DE3710150C2 - - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a method for converting Energy by means of a hybrid system working with renewable or fossil fuels Energy converters and device for carrying out the process, especially using wind energy converters and internal combustion engines, all energy converters on egg  ne common machine, designed for variable Speeds or a common consumer work.

Hybrid energy supply systems are characterized by the arrangement of at least two energy converters by different primary energy sources.

A distinction is made between systems in which all Components with regenerative primary energy sources and such systems where regenerative and fossil primary energy sources are used.

As are known for. B. for generating electrical current Watch energy converters that operate at constant speed to be on the generator they are driving or generators of electrical current of a predetermined frequency to be able to decrease, for example for feeding into a network with 50 Hz.

In such systems, the prescribed frequency adhered to regardless of optimal use, both the regenerative primary energy supply, as well as the load and speed dependent, minimal fossil consumption Energy sources.

The known systems have one for each of the two systems Electricity generator serving on, their coupling done on the electrical side.

While energy converters working with regenerative primary energy e.g. B. Wind energy converter with regard to storage capacity depend on the constantly changing energy supply, is the energy at with fossil primary energy working energy converters z. B. Diesel engines available at any time.

Only in combination with one that can be called up at any time working energy converter or a large secondary energy storage systems are working with renewable energy Energy converter z. B. Wind energy converter available at any time Energy supply for one or more only from this energy source dependent consumer.

Conventional solutions using regenerative primary energy converters use the energy supply at constant speed insufficient.

Energy converters working with fossil fuels e.g. B. Internal combustion engines demonstrate in part-load operation constant speed a specifically high fuel consumption on. In addition, unnecessarily high speeds shorten the Internal combustion engine their lifespan.

The comparable technology of network-guided systems is suitable only for symmetrically loaded, low-resistance and stable interconnected networks. The technology for feeding into weak networks is constructive and technically complex or required a DC link with an inverter. Plants that meet both requirements, what Regions with unreliable grid supply is imperative require considerable effort according to the prior art on the electrical side of the system.

In this context, a system is known, the Control concept and energy processing assumes that Wind turbine always with maximum power yield operate. The energy not to be covered by the wind required by one operated with storable primary energy Engine applied.

In this known training it is provided that the Wave power of the wind turbine an electric motor driving first generator and the motor with a second generator feeding a consumer network is coupled and be with the help of an anemometer opened the excitation power of the motor Sufficient wind supply controls such that the speed of the generator is practically constant and a speed controller the excess energy by means of an adjustable equal richters to a shunt circuit of the motor if that Wind energy supply the output withdrawn via increases.

The energy converter working with fossil fuel, e.g. B. a diesel engine, both under load and without Load with the constant speed demanded by the generator operated. This leads to an unnecessarily high fuel consumption need and also increased wear on the compo engine due to unnecessarily high speeds.

It is also in principle in this context too Solutions with purely mechanical means conceivable.

So a solution for an electric drive is pure mechanical means known in the synchronous generator a differential gear from the sum of two speeds is driven, one of which is constant and one of them Given synchronous motor and the other adjustable by one Leonard rate is determined.

The object of the present invention is as a hybrid system working with fossil and regenerative energy converters Energy supply systems with regard to optimal utilization of the regenerative energy supply and in relation to one minimal consumption of fossil fuels with minimal possible speeds to improve.

The task is also intended to be significantly reduced the component and operating costs for the entire system and especially for the electrical system part be solved.

The task is according to the invention by the features of claim 1 or 2 and in a further advantageous embodiment by the features of the following claims solved.

With a method according to the invention or a method according to the invention A facility for carrying out the process will be a optimal utilization of the regenerative energy supply achieved and the operation of those working with fossil fuels Energy converter takes place with minimal fuel consumption.

Operation at load-dependent speed leads to extension the service life of those working with fossil fuels Energy converters (e.g. diesel engines).

In addition, according to the structure of the invention Establishment or significant advantages according to the procedure due to the considerable reduction in construction costs, in particular of the electrical system part.

The training according to the invention or the one according to the invention The process is not limited to primary energy sources described type. The features are transferable z. B. on turbines or solar interacting in hybrid systems generators or the like.

The use of working according to the well-known Darrieus principle Wind energy converters, made possible by the vertical Rotor rotation axis the arrangement of the drive near the ground. The double-fed generator, whose rotor runs both from Wind energy converter as well as from the internal combustion engine is drivable, provides a variable input speed constant frequency of the delivered electrical energy (single or multi-phase).

The invention is the operating characteristic of the energy converter of working or trained according to the invention Based on the hybrid system.

The operating characteristic of the wind is marked energy converter in that

• - the power is proportional to the 3rd power of the windge is speed, being
• - the rotor speed to achieve optimal performance changed proportionally to the wind speed will and where
• - A wind speed assigned to each speed which provides an upper limit power.

The characteristic of the internal combustion engine is marked as a result of that

• - at a fixed speed, in certain areas, with decreasing output the specific fuel consumption increases that
• - The minimization of fuel consumption is a load-dependent Speed required and that
• - The life of an internal combustion engine with decreasing speed increased.

The machine speed is free optimization system parameters. The speeds of the wind energy converter and the speeds of the internal combustion engine result derive from the ratio of the input and Output of the gearbox to the working machine (Generator). They are also in a fixed relationship to each other.

For example, result from the regulated excitation generator speed set according to wind and demand the current power shares  both energy converters. From the maps z. B. of diesel engines and wind energy converters derives from the fact that the maximization of the Share of the wind energy converter in hybrid operation at one Minimum fuel consumption leads.

The central controller of the hybrid system controls the fuel flow so that with a minimum, if necessary with the share of the wind energy converter by the consumer requested service is provided.

The speed of the generator and thus the speed of the wind Energy converters are just at such a height held that at the prevailing wind speed the Wind energy converter provides the necessary power share. Short-term energy supply and demand peaks are compensated by short-term storage.

In the drawing are exemplary embodiments according to the invention shown, which are described in more detail below. It shows

Fig. 1 in a schematic representation of the structure of a device for generating electrical energy as a hybrid system,

FIGS. 2a and 2b, the characteristic diagrams of a power plant Darieus wind or a diesel engine at an updated display and with exemplary operating points and the

Fig. 3a to 3g in a schematic representation, for example, arrangements of the components of the hybrid system.

The hybrid system according to FIG. 1, for example, works with an energy converter in the form of a wind energy converter based on the Darrieus principle with a vertical axis of rotation and an energy converter in the form of a diesel internal combustion engine working with fossil energy sources.

In Fig. 1, 1 denotes the wind energy converter overall, 2 the internal combustion engine designed as a diesel engine, and 3 an alternating current synchronous generator which can be connected individually or jointly to the wind energy converter 1 and to the internal combustion engine 2 . 4 also denotes the overall control of the wind turbine 1 and 5 the control of the diesel engine 2 , 6 a generator controller and 7 the central operating controller of the hybrid system. The central controller 7 influences both the generator controller 6 and the controller 4 of the wind energy converter 1 and the controller 5 of the internal combustion engine 2 .

In detail, the wind energy converter 1 consists in a known manner of the rotor 10 with its perpendicular rotor axis of rotation 11 and the rotor blades 12 with a cross-sectional profile. The rotor blades 12, which are curved outwards in an arc shape according to the Darrieus principle, are fixedly connected to the rotor axis of rotation 11 via carrier parts. Furthermore, an upper and lower pivot bearing for the rotatable reception of the rotor axis of rotation 11 and bracing 14 anchoring at the upper end of the rotor mast and anchored to the ground are provided. The rotor axis of rotation 11 can be coupled to the rotor 30 of the AC synchronous generator 3 , which will be explained in more detail later.

The diesel engine 2 of conventional design is connected to the rotor 30 of the synchronous generator 3 with its output shaft or output shaft 20 , just like the rotor axis of rotation 11 of the wind turbine 1 .

The connection of the rotor axis of rotation 11 of the wind turbine 1 and the output shaft 20 of the internal combustion engine 2 takes place by means of an overrunning clutch 31 and 32 , respectively, on the rotor 30 of the synchronous generator 3 in such a way that the system components 1 and 2 , each operating at a higher speed, operate automatically is able to couple or decouple to the rotor 30 of the generator 3 . In the case of the described hybrid, autonomous energy supply systems, the various operating modes follow from the services required by the consumer and offered by system components 1 and 2 .

For the power components of system components 1 and 2 , the characteristic operating states are as follows

a) V < W / V = W - DL,
b) V = W / V = W,
c) V < W / V = W + D,
d) V = 0 / V = D ,

where V stands for the demand of the consumer, W for the power component of the wind energy converter 1 and D for the power component of the internal combustion engine 2 (diesel engine).

The rotor 30 of the synchronous generator 3 is driven via the rotor axis of rotation 11 of the wind energy converter 1 by means of a transmission 35 which, in the present exemplary embodiment, brings about a translation. The gear 35 is inserted between the rotor axis of rotation 11 and the overrunning clutch 31 in the drive shaft train for the rotor 30 of the synchronous generator 3 . Furthermore, a braking device 37 is provided for the wind turbine 1 . The braking device 37 is actuated via the controller 6 at given, predetermined wind speeds.

A starter motor, not described here, arranged z. B. between clutch 31 and gear 35 , is provided as a starting aid for the working according to the Darrieus wind energy converter 1 .

In the case of an embodiment with a synchronous generator 3 , a network-guided frequency converter 40 is provided for frequency adjustment before the current generated is fed into a local network 41 (consumer) of a certain frequency.

The characteristic diagram of the wind energy converter 1 is shown in FIG. 2a and that of the diesel internal combustion engine 2 in FIG. 2b, specifically in an adapted representation and with exemplary operating points.

In the diagram according to FIG. 2a, the power P _W / P _{WN is} plotted against the speeds n / n _{N of} the wind energy converter 1 . The curves v / v _N (v _N = nominal wind speed) indicate the performance curve.

The optimal operating curve is also entered in the diagram.

In the associated diagram according to FIG. 2b, the power P _D / P _{DN is also} plotted against the speeds n / n _{N of} the internal combustion engine 2 , adapted to the diagram according to FIG. 2a. The curves B / B _N indicate the fuel consumption and the curves b / b _min the specific fuel consumption.

The mode of operation according to the method or the device is described using an example as follows. According to the characteristic diagrams of the wind energy converter 1 and the internal combustion engine 2 according to FIGS. 2a and 2b, if the total rated power of the generator 3 is required by the consumers 41, the rated value v / v _N = 0.8 in the case of a wind speed of 80% the wind energy converter 1 at point A 1 if it is kept at the nominal speed. The missing contribution is made by the internal combustion engine 2 at the operating point A 2 , even if it is running at the rated speed. If the speed n / n _{N of} the wind energy converter 1 can adapt to the maximum of the characteristic curve, the point B 1 is set . The power component of the internal combustion engine 2 falls back to the operating point B 2 at a constant speed, the fuel consumption B / B _{N of} the internal combustion engine 2 decreasing by approximately 10%.

With a generator 3 common to both components, the operating number is initially free; the regulation must determine the optimum.

Starting again from the wind speed v / v _N = 0.8, the possible wind energy component, transferred to the map of the internal combustion engine 2 , calculated downwards from the horizontal P _D / P _DN = 1, is limited by the curve 1 - P _W / P _WD , on which the operating point A 2 is also located.

The area below it thus corresponds to the necessary contribution of the internal combustion engine 2 .

The optimum is then where the contribution of the internal combustion engine 2 can be realized with a minimum of fuel, that is to say at the operating point C 2 .

The fuel saving in comparison to the working point A 2 for the present example is approximately 20%. The (in relation to a nominal speed for 50 Hz) to a high proportion of the operating time lower speed results in an extension of the life of the internal combustion engine 2 by a multiple.

In the case of the drawing in Fig. 3a to Fig. 3g embodiments shown are the generators 3 with BMK designated G, the engine 2 and with the V connected to the generators consumers. Furthermore, the wind energy converter 1 according to FIG. 1 is shown in the form of a stylized Darrieus rotor. The gears are shown in FIG. 1 are denoted by 21 and 35 and the overrunning couplings in accordance with 31 and 32 respectively.

M is a drive motor and 48 are consumers V working as pumps.

In Fig. 3a, as an embodiment compared to the embodiment according to Fig. 1, one generator G is assigned to both the wind energy converter 1 and the internal combustion engine BKM . The parts of the power generated by the wind energy converter or the internal combustion engine are combined here via the generators G to a common consumer V.

In Fig. 3b the wind energy converter 1 via a gear 35 and an overrunning clutch is connected to the generator G 31. At the same time, the internal combustion engine BKM of the design is connected to the generator G via an overrunning clutch 32 . The consumer V is fed by the generator G.

In Fig. 3c, a by a wind energy converter 1 immediately driven generator G and a second generator G is provided by a wind energy converter 1 via a gear 35 and an overrunning clutch 31 and, on the other hand, driven by an internal combustion engine BKM of an overrunning 32nd Here, the two generators G work on the consumer V.

According to FIG. 3d, it is provided to combine a wind energy converter 1 and an internal combustion engine each via an overrunning clutch 31 or 32 and a transmission 35 and to connect them to a generator G by means of the output of the transmission and an overrunning clutch 31 . The generator G is also driven by a further internal combustion engine BKM by means of an overrunning clutch 32 .

In Fig. 3e, a wind energy converter 1 and the other two internal combustion engines BKM one hand are provided. The wind energy converter 1 works via a gear 35 and an overrunning clutch 31 on one of two generators G , which simultaneously connects to one of the internal combustion engines BKM via an overrunning clutch 32 . The second generator is driven by the second internal combustion engine BKM and the two generators work together on the consumer V.

In the embodiment according to Fig. 3f, a wind converter 1 and an internal combustion engine BKM is provided, wherein the wind energy converter and the internal combustion engine per work on the generator G through an overrunning clutch 31 and 32 respectively. The generator G feeds a drive motor M , to the output shaft of which the pump wheel of a feed pump 48 is connected.

Finally, in the embodiment according to FIG. 3g, the wind energy converter 1 works directly on the drive shaft of the pump wheel of a feed pump 48 via an overrunning clutch. An assigned to the wind energy converter 1 internal combustion engine BKM is in this case by means of an overrunning clutch 31 and a gear 35 connected to the drive shaft of the pump 48 or the output shaft of the wind energy converter 1 .

Claims (14)

1.Procedure for converting energy by means of energy converters working together with regenerative or fossil energy sources and a device for carrying out the method, in particular using wind energy converters and internal combustion engines, all energy converters being designed for a common working machine, designed for variable speeds or one common consumers work, characterized in that

• - Both the wind converter ( 1 ) and the internal combustion engine ( 2 ) are externally managed, the wind energy converter ( 1 ) working as a function of the controlled variables,
  • - wind speed (V / V _N )
  • - rotor speed (n / n _N ) and
  • - torque
    and the internal combustion engine ( 2 ) as a function of the controlled variables
  • - current fuel consumption (B / B _N ) ,
  • - current speed (n / n _N ) and
  • - instantaneous torque, and
• that further
• - The wind energy converter ( 1 ) depending on the specification of the current output power (P _W / P _WN ) ,
• - The internal combustion engine ( 2 ), depending on the specification of the current fuel supply (B / B _N ) and
• - The work machine ( 3 ) works in dependence on the specification of a central operating controller ( 7 ) superordinate to the component controls ( 4 or 5 ).

2. Device for converting energy by means of energy converters connected to a hybrid system working with regenerative or fossil fuels, for example for carrying out the method according to claim 1, characterized in that

• - The or the wind energy converter ( 1 ) and the internal combustion engine ( 2 ) by means of a central operating controller ( 7 ) in relation to the speeds are externally managed that
• - The external management of the wind energy converter ( 1 ) depending on the wind speed (v / v _N ) , the rotor speed (n / n _N ) and the torque and
• - The external management of the internal combustion engines ( 2 ) in dependence on the current fuel consumption (B / B _N ) and the current speed (n / n _N ) that further
• - The central operating controller ( 7 ) controls ( 4 and 5 ) of the wind energy converter ( 1 ) or the internal combustion engines ( 2 ) are arranged, forming
  • - Signals of the specification of the output power (P _W ) for the wind energy converter ( 1 )
  • - Signals of the specification of the current size of the fuel supply (B / B _N ) to the internal combustion engines ( 2 ) or
  • - Signals of the specification of the power according to the consumption (B / B _N ) and their distribution to the wind energy converters ( 1 ) and the internal combustion engines ( 2 ) common machines ( 3, 6 ).

3. Device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that each of the primary energy converter ( 1 or 2 ) is assigned a work machine ( 3 ). 4. Device according to claim 1 to 3, characterized in that two types of primary energy converter ( 1 or 2 ) is assigned a common working machine ( 3 ). 5. Device according to claim 1 to 4, characterized in that each type of primary energy converter ( 1 or 2 ) is provided one or more times. 6. Device according to claim 1 to 5, characterized in that a double-fed generator ( 3, 6 ) is provided as the working machine. 7. Device according to claim 1 to 6, characterized in that the generator ( 3 ) is designed for constant output frequency at a variable input speed. 8. Device according to claim 1 to 7, characterized in that one or more energy storage devices ( 45 ) are provided for bridging energy supply or loading fluctuations. 9. Device according to claim 1 to 8, characterized in that for converting the regenerative primary energy, wind energy converter ( 1 ) with a vertical rotor axis ( 11 ) are used. 10. The device according to claim 1 to 9, characterized in that the parameters (B _min ,, consumer request) of the management by the central operating controller ( 7 ) can be selected to adapt to different priorities. 11. The device according to claim 1 to 10, characterized in that to adjust the speed range of each of the primary energy converter ( 1 or 2 ) to the speed range of the driven machine ( 3 ) torque converter ( 35, 21 ) are provided. 12. The device according to claim 1 to 11, characterized in that in an arrangement with two or more primary energy converters working on a common generator ( 3 ) ( 1 or 2 ) between the generator ( 3 ) and each of the primary energy converters ( 1 or 2 ) an automatically operating clutch ( 31; 32 ) is used as a function of their speeds. 13. Device according to claim 1 to 12, characterized in that overrunning clutches ( 31, 32 ) are provided as clutches. 14. Device according to claim 1 to 13, characterized in that the power shares of the individual primary energy converter ( 1 or 2 ) are unequal.