DE3637549A1 - Measuring device for testing the dielectric properties of biological tissues - Google Patents

Measuring device for testing the dielectric properties of biological tissues

Info

Publication number
DE3637549A1
DE3637549A1 DE19863637549 DE3637549A DE3637549A1 DE 3637549 A1 DE3637549 A1 DE 3637549A1 DE 19863637549 DE19863637549 DE 19863637549 DE 3637549 A DE3637549 A DE 3637549A DE 3637549 A1 DE3637549 A1 DE 3637549A1
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DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
dielectric properties
testing
measuring device
biological tissue
tissue
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
DE19863637549
Other languages
German (de)
Inventor
Hans Dr Med Rosenberger
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Individual
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Individual
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Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to DE19863637549 priority Critical patent/DE3637549A1/en
Publication of DE3637549A1 publication Critical patent/DE3637549A1/en
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/05—Detecting, measuring or recording for diagnosis by means of electric currents or magnetic fields; Measuring using microwaves or radio waves 
    • A61B5/0507—Detecting, measuring or recording for diagnosis by means of electric currents or magnetic fields; Measuring using microwaves or radio waves  using microwaves or terahertz waves
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B3/00—Apparatus for testing the eyes; Instruments for examining the eyes
    • A61B3/10—Objective types, i.e. instruments for examining the eyes independent of the patients' perceptions or reactions
    • A61B3/16—Objective types, i.e. instruments for examining the eyes independent of the patients' perceptions or reactions for measuring intraocular pressure, e.g. tonometers
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/02—Detecting, measuring or recording pulse, heart rate, blood pressure or blood flow; Combined pulse/heart-rate/blood pressure determination; Evaluating a cardiovascular condition not otherwise provided for, e.g. using combinations of techniques provided for in this group with electrocardiography or electroauscultation; Heart catheters for measuring blood pressure
    • A61B5/026—Measuring blood flow
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/05—Detecting, measuring or recording for diagnosis by means of electric currents or magnetic fields; Measuring using microwaves or radio waves 
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/41—Detecting, measuring or recording for evaluating the immune or lymphatic systems
    • A61B5/411—Detecting or monitoring allergy or intolerance reactions to an allergenic agent or substance

Abstract

Device for testing the dielectric properties of biological materials and changes in these properties, characterised in that microwaves in the range from 10 GHz to about 100 GHz are radiated on to the test field. By measuring a defined part of the reflected energy conclusions are drawn about the absorbed energy and thus about the dielectric properties of the test material. The invention describes how the device is employed for measuring changes in the surfaces of organs and how it serves to measure the intraocular pressure. Moreover, it can be employed for flow measurements in blood vessels.

Description

Beim Auftreffen elektromagnetischer Wellen auf Haut, Schleimhaut oder andere Organoberflächen wird ein Teil der eingestrahlten Energie absorbiert, ein Teil wird reflektiert. Die reflektierte Energiemenge hängt ab von den dielektrischen Eigenschaften des untersuchten Objektes und der verwendeten Frequenzen. Lit. hierzu:When electromagnetic waves hit the skin, mucous membrane or other organ surfaces becomes part of the irradiated Energy is absorbed, some is reflected. The reflected The amount of energy depends on the dielectric properties of the examined object and the frequencies used. Lit. on this:

Stüttgen G. , Flesch U.: Dermatologische Thermographie. Abb. 2.16. Weinheim, Deerfield Beach, Florida; Basel. Edition Medizin 1984.Stüttgen G., Flesch U .: Dermatological thermography. Fig.2.16. Weinheim, Deerfield Beach, Florida; Basel. Edition Medicine 1984.

Bei konstanter Frequenz hängt der reflektierte Energieanteil direkt von den dielektrischen Eigenschaften des untersuchten Materials ab. Durch Wahl einer geeigneten Frequenz kann die Tiefe bestimmt werden, bis zu der hin diese Dielektrizitätseigen­ schaften gemessen werden sollen. Sichtbares Licht und Infrarot sind wegen der zu geringen Ein­ dringtiefe für diese Meßaufgaben nicht geeignet. Für die Untersuchung von Organoberflächen und deren Struktur­ änderungen wird daher die Verwendung des Frequenzbandes von ca. 10 GigaHertz eingeführt. Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf die Konstruktion eines Meßge­ rätes, mit dem man unter Verwendung dieses Frequenzbandes die Oberflächeneigenschaften und die des direkt darunter liegenden Gewebes durch Meßung der dielektrischen Eigenschaften charak­ terisiert.At a constant frequency, the reflected energy component depends directly from the dielectric properties of the investigated Material. By choosing an appropriate frequency, the depth be determined up to which these dielectric properties should be measured. Visible light and infrared are due to the low on penetration depth not suitable for these measuring tasks. For the investigation of organ surfaces and their structure The use of the frequency band of approx. 10 GigaHertz introduced. The invention relates to the construction of a Meßge advises using this frequency band Surface properties and those of the directly below Fabric by measuring the dielectric properties terized.

Angewendet soll das Gerät in der Allergologie zur objektiven Erfassung von Hauttestreaktionen bei Mensch und Tier, außerdem in der Dermatologie zur Messung der Hautbeschaffenheit unter normalen und pathologischen Bedingungen und zur Messung ihrer pharmakologischen Beeinflussung. In der Angiologie können mit dem Gerät Strömungsmessungen oberflächlich verlaufender Blut­ gefäße durchgeführt werden. In der Ophthalmologie können mit dem Gerät Messungen des Augeninnendrucks erfolgen, wobei die berührungslose Messung von besonderem Vorteil ist. Die von einem Generator gelieferten Mikrowellen werden über einen Hohl-Leiter oder Fest-Leiter auf das zu untersuchende Objekt gestrahlt. Ein zweiter Leiter nimmt einen definierten Teil der reflektierten Mikrowellen auf und führt sie einem Meßgerät zu. Da für die Meßung nur geringe Energiemengen er­ forderlich sind und die Meßung berührungslos erfolgen kann, wird das Meßobjekt durch den Meßstrahl nicht beeinflußt.The device is used in allergology for objective Recording of skin test reactions in humans and animals, moreover in dermatology to measure skin texture under normal and pathological conditions and to measure their pharmacological interference. In angiology you can use blood flow on the device vessels are carried out. In ophthalmology, with measurements of the intraocular pressure are carried out on the device, the non-contact measurement is of particular advantage. The microwaves supplied by a generator are over a hollow conductor or fixed conductor on the one to be examined Object blasted. A second leader takes a defined one Part of the reflected microwaves and leads them to you Measuring device too. Because he measured only small amounts of energy for the measurement are required and the measurement can take place without contact,  the measuring object is not influenced by the measuring beam.

Claims (14)

1. Meßgerät zur Prüfung der dielektrischen Eigenschaften biologischer Gewebe, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß elektro­ magnetische Wellen im Frequenzbereich von ca 10 GHz bis ca 100 GHz auf das zu untersuchende Gewebe gestrahlt werden und aus der reflektierten Energie oder Teilen davon auf die dielektrischen Eigenschaften des Gewebes geschlossen wird.1. Measuring device for testing the dielectric properties of biological tissue, characterized in that electromagnetic waves in the frequency range from about 10 GHz to about 100 GHz are radiated onto the tissue to be examined and from the reflected energy or parts thereof to the dielectric properties of the tissue becomes. 2. Meßgerät zur Prüfung der dielektrischen Eigenschaften biologischer Gewebe, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zur Erzeu­ gung der Mikrowellen sowohl klassische Bauelemente infrage kommen wie auch Halbleiterbauteile, z. B. Gunn-Dioden oder Impatt-Dioden oder ähnliche. Als Detektoren dienen Bolo­ meter oder Dioden. Der Schaltungsaufbau kann konventionell mit Fest- oder Hohl-Leitern erfolgen oder in Mikrostreifen­ technik.2. Measuring device for testing the dielectric properties biological tissue, characterized in that the Erzeu the microwave both classic components in question come as well as semiconductor components, e.g. B. Gunn diodes or Impatt diodes or the like. Bolo serve as detectors meters or diodes. The circuit structure can be conventional with solid or hollow conductors or in micro strips technology. 3. Meßgerät zur Prüfung der dielektrischen Eigenschaften biologischer Gewebe, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Gerät ein elektrisches Ausgangssignal liefert, das einer elektronischen Datenverarbeitungsanlage zugeführt wird, welche einmalig oder fortlaufend Ist- und Soll-Wert vergleicht und mit weiteren Daten verknüpft und das Ergebnis speichert und ausdruckt.3. Measuring device for testing the dielectric properties biological tissue, characterized in that the device provides electrical output signal that an electronic Data processing system is supplied, which is unique or continuously compares actual and target values and others Data is linked and the result is saved and printed. 4. Meßgerät zur Prüfung der dielektrischen Eigenschaften biologischer Gewebe, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Gerät im Bereich der Allergologie Hauttest-Reaktionen objektiv meßbar macht.4. Measuring device for testing the dielectric properties biological tissue, characterized in that the device in the field of allergology skin test reactions objectively makes measurable. 5. Meßgerät zur Prüfung der dielektrischen Eigenschaften biologischer Gewebe, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß damit bei Wahl einer geeigneten Frequenz der Augeninnendruck berührungs­ los gemessen werden kann.5. Measuring device for testing the dielectric properties biological tissue, characterized in that Choosing a suitable frequency of intraocular pressure can be measured. 6. Meßgerät zur Prüfung der dielektrischen Eigenschaften biologischer Gewebe, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß durch ge­ eignete Frequenzwahl Strömungsmessungen in oberflächlich verlaufenden Blutgefäßen erfolgen können.6. Measuring device for testing the dielectric properties biological tissue, characterized in that by ge suitable frequency choice flow measurements in superficial trending blood vessels. 7. Meßgerät zur Prüfung der dielektrischen Eigenschaften biologischer Gewebe, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Frequenz des Oszillators wahlweise fest oder aber variabel eingestellt werden kann, so daß mit einem einzigen Gerät unterschiedliche Meßaufgaben durchgeführt werden können.7. Measuring device for testing the dielectric properties biological tissue, characterized in that the frequency of the oscillator either fixed or variable can be so that with a single device different  Measurement tasks can be carried out. 8. Meßgerät zur Prüfung der dielektrischen Eigenschaften biolo­ gischer Gewebe, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Energieabgabe des Oszillators durch Vorschalten eines Abschwächers regelbar ist.8. Measuring device for testing the dielectric properties biolo gischer tissue, characterized in that the energy release of the oscillator can be regulated by connecting an attenuator is. 9. Meßgerät zur Prüfung der dielektrischen Eigenschaften biologischer Gewebe, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Meßung einmalig oder fortlaufend (dynamisch) erfolgen kann.9. Measuring device for testing the dielectric properties biological tissue, characterized in that the measurement can be done once or continuously (dynamic). 10. Meßgerät zur Prüfung der dielektrischen Eigenschaften biologischer Gewebe, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Messung aufgrund der starken Bündelung der verwendeten elektro­ magnetischen Strahlung berührungslos erfolgen kann.10. Measuring device for testing the dielectric properties biological tissue, characterized in that the measurement due to the strong bundling of the electro used magnetic radiation can be done without contact. 11. Meßgerät zur Prüfung der dielektrischen Eigenschaften biologischer Gewebe, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die geome­ trische Anordnung von biologischem Gewebe, Meßstrahl und reflektiertem Strahl fest vorgegeben werden kann oder variabel ist.11. Measuring device for testing the dielectric properties biological tissue, characterized in that the geome trical arrangement of biological tissue, measuring beam and reflected beam can be fixed or is variable. 12. Meßgerät zur Prüfung der dielektrischen Eigenschaften biologischer Gewebe, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß durch Wahl verschiedener Meßpunkte im Abtastverfahren eine Fläche bildlich dargestellt werden kann.12. Measuring device for testing the dielectric properties biological tissue, characterized in that by Selection of different measuring points in the scanning process Area can be depicted. 13. Meßgerät zur Prüfung der dielektrischen Eigenschaften biologischer Gewebe, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß durch Wahl verschiedener Frequenzen und damit unterschiedlicher Eindringtiefen nicht nur ein flächenhaftes, sondern auch ein dreidimensionales Bild der untersuchten Strukturen möglich ist.13. Measuring device for testing the dielectric properties biological tissue, characterized in that by Choice of different frequencies and therefore different Depths of penetration not only an area, but also a three-dimensional image of the structures examined is possible. 14. Meßgerät zur Prüfung der dielektrischen Eigenschaften biologischer Gewebe, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß im Falle der Verwendung von Hohl-Leitern der zum Empfänger führende Hohl-Leiter vom Sende-Hohlleiter unabhängig ist oder aber daß Sende- und Empfangs-Hohlleiter durch das elektrische Feld gekoppelt sind.14. Measuring device for testing the dielectric properties biological tissue, characterized in that in the case the use of hollow conductors leading to the receiver Hollow conductor is independent of the transmission waveguide or else that transmit and receive waveguide through the electrical Field are coupled.
DE19863637549 1986-11-04 1986-11-04 Measuring device for testing the dielectric properties of biological tissues Ceased DE3637549A1 (en)

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DE3637549A1 true DE3637549A1 (en) 1988-05-11

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Cited By (35)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1993018395A1 (en) * 1992-03-10 1993-09-16 Christopher Barnes Apparatus for determining the physical and/or chemical properties of a sample, particularly of blood
US5583432A (en) * 1994-04-11 1996-12-10 Sci-Nostics Limited Electrical method and apparatus for non-contact determination of physical and/or chemical properties of a sample, particularly of blood
DE19705769A1 (en) * 1997-02-14 1998-08-20 Siemens Ag Monitoring device for radial and axial clearance between blades and housing of turbo engine
EP1460936A2 (en) * 2002-01-04 2004-09-29 Dune Medical Devices Ltd. Method and system for examining tissue according to the dielectric properties thereof
WO2005115235A1 (en) * 2004-05-26 2005-12-08 Medical Device Innovations Limited Tissue detection and ablation apparatus and apparatus and method for actuating a tuner
US7355420B2 (en) 2001-08-21 2008-04-08 Cascade Microtech, Inc. Membrane probing system
US7420381B2 (en) 2004-09-13 2008-09-02 Cascade Microtech, Inc. Double sided probing structures
US7492172B2 (en) 2003-05-23 2009-02-17 Cascade Microtech, Inc. Chuck for holding a device under test
US7656172B2 (en) 2005-01-31 2010-02-02 Cascade Microtech, Inc. System for testing semiconductors
US7681312B2 (en) 1998-07-14 2010-03-23 Cascade Microtech, Inc. Membrane probing system
US7688062B2 (en) 2000-09-05 2010-03-30 Cascade Microtech, Inc. Probe station
US7688097B2 (en) 2000-12-04 2010-03-30 Cascade Microtech, Inc. Wafer probe
US7688091B2 (en) 2003-12-24 2010-03-30 Cascade Microtech, Inc. Chuck with integrated wafer support
US7720532B2 (en) 2004-03-23 2010-05-18 Dune Medical Ltd. Clean margin assessment tool
US7723999B2 (en) 2006-06-12 2010-05-25 Cascade Microtech, Inc. Calibration structures for differential signal probing
US7750652B2 (en) 2006-06-12 2010-07-06 Cascade Microtech, Inc. Test structure and probe for differential signals
US7759953B2 (en) 2003-12-24 2010-07-20 Cascade Microtech, Inc. Active wafer probe
US7764072B2 (en) 2006-06-12 2010-07-27 Cascade Microtech, Inc. Differential signal probing system
US7809425B2 (en) 2003-07-24 2010-10-05 Dune Medical Devices Ltd. Method and apparatus for examining a substance, particularly tissue, to characterize its type
US7876114B2 (en) 2007-08-08 2011-01-25 Cascade Microtech, Inc. Differential waveguide probe
US7888957B2 (en) 2008-10-06 2011-02-15 Cascade Microtech, Inc. Probing apparatus with impedance optimized interface
US7893704B2 (en) 1996-08-08 2011-02-22 Cascade Microtech, Inc. Membrane probing structure with laterally scrubbing contacts
US7898281B2 (en) 2005-01-31 2011-03-01 Cascade Mircotech, Inc. Interface for testing semiconductors
US7898273B2 (en) 2003-05-23 2011-03-01 Cascade Microtech, Inc. Probe for testing a device under test
US7904145B2 (en) 2004-03-23 2011-03-08 Dune Medical Devices Ltd. Clean margin assessment tool
US7969173B2 (en) 2000-09-05 2011-06-28 Cascade Microtech, Inc. Chuck for holding a device under test
US8019411B2 (en) 2002-01-04 2011-09-13 Dune Medical Devices Ltd. Probes, systems, and methods for examining tissue according to the dielectric properties thereof
US8032211B2 (en) 2002-01-04 2011-10-04 Dune Medical Devices Ltd. Probes, systems, and methods for examining tissue according to the dielectric properties thereof
US8069491B2 (en) 2003-10-22 2011-11-29 Cascade Microtech, Inc. Probe testing structure
US8147423B2 (en) 2007-03-01 2012-04-03 Dune Medical Devices, Ltd. Tissue-characterization system and method
US8195282B2 (en) 2001-11-19 2012-06-05 Dune Medical Devices Ltd Method and apparatus for examining tissue for predefined target cells, particularly cancerous cells, and a probe useful in such method and apparatus
US8319503B2 (en) 2008-11-24 2012-11-27 Cascade Microtech, Inc. Test apparatus for measuring a characteristic of a device under test
US8768485B2 (en) 2002-11-27 2014-07-01 Medical Device Innovations Limited Tissue ablation apparatus and method of ablating tissue
US9750425B2 (en) 2004-03-23 2017-09-05 Dune Medical Devices Ltd. Graphical user interfaces (GUI), methods and apparatus for data presentation
WO2023059613A3 (en) * 2021-10-08 2023-06-08 Natural Eye Care, Inc. Hand-held radar system to measure intraocular pressure

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Cited By (46)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1993018395A1 (en) * 1992-03-10 1993-09-16 Christopher Barnes Apparatus for determining the physical and/or chemical properties of a sample, particularly of blood
US5583432A (en) * 1994-04-11 1996-12-10 Sci-Nostics Limited Electrical method and apparatus for non-contact determination of physical and/or chemical properties of a sample, particularly of blood
US7893704B2 (en) 1996-08-08 2011-02-22 Cascade Microtech, Inc. Membrane probing structure with laterally scrubbing contacts
DE19705769A1 (en) * 1997-02-14 1998-08-20 Siemens Ag Monitoring device for radial and axial clearance between blades and housing of turbo engine
US7761986B2 (en) 1998-07-14 2010-07-27 Cascade Microtech, Inc. Membrane probing method using improved contact
US7681312B2 (en) 1998-07-14 2010-03-23 Cascade Microtech, Inc. Membrane probing system
US7688062B2 (en) 2000-09-05 2010-03-30 Cascade Microtech, Inc. Probe station
US7969173B2 (en) 2000-09-05 2011-06-28 Cascade Microtech, Inc. Chuck for holding a device under test
US7761983B2 (en) 2000-12-04 2010-07-27 Cascade Microtech, Inc. Method of assembling a wafer probe
US7688097B2 (en) 2000-12-04 2010-03-30 Cascade Microtech, Inc. Wafer probe
US7492175B2 (en) 2001-08-21 2009-02-17 Cascade Microtech, Inc. Membrane probing system
US7355420B2 (en) 2001-08-21 2008-04-08 Cascade Microtech, Inc. Membrane probing system
US9226979B2 (en) 2001-11-19 2016-01-05 Dune Medical Devices Ltd. Method and apparatus for examining tissue for predefined target cells, particularly cancerous cells, and a probe useful in such method and apparatus
US8195282B2 (en) 2001-11-19 2012-06-05 Dune Medical Devices Ltd Method and apparatus for examining tissue for predefined target cells, particularly cancerous cells, and a probe useful in such method and apparatus
US7184824B2 (en) 2002-01-04 2007-02-27 Dune Medical Devices Ltd. Method and system for examining tissue according to the dielectric properties thereof
US8019411B2 (en) 2002-01-04 2011-09-13 Dune Medical Devices Ltd. Probes, systems, and methods for examining tissue according to the dielectric properties thereof
US8032211B2 (en) 2002-01-04 2011-10-04 Dune Medical Devices Ltd. Probes, systems, and methods for examining tissue according to the dielectric properties thereof
EP1460936A4 (en) * 2002-01-04 2005-04-13 Dune Medical Devices Ltd Method and system for examining tissue according to the dielectric properties thereof
EP1460936A2 (en) * 2002-01-04 2004-09-29 Dune Medical Devices Ltd. Method and system for examining tissue according to the dielectric properties thereof
US8768485B2 (en) 2002-11-27 2014-07-01 Medical Device Innovations Limited Tissue ablation apparatus and method of ablating tissue
US7898273B2 (en) 2003-05-23 2011-03-01 Cascade Microtech, Inc. Probe for testing a device under test
US7492172B2 (en) 2003-05-23 2009-02-17 Cascade Microtech, Inc. Chuck for holding a device under test
US7876115B2 (en) 2003-05-23 2011-01-25 Cascade Microtech, Inc. Chuck for holding a device under test
US7809425B2 (en) 2003-07-24 2010-10-05 Dune Medical Devices Ltd. Method and apparatus for examining a substance, particularly tissue, to characterize its type
US8069491B2 (en) 2003-10-22 2011-11-29 Cascade Microtech, Inc. Probe testing structure
US7688091B2 (en) 2003-12-24 2010-03-30 Cascade Microtech, Inc. Chuck with integrated wafer support
US7759953B2 (en) 2003-12-24 2010-07-20 Cascade Microtech, Inc. Active wafer probe
US11179053B2 (en) 2004-03-23 2021-11-23 Dilon Medical Technologies Ltd. Graphical user interfaces (GUI), methods and apparatus for data presentation
US7720532B2 (en) 2004-03-23 2010-05-18 Dune Medical Ltd. Clean margin assessment tool
US7904145B2 (en) 2004-03-23 2011-03-08 Dune Medical Devices Ltd. Clean margin assessment tool
US9750425B2 (en) 2004-03-23 2017-09-05 Dune Medical Devices Ltd. Graphical user interfaces (GUI), methods and apparatus for data presentation
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