883809836 DE3809836A1 (en) 1988-03-23 1988-03-23 Modification of mould materials for pressing glass

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DE3809836A1 true DE3809836A1 (en) 1989-10-12

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0443794A1 (en) * 1990-02-20 1991-08-28 Ishizuka Garasu Kabushiki Kaisha Method and apparatus for manufacturing glass containers
EP0580112A1 (en) * 1992-07-21 1994-01-26 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Manufacturing method of glass optical elements having a fine concave and convex pattern and press-molding die therefor
DE4231511A1 (en) * 1992-09-21 1994-03-24 Schott Glaswerke Die and stamp for pressing glass articles - made from oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) superalloys based on iron@ or nickel@
EP0860404A1 (en) * 1997-02-21 1998-08-26 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Press-moulding die, method for manufacturing the same and use thereof for press-moulding a glass article

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3489576A (en) * 1966-08-04 1970-01-13 Gen Motors Corp Chemical nickel plating
DE1771504B2 (en) * 1967-06-01 1972-09-07 Kaman Sciences Corp., Colorado Springs, CoI. (V.St.A.) PROCESS FOR THE MANUFACTURING OF HARD OXIDE CERAMIC PRECISION MOLDED BODIES
DE3135720C2 (en) * 1981-09-09 1983-10-27 Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München Process for the production of a structure of metal layers for thin-film conductor tracks
EP0164930A1 (en) * 1984-05-17 1985-12-18 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Molding method for producing optical glass element
EP0191618A1 (en) * 1985-02-08 1986-08-20 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Mold for press-molding glass optical elements and a molding method using the same
US4643518A (en) * 1984-03-19 1987-02-17 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Metallic rotational polygon mirror
DE3608854A1 (en) * 1986-03-17 1987-09-24 Leitz Ernst Gmbh USE OF AN OXIDE CERAMIC MATERIAL FOR PRESSING TOOLS FOR MOLDING COMPONENTS FROM GLASS OR A GLASS-CONTAINING CERAMIC HIGH SURFACE QUALITY AND MEASUREMENT ACCURACY

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3489576A (en) * 1966-08-04 1970-01-13 Gen Motors Corp Chemical nickel plating
DE1771504B2 (en) * 1967-06-01 1972-09-07 Kaman Sciences Corp., Colorado Springs, CoI. (V.St.A.) PROCESS FOR THE MANUFACTURING OF HARD OXIDE CERAMIC PRECISION MOLDED BODIES
DE3135720C2 (en) * 1981-09-09 1983-10-27 Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München Process for the production of a structure of metal layers for thin-film conductor tracks
US4643518A (en) * 1984-03-19 1987-02-17 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Metallic rotational polygon mirror
EP0164930A1 (en) * 1984-05-17 1985-12-18 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Molding method for producing optical glass element
EP0191618A1 (en) * 1985-02-08 1986-08-20 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Mold for press-molding glass optical elements and a molding method using the same
DE3608854A1 (en) * 1986-03-17 1987-09-24 Leitz Ernst Gmbh USE OF AN OXIDE CERAMIC MATERIAL FOR PRESSING TOOLS FOR MOLDING COMPONENTS FROM GLASS OR A GLASS-CONTAINING CERAMIC HIGH SURFACE QUALITY AND MEASUREMENT ACCURACY

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
JP 60-176930 A. In: Patents Abstracts of Japan, C-325, January 29, 1986, Vol. 10, No. 23 *
JP 62-3031 A. In: Patents Abstracts of Japan, C-426, June 5, 1987, Vol. 11, No. 176 *

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0443794A1 (en) * 1990-02-20 1991-08-28 Ishizuka Garasu Kabushiki Kaisha Method and apparatus for manufacturing glass containers
EP0580112A1 (en) * 1992-07-21 1994-01-26 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Manufacturing method of glass optical elements having a fine concave and convex pattern and press-molding die therefor
DE4231511A1 (en) * 1992-09-21 1994-03-24 Schott Glaswerke Die and stamp for pressing glass articles - made from oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) superalloys based on iron@ or nickel@
EP0860404A1 (en) * 1997-02-21 1998-08-26 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Press-moulding die, method for manufacturing the same and use thereof for press-moulding a glass article
US6119485A (en) * 1997-02-21 2000-09-19 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Press-molding die, method for manufacturing the same and glass article molded with the same

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