DE3710265A1 - System for the early detection of fires covering large areas - Google Patents

System for the early detection of fires covering large areas

Info

Publication number
DE3710265A1
DE3710265A1 DE19873710265 DE3710265A DE3710265A1 DE 3710265 A1 DE3710265 A1 DE 3710265A1 DE 19873710265 DE19873710265 DE 19873710265 DE 3710265 A DE3710265 A DE 3710265A DE 3710265 A1 DE3710265 A1 DE 3710265A1
Authority
DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
infrared sensors
fire
plant according
scan
information signals
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
DE19873710265
Other languages
German (de)
Inventor
Gernot Dr Wandel
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Telefunken Systemtechnik AG
Original Assignee
Licentia Patent Verwaltungs GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Licentia Patent Verwaltungs GmbH filed Critical Licentia Patent Verwaltungs GmbH
Priority to DE19873710265 priority Critical patent/DE3710265A1/en
Publication of DE3710265A1 publication Critical patent/DE3710265A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
    • G08B17/005—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion for forest fires, e.g. detecting fires spread over a large or outdoors area
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
    • G08B17/12—Actuation by presence of radiation or particles, e.g. of infrared radiation or of ions

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  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Fire-Detection Mechanisms (AREA)
  • Photometry And Measurement Of Optical Pulse Characteristics (AREA)

Abstract

In order to permit fire fighting in good time, manned observation towers are known which are disadvantageously labour intensive. The novel system permits an extended fire to be detected and located through the detection of raised temperatures. Arranged on masts (1) standing at prescribed distances from one another are rotating infrared sensors (4) which scan an area at risk of fire and determine the position of a fire over an extended area by means of their elevation angles ( beta ), which represent one-dimensional spatial resolutions, and the azimuth angle range ( alpha ), which is determined by the angular positions of the infrared sensors (4). A central evaluation station is provided for receiving and for evaluating information signals corresponding to the measurement results of the infrared sensors (4). Continuously rotating infrared sensors (4) can be used. It is also possible for the elevation angles ( beta ) to change continuously during the rotation of the infrared sensors (4) up to a maximum value, with the result that the fields of view of the infrared sensors scan the monitoring areas along a spiral track. The system is particularly suitable for detecting forest fires. <IMAGE>

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Anlage gemäß dem Oberbegriff von Anspruch 1.The invention relates to a system according to the preamble of claim 1.

In den Sommermonaten kommt es in Südeuropa immer häufiger vor, daß ausgedehnte Waldgebiete in Brand geraten. Um diese zumeist großflächigen Brände erfolgreich und schnell bekämpfen zu können, ohne daß die Umwelt großen Schaden nimmt, ist eine rechtzeitige Erkennung der Brandherde erforderlich. Bisher können hierfür bemannte Beobachtungstürme angeführt werden, die nachteiligerweise personalintensiv sind.In the summer months it is more and more common in southern Europe that extensive Forest areas caught fire. Around these mostly large-scale fires to fight successfully and quickly without making the environment big If damage occurs, timely detection of the source of the fire is required. So far manned observation towers can be cited for this are disadvantageously personnel-intensive.

Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Anlage zu schaffen, mit der eine Erkennung und Lokalisierung eines Flächenbrandes durch den Nachweis erhöhter Temperaturen ermöglicht wird.The object of the invention is therefore to create a system with the detection and localization of a conflagration by the Detection of elevated temperatures is made possible.

Die Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß gelöst durch die kennzeichnenden Teilmerkmale von Anspruch 1. The object is achieved according to the invention by the characterizing sub-features of claim 1.  

Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind in den Unteransprüchen 2 bis 8 be­ schrieben.Embodiments of the invention are in the dependent claims 2 to 8 be wrote.

Besondere Vorteile der Erfindung liegen in einer automatischen Meldung und Angabe des genauen Ortes eines Brandherdes und in der Selbstüber­ wachungsmöglichkeit der Anlage. Ein weiterer Vorteil ist in einer Anlage zu sehen, die keine Verkabelung zwischen den einzelnen Masten erfordert.Particular advantages of the invention are automatic reporting and indication of the exact location of a fire source and in the self over possibility of monitoring the system. Another advantage is in a plant to see that does not require any wiring between the individual masts.

In der Zeichnung ist ein Ausführungsbeispiel nach der Erfindung dargestellt, und zwar zeigtIn the drawing, an embodiment according to the invention is shown, and shows

Fig. 1 eine auf einem Mast angeordnete Anlage mit einem Infrarotsensor, einer photovoltaischen Spannungserzeugungseinrichtung und einer Hochfre­ quenzsendeantenne, Fig. 1 a arranged on a mast system with an infrared sensor, a photovoltaic power generation device and a Hochfre quenzsendeantenne,

Fig. 2 ein Schema für eine typische Aufstellung von Masten in einem ebenen Gelände, und Fig. 2 is a diagram for a typical installation of masts in a flat area, and

Fig. 3 eine Skizze, die den Zusammenhang zwischen verschiedenen Elevations­ winkeln eines Infrarotsensors und seinen Gesichtsfeldwinkeln ver­ deutlicht. Fig. 3 is a sketch that illustrates the relationship between different elevation angles of an infrared sensor and its visual field angles.

Gemäß Fig. 1 ist ein Mast 1 auf einem nicht bezeichneten Fundament angeord­ net, wobei der Mast 1 mit Hilfe von Abspannseilen 2 in seiner vertikalen Lage gesichert ist. An der Spitze des Mastes 1 sind ein Solargenerator 3, der z. B. aus acht Modulen bestehen kann, nicht dargestellte Speicher­ batterien mit zugehörenden Spannungsregeleinrichtungen, ein Infrarotsensor 4 und eine Hochfrequenzsendeantenne 5 befestigt. Für die genannten Bauele­ mente stellt der Solargenerator 3 die erforderliche elektrische Leistung bereit, wobei er vorzugsweise in Südrichtung weist und um einen Winkel gegen die Horizontale geneigt ist, der der geographischen Breite seines Auf­ stellungsortes entspricht.Referring to FIG. 1 a mast 1 in a non-designated foundation is angeord net, wherein the mast is secured 1 by means of guy ropes 2 in its vertical position. At the top of the mast 1 are a solar generator 3 , the z. B. may consist of eight modules, storage batteries, not shown, with associated voltage regulating devices, an infrared sensor 4 and a high-frequency transmission antenna 5 attached. For the above-mentioned components, the solar generator 3 provides the necessary electrical power, preferably facing south and inclined at an angle to the horizontal that corresponds to the geographic latitude of its location.

Der Infrarotsensor 4 rotiert, beispielsweise kontinuierlich, um einen Azimut­ winkel α und ist zudem um einen Elevationswinkel β drehbeweglich angeordnet. Es kann vorgesehen sein, daß der Infrarotsensor 4 während seiner ozimutalen Drehungen seinen Elevationswinkel β kontinuierlich bis zu einem Maximalwert ändert, so daß seine Gesichtsfelder die Überwachungsbereiche entlang einer Spiralbahn abtasten. Der Zusammenhang zwischen zwei Gesichtsfeldern γ 1, γ 2 und zwei Elevationswinkeln β 1 und β 2 ist aus Fig. 3 für zwei Beispiele ersichtlich, wo für die zwei Elevationswinkel β 1 und b 2 die Objektiv­ öffnungswinkel γ 1 und γ 2 eingezeichnet sind. Die Höhe des Mastes 1 ist gegenüber dem Gesichtsfelddurchmesser sehr stark vergrößert dargestellt. Die Objektivöffnungswinkel werden benötigt, um verschieden weit vom Mast 1 entfernte Zonen des Gesichtsfeldes mit der gleichen Auflösung auf die ak­ tive Fläche des Infrarotsensors 4 abzubilden. Man erkennt, daß bei größeren Entfernungen mit kleineren Öffnungswinkeln gearbeitet werden muß. Auch kann sich die Brennweite der Sensoroptik mit den Elevationswinkeln β₁, β₂ derart verstellen, daß das benötigte Auflösungsvermögen des Infrarotsensors 4 für den ganzen Überwachungsbereich ungefähr konstant bleibt.The infrared sensor 4 rotates, for example continuously, by an azimuth angle α and is also arranged to be rotatable by an elevation angle β . It can be provided that the infrared sensor 4 continuously changes its elevation angle β during its ozimuthal rotations up to a maximum value, so that its visual fields scan the monitoring areas along a spiral path. The relationship between two visual fields γ 1 , γ 2 and two elevation angles β 1 and β 2 can be seen from FIG. 3 for two examples, where the lens aperture angles γ 1 and γ 2 are shown for the two elevation angles β 1 and b 2 . The height of the mast 1 is shown very greatly enlarged compared to the field of view diameter. The lens opening angles are required to image zones of the field of view at different distances from the mast 1 with the same resolution on the active surface of the infrared sensor 4 . It can be seen that smaller distances have to be used for larger distances. Also, the focal length of the sensor optics can be adjusted with the elevation angles β ₁, β ₂ in such a way that the required resolution of the infrared sensor 4 remains approximately constant for the entire monitoring area.

Über die Hochfrequenzsendeantenne 5, die auf eine zentrale Auswertestation ausgerichtet ist, werden den Meßergebnissen des Infrarotsensors 4 entsprechende Informationssignale per Richtfunk übertragen. Die die Informationssignale empfangende Auswertestation kann z. B. dann ein Brandalarmsignal auslösen, wenn in vorgegebenen Zeitabständen ausgesandte Informationssignale ausbleiben.Information signals corresponding to the measurement results of the infrared sensor 4 are transmitted via directional radio via the radio-frequency transmission antenna 5 , which is aligned with a central evaluation station. The evaluation station receiving the information signals can e.g. B. then trigger a fire alarm signal when there are no information signals transmitted at predetermined time intervals.

Um einen Flächenbrand von einer vorgegebenen Anzahl von Quadratmetern, beispielsweise 5 m², als Flächenbrand zu erkennen, kann die Empfindlichkeit des Infrarotsensors 4 derart gewählt sein, daß eine Temperatur von mehr als 200°C über einer abgetasteten Fläche zur Auslösung eines Brandalarmsignals führt. Eine lückenlose Überwachung eines Geländes wird durch mehrere, in regelmäßigen Abständen angeordnete Anlagen ermöglicht, deren Sensorgesichtsfelder sich geringfügig überschneiden, wie dieses aus Fig. 2 ersichtlich ist.In order to recognize a conflagration of a predetermined number of square meters, for example 5 m², as a conflagration, the sensitivity of the infrared sensor 4 can be selected such that a temperature of more than 200 ° C. over a scanned area leads to the triggering of a fire alarm signal. A continuous monitoring of a site is made possible by several systems arranged at regular intervals, whose sensor fields of view overlap slightly, as can be seen from FIG. 2.

Claims (8)

1. Anlage zur Früherkennung von großflächigen Bränden, insbesondere von Waldbränden, um eine rechtzeitige Brandbekämpfung zu ermöglichen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß auf in vorgegebenen Abständen zueinander stehenden Masten (1) rotierende Infrarotsensoren (4) angeordnet sind, die eine brand­ gefährdete Fläche abtasten und die Lage eines großflächigen Brandes mittels ihrer eindimensionale Ortsauflösungen darstellenden Elevationswinkel (β) und durch die Winkelstellungen der Infrarotsensoren (4) bestimmten Azimut­ winkelbereich (α) ermitteln, und daß eine zentrale Auswertestation zum Empfang und zur Auswertung von den Meßergebnissen der Infrarotsensoren (4) entsprechenden Informationssignalen vorgesehen ist.To allow 1. System for the early detection of large-scale fires, especially forest fires, to provide timely fire fighting, characterized in that arranged on each other at predetermined intervals masts (1) rotating the infrared sensors (4), which scan a fire risk area and Determine the location of a large-scale fire using its elevation angle ( β ) representing one-dimensional spatial resolutions and the azimuth angle range ( α ) determined by the angular positions of the infrared sensors ( 4 ), and that a central evaluation station for receiving and evaluating information signals corresponding to the measurement results of the infrared sensors ( 4 ) is provided. 2. Anlage nach Anspruch 1, gekennzeichnet durch kontinuierlich rotierende Infrarotsensoren (4).2. Plant according to claim 1, characterized by continuously rotating infrared sensors ( 4 ). 3. Anlage nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sich während der Drehung der Infrarotsensoren (4) die Elevationswinkel (β) kontinuierlich bis zu einem Maximalwert ändern, so daß die Gesichtsfelder der Infrarotsen­ soren die Überwachungsbereiche entlang einer Spiralbahn abtasten. 3. Plant according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that during the rotation of the infrared sensors ( 4 ), the elevation angle ( β ) change continuously up to a maximum value, so that the visual fields of the infrared sensors scan the monitoring areas along a spiral path. 4. Anlage nach Anspruch 1, 2 oder 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sich mit den Elevationswinkeln (β) automatisch die Brennweite der Sensoroptiken derart verstellen, daß das benötigte Auflösungsvermögen der Infrarotsen­ soren (4) für den ganzen Überwachungsbereich ungefähr konstant bleibt.4. Plant according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that with the elevation angles ( β ) automatically adjust the focal length of the sensor optics such that the required resolution of the infrared sensors ( 4 ) remains approximately constant for the entire monitoring area. 5. Anlage nach Anspruch 1, 2, 3 und 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Empfindlichkeit der Infrarotsensoren (4) derart gewählt ist, daß eine Temperatur von mehr als 200°C über einer abgetasteten Fläche von einer vorgegebenen Anzahl von Quadratmetern (z. B. 5 m2) als Flächenbrand er­ kannt wird.5. Plant according to claim 1, 2, 3 and 4, characterized in that the sensitivity of the infrared sensors ( 4 ) is selected such that a temperature of more than 200 ° C over a scanned area of a predetermined number of square meters (z. B. 5 m 2 ) as wildfire he is known. 6. Anlage nach Anspruch 1, gekennzeichnet durch mittels Richtfunksignale an die zentrale Auswertestation übermittelte Informationssignale.6. System according to claim 1, characterized by means of directional radio signals Information signals transmitted to the central evaluation station. 7. Anlage nach Anspruch 1 oder 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Auswerte­ station dann ein Brandalarmsignal auslöst, wenn in vorgegebenen Zeitab­ ständen ausgesandte Informationssignale ausbleiben.7. Plant according to claim 1 or 6, characterized in that the evaluations station then triggers a fire alarm signal if at a predetermined time emitted information signals would fail to appear. 8. Anlage nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß an den Masten (1) aus Solargeneratoren (3) und Speicherbatterien bestehende Spannungserzeugungseinrichtung zur Bereitstellung elektrischer Leistung für die Infrarotsensoren (4) und Richtfunkeinrichtungen vorhanden sind.8. Installation according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that existing on the masts ( 1 ) from solar generators ( 3 ) and storage batteries existing voltage generating device for providing electrical power for the infrared sensors ( 4 ) and directional radio devices.
DE19873710265 1987-03-28 1987-03-28 System for the early detection of fires covering large areas Withdrawn DE3710265A1 (en)

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Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GR890100820A (en) * 1989-12-13 1992-05-12 Alexiou Apostolos D Automatic system for teledetecting fire and transmission of in formation
DE4221833A1 (en) * 1991-07-05 1993-01-14 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd Early stage fire detector using heat imaging - achieved by gp. of pyroelectric type elements suspended from ceiling
US5218345A (en) * 1991-03-01 1993-06-08 Cerberus Ag Apparatus for wide-area fire detection
DE19603828A1 (en) * 1996-02-02 1997-08-07 Sel Alcatel Ag Device for generating an alarm and for monitoring an area
US5734335A (en) * 1989-12-20 1998-03-31 Finmeccanica S.P.A. Forest surveillance and monitoring system for the early detection and reporting of forest fires
FR2811456A1 (en) * 2000-07-10 2002-01-11 Giat Ind Sa Equipment for detecting start of fires in protected zone, comprises array of infra red detectors which are connected to microprocessor and visual warning units such as smoke generators or lights
WO2004008407A1 (en) * 2002-07-16 2004-01-22 Gs Gestione Sistemi S.R.L. System and method for territory thermal monitoring
EP1596348A1 (en) * 2004-05-14 2005-11-16 General Contractor SRL Method, apparatus and system for optimised detection of events in a geographical area
WO2007054630A1 (en) * 2005-11-10 2007-05-18 Smart Packaging Solutions (Sps) Method and device for detecting forest fires
RU2650347C1 (en) * 2017-03-20 2018-04-11 Дмитрий Анатольевич Горяченков Method of the natural fires recognition in sub-horizon areas

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GR890100820A (en) * 1989-12-13 1992-05-12 Alexiou Apostolos D Automatic system for teledetecting fire and transmission of in formation
US5734335A (en) * 1989-12-20 1998-03-31 Finmeccanica S.P.A. Forest surveillance and monitoring system for the early detection and reporting of forest fires
US5218345A (en) * 1991-03-01 1993-06-08 Cerberus Ag Apparatus for wide-area fire detection
DE4221833A1 (en) * 1991-07-05 1993-01-14 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd Early stage fire detector using heat imaging - achieved by gp. of pyroelectric type elements suspended from ceiling
DE19603828A1 (en) * 1996-02-02 1997-08-07 Sel Alcatel Ag Device for generating an alarm and for monitoring an area
FR2811456A1 (en) * 2000-07-10 2002-01-11 Giat Ind Sa Equipment for detecting start of fires in protected zone, comprises array of infra red detectors which are connected to microprocessor and visual warning units such as smoke generators or lights
WO2004008407A1 (en) * 2002-07-16 2004-01-22 Gs Gestione Sistemi S.R.L. System and method for territory thermal monitoring
EP1596348A1 (en) * 2004-05-14 2005-11-16 General Contractor SRL Method, apparatus and system for optimised detection of events in a geographical area
WO2007054630A1 (en) * 2005-11-10 2007-05-18 Smart Packaging Solutions (Sps) Method and device for detecting forest fires
FR2893743A1 (en) * 2005-11-10 2007-05-25 Smart Packaging Solutions Sps METHOD AND DEVICE FOR DETECTING FIRE IN A DRILL
RU2650347C1 (en) * 2017-03-20 2018-04-11 Дмитрий Анатольевич Горяченков Method of the natural fires recognition in sub-horizon areas

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Owner name: TELEFUNKEN SYSTEMTECHNIK GMBH, 7900 ULM, DE

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