DE3611016A1 - Method of coding graphic characters, particularly characters of the Chinese language, which are made up of strokes - Google Patents

Abstract

Published without abstract.

Description

1. Encoding of Chinese characters by lines or line combinations and universal coding of the languages.

All languages of the world, whether Chinese characters or different phonetic transcriptions, are two-dimensional illustrations, which consist of strokes. The strokes can can be categorized into multiple categories, and each dash a number is assigned. We now take the classification in eight categories as an example:

• 1 / Horizontal line
  2 / Vertical line
  3 / Left-swinging line
  4 / Right-swinging dash (including the period)
  5 / left hook
  6 / right hook
  7 / cruciform combination
  8 / closed combination (circle or square)

If characters (or letters) as 2-dimensional Illustrations are considered that consist of multiple strokes put together, these can be high or low, to the left or right. There is a character in the computer or to create a written language dictionary. Characters or Letters, according to the principle from top to bottom, from left to right, saved or retrieved. Here the coding of katakana, hiragana, greek and Russian as an example:

Some stroke combinations or relative graphic ones Positions of the dashes can be ambiguous when coding cause. This difficulty can be solved with the Solve computer easily. If from a letter two or three codes are created, they apply equally for this letter. That means you with everyone Code is in the right place.

The coding of the Chinese language is therefore stayed exceptionally difficult because Chinese Language, apart from a huge amount of characters (over 57,000 in total), extremely complicated stroke combinations having.

If the strokes are considered basic units, this is how the arrangement can look like can the coding according to writing order or relative graphic positions of the lines are done.

Coding according to the writing order can be a problem bring with it that different characters, since they have the same spelling rules, the same Get code. e.g. B .:

The coding according to the relative graphic positions (The strokes are made according to the principle "from above down "coded) this disadvantage can be significant avoid:

The comparison shows that the coding according to the relative graphic positions more advantageous is. The coding according to the writing order throws not only many characters of the same code, it has another disadvantage - ambiguity. "" For example, 244, 442, 424 has three options, and "" With its first three lines 215, 213, 125, 123 four ways. The writing order cannot at first glance, what the pace of work significantly impaired. The coding according to the relative graphic positions can be On the contrary, put everything out of the way.

Another problem is that Chinese characters have too many strokes, on average 11.  

Some characters can even have 30 lines. Superfluous for the identification of the characters Dashes must be disregarded:

• 1. It is mandatory that each root has one Character, at most a three-digit code be assigned and each character at most a six-digit code (the character same code becomes an identification number added).
• 2. Codes are kept as short as possible.
  In theory, the first character provides more information than the next, and so it goes on.
  There are 6763 Chinese language characters which are commonly used. Based on this, there are almost 6763 possibilities for the first character of a word if we play a word game. But the possibilities for the second character are greatly reduced by the first, so that only 106 characters are possible, namely reduced to about sixtieth, the character "" is used as an example; and for the example "" only 6 characters are possible, which can form a word with the two in front, thus reduced to about twentieth of the last example.
  The same applies to strokes of the characters. Some characters have a very complicated construction that can only be identified with a three-digit code, e.g. B .:
• 3. The characters become simplified codes added that are most commonly used e.g. B .:

2. Compact keypad and the guidance of the screen

The operating personnel are not required to the simplified codes and other mechanically to notice.

The object of this invention is to: To free operators from a lot of brain work and most of the work on the computer based on the screen to move.

The compact keypad is the keypad for dashes. For the eight different lines there are eight Keys needed:

With a function key, numeric keys at conventional computers or the like also for this purpose be used.

The guidance of the screen on the computer has that  Task, step by step the codes of the characters to notify the operating personnel. It happens in the following:

After the computer is turned on on the screen under digits eight characters evident.

These eight characters are among the few those used quite well under 6763 characters and each represent a kind of line. The Screen tells you that you are viewing only the must press the corresponding key if a Characters can be fed on the screen should.

Press the button 3), then shows a new picture on the screen:

Again, that's eight characters, too as quite commonly used characters from eighth  of 6763 characters are selected. According to the advertisement the character "" be fed in immediately if it is needed. If instead of "" "" is needed, you have to Press button 2), whereupon the picture again changes:

On request, "" can be entered immediately. If you have to enter "" "" only, you only need that Button 1). It continues like this.

According to statistics, there are eight characters that show on turning on the computer in the Documents comprising 20,000,000 characters Published 180,000 times, which makes up 9 percent. Over 50 percent characters can be duplicated Pressing the buttons can be found.

The process, characterized in that characters without code on the screen appear with the corresponding codes are also indicated on the screen, means "feed based on the guidance of the computer " Procedure is not just for coding the dashes  or stroke combinations, but also for encoding Chinese transcription and words.

3. The guiding system of coding the transcription

The transcription is encoded after the pronunciation, with the same sounding characters by lines or combinations of lines from each other can be distinguished. The commonly used Characters can be activated by pressing the key of the corresponding letter can be found, e.g. B .:

When you press the keys, there are 208 characters to be called up optionally, the frequency of which exceeds 50%.

The characters that do not belong to 208 must with full syllables, i.e. with consonants and vowels, be searched for. Here an old system becomes "a key - two symbols ": except five monophthongs, namely a, o, e, i, u, are another 21 Latin letters arranged in pairs as below:  

After j, q, x, z, c, s are only effective üan, ün, iong, when these buttons are depressed;

After j, q, x, n and l, g, h, o are only ia, üe and ü effective;

Excluded from the consonants, j, q, x, d, t, n, l, the d, q keys are changed completely, they mean uai and uang two vowels.

All characters that are retrieved this way can only be activated after two operations the keys optionally with correct transcription Mistake. After pressing the keys twice, appear ever nine on the screen sounding alike  Characters that can often be found.

For example: After the two buttons "x" and "i" have been pressed will appear on the screen nine characters, all pronounced "xi" are:

with the keys "g" and "u" the following characters appear, to pronounce the "gu":

with keys "x" and "l" are the following characters which can be read "xian":

Theoretically, these letters can be 26 × 26 = 676 syllables arise; indeed includes the Chinese Speech only over four hundred syllables, to whose Display on screen the same amount of often applied Characters with two key presses appear. In addition, each digit, the one Art line or line combination noted, represented. Since there are no characters under some digits there are some that meet the coding rules free spaces inevitable, e.g. B .:  

After the calculation you can press twice approximately 2500 characters can be called up, the frequency of which is 99% of the Chinese characters surpasses. That is, 99% characters of an article for example after pressing twice appear as desired. The characters, which are quite rare, according to the Coding of Chinese characters after the lines or combinations of lines selected above has been mentioned.

Because the coding of the transcription with another Coding is connected, so "letters + dashes or line combinations ", also" letters + numbers " the space bar is omitted been that one or two letter keys, one Numeric keys can each form a complete word and a clear separation comes about automatically. So the codes on approximately 2 keys / per character can be shortened, the length of the code being half of the Telegram (after each word, the space bar must be pressed are, i.e. 4 + 1 = 5). The input speed  is increased to over 6000 characters / hour been.

4. Entering the words with the computer guide

The computer guidance is particularly suitable for entering the words. A few words with the first character "" are used as examples, so appears the next picture on the screen after "B1" have been pressed:

Match the second character of the respective word depending on 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 eight digits that left standing properly. You only need "B11" three buttons to press when "" are recalled the third digit key gives the code of the highest Dashes from the word concerned.

For multi-syllable words you can use digit codes with be provided with a preceding letter, the  first letter of the transcription for that Character, the digits of the highest stroke follow the next character. We are leading to explain examples to: Jiefangjun (Liberation Army) J344, Kuomintang (the new phonetic transcription: Guomindang) G052. . . The coding of the words can be the length of the Codes for characters on less than two keys shorten.

Finally, a very practical example is given.

The Beÿinger Eisenbahnverwaltung intends to create a kind Develop vending machines for tickets that are better than today's product must be from Japan.

The ticket machines that are now at train stations Japan is not easy to use. Passengers must first make sure of which railway line the destination is located to then to know the price. For example: you want drive to Sagamiono. Above all, you have to find that the station on the branch line "Odakyu" and then you can look up the price.

A machine system with computer guidance for tickets will be used at Beÿinger Hauptbahnhof find, the screen of which is usually the following eight target stations shows:  

If you don't want to go to these eight cities, you should the number of the highest bar, the first Has characters of the destination station, z. B. if you press the "3" key, there are another eight Railway stations visible:

Insert money and print the station number, you are going to, the ticket is already coming out. This Procedure is much easier than the Japanese one

Claims (2)

1. A method for coding characters composed of lines, in particular characters of the Chinese language, characterized in that code numbers are assigned to the individual characters in accordance with the line arrangement. 2. Method for coding of composed of lines Characters, in particular characters the Chinese language, characterized by that according to the individual characters code numbers are assigned to the transcription.