DE3609245A1 - DEVICE FOR REGULATING THE IDLE SPEED OF AN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE - Google Patents

Description

description

The present invention relates to a device for regulating the idling operation of an internal combustion engine and especially to such a device that regulates the fuel supply to each cylinder in order to avoid uneven To minimize the distribution of the output power over the corresponding cylinders of a multi-cylinder machine and ensure stable operation.

When regulating the fuel injection amount in a multi-cylinder internal combustion engine, the fuel injection amount is previously controlled uniformly for all cylinders. The outputs of the corresponding cylinders are therefore due to manufacturing tolerances of the internal combustion engine itself and / or the fuel injection pump and the like not the same.

Non-uniformity of the aforesaid type causes a considerable decrease in the stability of the machine's operation when idling, which in turn increases the proportion of pollutants contained in the exhaust gases and also the Makes the machine vibrate. In addition, such vibrations usually generate disturbing noises.

In order to overcome the above disadvantages, various devices are available for regulating the flow in each cylinder of the engine injected fuel has been proposed, by which the individual cylinders are influenced separately.

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The inventors already have an improved, individual control system closed loop for regulating the average engine speed and with a second closed loop for regulating the amount of fuel proposed to be injected into each cylinder of the internal combustion engine; the second closed control loop can optionally are used (US patent application No. 779 222 corresponding to German patent application P 35 33 900.4).

However, since the control constants in the first closed control loop are the proposed system can be set to a constant value, regardless of whether the second closed control loop is used becomes or not, the operational stability of the individual sometimes deteriorates Control system even if the second closed control loop is used.

The invention is therefore based on the object of an improved device for regulating idling operation an internal combustion engine by using a single cylinder control system to specify.

Furthermore, a device for regulating the idling operation of a Internal combustion engine are proposed in which the idling takes place with very high stability, regardless of whether the control system for the regulation of the individual cylinders in connection with a closed control loop for the regulation of the average speed of the Internal combustion engine is used.

In addition, a device for regulating the idling operation of a Internal combustion engine are proposed according to the control system for the individual cylinders, in which the idling with low fuel consumption very stable.

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Finally, a device for regulating the idling operation of a Internal combustion engine created according to the operation for the individual cylinders in which the vibrations of the internal combustion engine continue to decrease.

This object is achieved by the invention specified in claim 1. Beneficial Refinements of the invention are the subject of the subclaims.

According to the present invention, a device for regulation the idle operation of an internal combustion engine a control system with a closed Loop having a first output for generating average speed data which is the average engine speed an internal combustion engine with several cylinders, a second output for generating data for the target speed, the one Show predetermined target speed when the internal combustion engine is idling, a first on the data for the average speed and the Data for the target speed responding computer for generating first control data relating to the fuel to be supplied to the internal combustion engine Relate amount to the target speed when the internal combustion engine is idling to obtain a processing device for processing the first control data, which the use of the control system with closed Loop at least for the proportional and integral (PI) control allows and one on the output signal from the processing device having responsive control device for controlling a speed adjuster to provide closed loop control for the Run idle speed of the internal combustion engine. The device furthermore has a detector for determining the operating time of the internal combustion engine, a first one to the output signal of the detector attractive arrangement for generating first data relating to the output signal of the respective cylinder of the internal combustion engine, a second arrangement, responsive to the first data, for iteratively calculating and generating differential data for each cylinder successively, with the differential data in relation to the difference stand between the output signals of the respective cylinders and a predetermined reference value, a second, responsive to the differential data Computer for calculating and generating second control data relating to the amount of fuel required to eliminate the

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- ^ r the differential data displayed difference is required, further in an output control device which responds to the output signal of the detector in order to output the second control data at a predetermined point in time before the subsequent adjustment of the fuel supplied to each cylinder, a control arrangement for controlling the supply of the second Control data from the output control device to the closed-loop control system to carry out ON / OFF control of the control mode for each cylinder, and a change device for changing the control constant in the processing means depending on the ON / OFF state of the control for the individual cylinders.

In the construction described above, a feedback loop to regulate the amount of fuel to compensate for the differences between the output signals to reduce the cylinder to 0, be provided in a feedback control loop to set the engine speed in the manner to regulate that the average engine speed is equal to the desired engine speed in idle mode. When the single cylinder control is carried out, the fuel injection amount becomes controlled so that the difference data is zero. It therefore becomes possible to determine the amplitudes of the angular velocity fluctuations to make the internal combustion engine equal. The vibration of the internal combustion engine can therefore can be decreased and the idle speed can also be decreased because of the generated by the engine Noise level drops. Furthermore, when the single cylinder control is carried out, the coefficients used for the proportional / integral rule calculation in a proportional / integral rule computer, which is part of the closed control loop, are used, changed in such a way that the proportional / integral control condition applies the individual cylinder control type is adapted. As a result, the single cylinder control can be performed more stably will. The result is more stable machine operation with lower fuel consumption.

The invention is described below with reference to preferred embodiments shown in the drawings explained in more detail. It shows:

Fig. 1 is a block diagram of an embodiment of a Idle control device according to the present invention;

FIGS. 2A to 2G are timing diagrams for explaining the operation of the device according to FIG. 1;

3 is a detailed block diagram of the speed detector in Fig. 1;

Figure 4 is a detailed block diagram of the spare timing detector in Fig. 1;

Figs. 5A to 51 are timing charts for explaining the operation the reserve timing detector in Fig. 4;

6 shows a further embodiment of the invention, that uses a microprocessor;

Fig. 7 is a flow chart of a control program included in the Microprocessor is implemented in the apparatus of Fig. 6, and

FIGS. 8 and 9 are detailed flow charts forming part of the flow chart of FIG.

Fig. 1 is a block diagram of an idle control device for an internal combustion engine according to the present invention, used here to regulate idling operation a diesel engine. The diesel engine 3 is supplied with fuel by a fuel injection pump 2 and the idling control device 1 serves to control the speed of the engine 3 during idling.

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A rotation sensor 7 is provided for a predetermined reference position of the crankshaft 4 of the diesel engine 3 to be determined. The rotation sensor 7 is of known type and consists of a pulse generator 5 and an electromagnetic one Pick-up coil 6. Since the diesel engine 3 in the present case is a four-stroke, four-cylinder engine is, around the circumference of the pulse generator 5 are a set of lugs 5a to 5d with an angular distance of 90 ° arranged. The angular position between the pulse generator 5 and the crankshaft 4 is such that when the pistons are in two of the four cylinders of the diesel engine 3 reach top dead center, the nose 5a or 5c of the electromagnetic one Pick-up coil 6 is directly opposite.

2A shows the instantaneous speed N of the diesel engine 3, and FIG. 2B shows the profile of an alternating current signal AC which is generated by the rotation sensor 7. Every time when a nose of the electromagnetic pick-up coil 6 is opposed, the alternating current signal changes its level from positive to negative polarity, so that a current curve is generated from pulse pairs that a positive impulse each time, followed by a negative one

Impulse, included. The times t., Tg, t, - t ₁₇ der

Rise points of the positive peaks correspond to the TDC instants of the pistons in the diesel engine 3. The instants t ₂ > t ₄ .... t, t correspond to the stated instants at which the crankshaft 4 has rotated through an angle greater than 90 ° after passing the TDC position. On the other hand, the times t., T ₃ > t ₅ t _{17 of} the minimum points of the instantaneous rotational speed N are the combustion start times of the cylinders. This arises from the fact that the instantaneous speed begins to increase when combustion occurs. On the other hand, begins at each of the times t _o , t. t " _c

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the instantaneous rotational speed N to decrease. Direct before each of the successive points in time at which ignition takes place, the instantaneous rotational speed is reached N is a minimum value. For this reason, the instantaneous rotation speed N of the diesel engine changes 3 periodic, the period of the fluctuations in rotational speed of half a revolution of the Crankshaft 4 corresponds.

Strictly speaking, in some cases the minimum points correspond the instantaneous rotational speed N is not within the TDC positions of the pistons during compression the cylinder, and the maximum points do not correspond to those positions that are 90 ° from the TDC position are shifted. To simplify the description let however, in the following it is assumed that the minimum points are shifted to the TDC positions and the maximum points are shifted by 90 ° Positions correspond.

The four cylinders of the diesel engine 3 are designated as cylinders C., C ”, Cg and C., the combustion processes for cylinders C. to C. being initiated _{at times t., T 3} , t ₅ and ty. In the following description, this sequence of combustion start times is assumed for the cylinders.

The relationships between the rise points of the alternating current signal AC, ie the points in time given by these rise points and the points in time of the corresponding cylinders, are determined as follows. A needle valve lift pulse signal NLP ₁ is generated by a needle valve lift sensor 9 of a fuel injection valve (not shown) mounted _{on the cylinder C 1} , and is supplied to a time detector 10 as a reference time signal. As

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2C shows, the needle valve lift pulse signal NLP _{1 is} emitted immediately before each combustion start time of the cylinder C ₁ , ie at the times t ^, t _g , t ₁₇ counting pulses of the alternating current signal AC and is reset by the needle valve lift pulse signal _{NLP 1.} The binary data representing the results of this counting are output as discrimination data Di. In this way it is easily possible to distinguish the relationship between a given rise point of the alternating current signal AC and the cylinder which has a corresponding operating time point. The discrimination data Di is supplied to a speed detector 8 via a changeover switch SW (which will be described below).

The speed detector 8 is used to determine the time intervals Q ₁₁ , G ₂₁ . O ₄₁ , O ₁₂ , θ ₂₂ , to measure that

the crankshaft 4 required to rotate 90 ° in each cylinder after the start of combustion, the measurement being on is performed based on the AC signal AC. Fig. 3 shows a circuit diagram of a specific embodiment of the speed detector 8. How to from Fig. 3 sees, the speed detector 8 contains a pulse generator 81, which emits counting pulses CP that with a constant frequency higher than that of the alternating current signal AC. The speed detector 8 also contains a counter 82 for counting the impulse CP. The counter 82 is provided with an input terminal 82a which receives counting pulses CP, one Start connection 82b for receiving start pulses which are used to reset the counter 82 and to start counting operation can be used, and with a stop connection 82c for

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would take from step pulses provided. These stop impulses are used to stop the counting operation of the counter 82 and keep the count unchanged. Output lines 83a and 84a of decoders 83 and 84 are connected to connections 82b, for example. 82c, and the discrimination data Di are fed to decoders 82 and 83.

As described above, the discrimination data Di expresses a count of a number of positive going pulses within the alternating current signal AC, the pulse counting being carried out by a counter determined by the needle valve lift pulse signal NLP. is reset. In the embodiment of FIG. 1, the time detector 10 is so constructed that the discrimination data Di is set to zero when the time detector 10 is reset _{by the signal NLP 1.} As, Fig. 2D, the discrimination data information Di is the time ₁ t is 1, at time t ~ is 2 and at time t ₃ the value 3 that is, the discrimination information Di is incremented each time by one when the positive-going Pulse of the alternating current signal AC is generated. Therefore, at the time tg it reaches a value of 8. Immediately prior to the time t _g, the distinctive information data Di by the supply of Nadelventilhubimpulssignals NLP ₁ is set to zero. Subsequently, the content of the discrimination data information Di changes sequentially one more time as described above.

Every time the discrimination data information Di takes one of 1, 3, 5 or 7, the level goes on the output line 83a of the decoder 83 upwards for a short time to the start connection 82b of the counter 82 to apply a start pulse. On the other hand, if the discrimination data information Di one of the values, 2, 4, 6

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or 8, then the level on the output line 84a of the decoder 84 goes up for a short time, and as As a result, a stop pulse is supplied to the stop terminal 82c of the counter 82.

The counter 82 therefore counts the clock pulses C ^J each time after the combustion _{start times (t ^, t 3>} t. J5 ...) during an interval which extends up to the point in time at which the crankshaft 4 has rotated 90 ° . As an output, the counter 82 generates the count data information CD which corresponds to one of the intervals O ₁₁ , Gp ₁ , ....

β * ,, G ₁₂ , · corresponds. The count data information CD

is fed to a converter 85, by which they are converted into data, each of the time intervals G ₁₁ ,

G _21,. represent. This converted data information

is sequentially outputted as the instantaneous rotating speed which is the instantaneous rotating speed of the machine expresses immediately after combustion in a cylinder.

The converted data information also indicates the magnitude of the output of the cylinder in which at that time the combustion takes place.

As described above, the speed detector outputs data which each of the time intervals G ₁₁ , G _21,. express each of which extends from a rising point of the alternating current signal AC (corresponding to the combustion start timings for engine cylinders) to the subsequent rising timing. Subsequently, the current data information expressing the current rotational speed with respect to the cylinder C is expressed as a sequence in which the determination by the speed detector is carried out, ie

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in the general form N., where η = 1.2,

The content of the _{current speed data information N 1n} output from the speed detector 8 is therefore as shown in Fig. 2E.

According to FIG. 1, the instantaneous speed data information N. is fed to an average value calculator 11 by which the average rotational speed of the diesel engine 3 is calculated. Reference numeral 12 denotes a target speed calculator which calculates a target idle speed based on the operating state of the diesel engine 3 at each instant and _{generates target speed data information N t} showing the results of this calculation. The target speed calculator 12 has a known structure, and the target speed _{data information N t} is generated to indicate the optimum idling speed based on the operating state of the diesel engine 1 as expressed by predetermined operating data OD for the diesel engine 3. A detailed description of the structure of the target speed calculator 12 is therefore not given here. In this case, it is also possible to use an arrangement, instead of the target speed calculator 12, by means of which constant data which are determined on the basis of a necessary target speed is generated. The circuit configuration for generating the target speed data information N. is therefore not limited to that shown in FIG.

The target speed data information N. becomes an adder 13, which also includes the average rotational speed data information R output by the average value calculator 11 is supplied, so that the average value R and the target value N. with the polarities shown in FIG can be added to each other. The result of this addition

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Ά-

is used as error data information De a first proportional / integral / difference (PID) Computer 14 are supplied, in which a data processing for the PID control is performed.

The result of the calculation in the first PID computer 14 is _{output as injection quantity data information Q ide} , which is fed to a converter 16 via an adder 15. The mean value data information N is also sent to the converter

16 supplied - In this way the data information Q. converted into a target position signal S., the one Setpoint for the position of an injection quantity control element

17 expresses, ie a value for this position which is so large that the error data information De is brought to zero. A position sensor 18 is used to determine the successive positions to which the injection quantity control element 17 is set in order to enable the fuel quantities injected by the fuel injection pump 2 to be set. For this purpose, the position sensor 18 generates an instantaneous position signal S ₂ as an output. which indicates the position to which the injection amount actuator 17 is currently set. This instantaneous _{position signal S 2} becomes the target position signal S ₁ . added by the converter 18 by an adder 19 with the polarities shown in FIG.

The addition output signal from the adder 19 is fed to a second PID computer 20, and after the Signal processing to carry out the PID control, the signal from the second PID computer 20 is a pulse width modulator 21 supplied. As a result, the pulse width modulator 21 generates a pulse signal PS showing a duty cycle which is determined according to the output from the second PID computer 20. The pulse signal PS is over

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ir a f> fe ΐΐ

a driver circuit 22 is supplied to an actuator 23 which adjusts the position of the injection quantity control element 17. In this way, the injection amount actuator 17 performs position control in such a way that the diesel engine is idling at the target idling speed will.

With the help of the closed control system described above, which is based on the average rotational speed and on the Instantaneous position of the injection quantity control element 17 responds, the rotation of the diesel engine 3 is controlled so that it is at the predetermined target idle speed matches.

The device 1 also contains a further closed control system for carrying out the control of individual cylinders, i.e. the "single cylinder control", whereby identical output powers can be generated at each of the cylinders of the diesel engine 3. This closed control system is now explained.

The closed-loop control system for the individual cylinder control is used to adjust the fuel supplied to each of the cylinders in such a way that the differences between the output powers of the corresponding cylinders are brought to zero. This control loop includes a speed difference calculator 24 which calculates the differences between the values of the instantaneous _{rotation speed representing the instantaneous angular velocity for each of the cylinders C. to C 4} on the basis of the instantaneous rotation speed data information N. and an instantaneous reference speed for a cylinder which is predetermined as a reference cylinder has been. In the present embodiment, the difference between the

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Instantaneous speed of rotation for a relevant cylinder and the instantaneous speed of rotation of the immediately preceding cylinder are used for the evaluation. In this way, the difference data becomes N ₁₁

^N 21 ' ^W 21 ~ ^N 31' ^N 31 " ^N 41 '**""are ^{sequentially output as the difference data Dd from the} speed difference calculator 24. The output timings of this speed difference data are shown in Fig. 2F. It is desirable that the instantaneous rotational speed values for the cylinders correspond to each other become identical, that is, the value of the difference data Dd becomes 0. For this reason, the difference data information Dd is added in an adder 25 to the reference data information Dr which is zero with the polarities shown in FIG Reference data generator 32. The result of this addition operation is _{output as control data information D Q} , the size of which determines the amount of fuel injection after it has been subjected to the processing required for PID control by a third PID calculator 26. The average data speed information N is updated each time when when a new eyes Viewing rotational speed data information is output from the speed calculator 8. In this way, the content of the data information N is as shown in Fig. 2G, that is, it varies in the sequence N., Np,

An output controller 27 is used to control the output time of the control output data D _Q on the basis of the difference data Dd. This output time is controlled in accordance with the discrimination data Di as described below.

The control output data D _Q , which at each special time

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point are generated based on the difference data with respect to two cylinders C. and C. .. The control output data information D _Q is provided with a value for controlling the fuel adjustment operation based on the combustion in cylinder C. follows, generated. This data information D _Q is added to the idle amount data information Q. which is output by the first PID computer 14 at this point in time. The addition takes place in the adder stage 15. For example, the difference data information N. (= N ... - N ₂₁ ) at time t _{4 expresses} the instantaneous rotational speed difference between the cylinders C. and Cp. The data information D _Q is therefore output at a time of at least slightly t prior to the time .. is, to which the cylinder Cp then starts the working cycle, and subsequently to the time t _g, at which the combustion in the cylinder C. begins . In this case, the control data information D _Q , which is based on the difference N ₁₁ -Np _1, is added to the idle _amount control data information Q ide, which corresponds to the average speed _{data information N 3.} As a result, the position adjustment of the injection quantity control actuator 17 is carried out in such a manner as to _{bring the foregoing speed difference N 11} - Np ₁ to zero, that is, such control is carried out that the values of the instantaneous _{velocities for the cylinders C 1} and C ₂ become identical to each other.

In the same manner as described above, the output controller 27 carries out the control that _{reduces the speed difference between the cylinders Cp and C 3} , the speed difference between the cylinders C ₃ and C. and that between the cylinders C. and C ₁ also reverse brings zero. The operation is in any case the same as that

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with which the difference between the cylinders C. and C _{2 is brought} to zero. In this way, for each cylinder in turn, control is carried out so that the amount of fuel supplied to the cylinders is decreased in a manner that makes the outputs of the cylinders equal to each other.

A switch 29, which can be switched on or off by a loop controller 28, is connected to the output of the output controller 27. The switch 29 is set to the closed state in which the single cylinder control of the type described above is carried out only when the loop controller 28 determines that predetermined conditions have been met which indicate that a single cylinder control can be carried out in a stable manner. If these conditions are met, then the loop _{controller 28 generates a switching control signal S 3} , by means of which the switch 29 is closed. However, if these predetermined conditions are not met, then the switching control signal S ₃ keeps the switch 29 in the open state, whereby a single cylinder control is prevented. In this way, instability of the idling operation, which could result from the cylinder control, is effectively prevented. In addition, in order to improve responsiveness in this embodiment, at the same time the switch 29 is closed by the loop controller 28, the frequency of the pulse signal PS output from the pulse width modulator 21 is changed to a specific frequency determined by the rotational speed the diesel engine 3 is not affected.

In order to control the angular speed of rotation by the individual cylinder control of the type described above,

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P * i * «OC **

it is desirable that the idle speed has already reached a stable value within one specific speed range in relation to a desired target speed. This is to ensure that A good individual cylinder control in the manner described above is only set up if the fluctuations in the Rotational speed due to variations in the fuel injection system and the internal combustion engine in regular, occur periodically. If a single cylinder control were carried out during acceleration or if any abnormality occurs in the control system, an unstable idling operation would otherwise result.

In the present embodiment of the invention therefore, the following conditions must be met before the cylinder control is carried out. First of all, the difference is allowed between the idle target speed and the prevailing Speed always not be greater than a predetermined value a, over a predetermined time interval. Then it is allowed The amount by which the accelerator pedal is depressed cannot be greater than a predetermined value a ~. In the end the temperature Tw of the engine coolant must not be lower than a predetermined temperature Tr. Only if If these three conditions are met, the switch 29 is closed in order to form the control loop which controls the individual cylinder executes.

On the other hand, if at least one of the following conditions occurs, the switch 29 is opened and the individual cylinder control is ended. These conditions are that initially the difference between the target speed and the prevailing speed has become greater than a predetermined value a ₃ (where a ₃ > a, |); then that the amount the accelerator is depressed has a forward

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certain value a. has exceeded (where a ₄ ^ a ₂ ); finally, that an abnormality has developed in the control system. If the switch 29 is opened in such a case, then the closed-loop control is then carried out only to adjust the injection amount controller 17 in accordance with the average rotational speed data so that the idling speed is brought to the predetermined target value.

In order to ensure the continued stable operation of the individual cylinder control, even if the individual cylinder control loop is set up as a function of the closing of the switch 29 and the control status in the control system is changed, the switch control signal S- is fed to the first PID computer 14 to determine the coefficients for the control in first PID computer 14 to change. The switching control signal Sg is mainly used as a control signal for changing the proportionality constant for a proportional control part and to change the integration constant for an integral control part,

If the constant of proportionality and the constant of integration for the first PID computer 14 can be changed to a very small value in the event that the individual cylinder control is executed, then it follows that the component that the proportional control plus the integral control that regulation, which is based on the average rotational speed, remains small. As a result of this, the calculation for the PID control is only made for the component of the individual cylinder control by the third PID computer 26 executed. Therefore, in the individual

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cylinder control the fuel control according to the Regulation for the single cylinder in a closed loop more before, than the regulation according to the average speed data, so that the regulation of the idle speed can be carried out in a steady state by the single cylinder control mode. On the other hand, if the Individual cylinder control is not carried out, so if switch 29 is not closed, then the proportionality constant and the constant of integration set in the first PID calculator 14 to the predetermined ones Values are fed back, so that the control is carried out that adjusts the average speed to the Brings setpoint.

In addition, they are in the case of the single cylinder control mode proportionality and integration constants to be set not limited to those in the above embodiment, they can be determined to any suitable value appropriate to the condition of the system at that time.

In the case where the operation timing for each cylinder required to execute the single cylinder control is in the time detector 10 on the basis of the alternating current signal AC and the needle valve lift pulse signal NLP. is detected, the time detection by the time detector 10 becomes impossible when, for example, the needle valve lift sensor 9 shows a malfunction, so that it becomes impossible to carry out the above-mentioned single cylinder control. If this condition is not remedied, then the idle control becomes unstable. To avoid this, the device 1
a spare time detector 30 for detecting the operating time in each cylinder on the basis of only the alternating current signal AC, and spare discrimination data information

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Dj indicating the result detected by the reserve time detector 30 is supplied to the switch SW.

In order to determine whether the needle valve lift sensor 9 is operating properly or not, a disturbance detector 31 is provided which receives _{the needle valve lift pulse signal NLP 1} , the average speed data information R and the instantaneous position _{signal S 2.} The disturbance detector 31 determines whether the diesel engine 3 is operating in the non-injection region based on the average speed data information N and the current position signal S ₂ * when the output of the needle valve lift pulse signal NLP. stops by the needle valve lift sensor 9, and generates a switching signal HS when the diesel engine 3 is not operated in the non-injection area. The switch SW is switched from the state shown with a solid line to the state shown with a broken line depending on the supply of the switching signal HS, so that the reserve discriminating data information Dj instead of the discriminating data information Di is supplied to the speed detector 8 and the output controller 27.

Fig. 4 is a detailed block diagram showing a The circuit structure of the reserve time detector 30 shows. The reserve time detector 30 includes a waveform shaper circuit 90, which turns the alternating current signal AC (see FIG. 5A) into a basic pulse signal train Pa which consists of pulses which correspond to the positive going pulses of the alternating current signal AC. The basic pulse signal train Pa is fed to a T-flip-flop 91, which depends on a Q output and a Q output from the leading edge of each pulse of the basic pulse waveform Pa provides (Figures 5C and 5D).

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The basic pulse signal train Pa is supplied to one input terminal of AND circuits 92 and 93, the other input terminals thereof record the Q output or the Q output respectively. The AND circuit 92 is therefore only opened ^ when the Q output is high while AND gate 93 is only opened when the Q output is high. As a result of these, only every other pulse of the pulses forming the basic pulse signal train Pa is received from the AND circuit 92 is output so that a first pulse signal train Pa1 is supplied (Fig. 5E). On the other hand, the other impulses of the basic pulse waveform Pa other than the first pulse waveform Pa1 from the other AND circuit 93 which form a second pulse signal train Pa2 (Fig. 5F).

As previously described, the TDC times of the pistons can therefore be immediately before the power stroke in each cylinder are indicated by the pulses of the pulse signal train supplied by one of the AND circuits 92 and 93 will. It is easy to see from Fig. 5A or 5B,. that in this case the pulses of the first pulse signal train Pa1 the time of the TDC position of the pistons shortly before Specify the work cycle of a cylinder. To make the above on the basis of the time interval difference between the two series pulses of the basic pulse signal train Pa without using the needle valve lift pulse signal NLP. to distinguish, counters 94 and 95 are provided, which by the first and the second pulse signal train Pa1 or Pa2 can be controlled. These counters 94 and 95 have the same structure as the counter 82 in FIG. 3, counting pulses Pb generated by a pulse generator 96 with a sufficiently short period of time compared to the pulses of the AC signal AC, generated, arrive at input ports 94a and 95a. The first pulse waveform Pa1 becomes

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a start terminal 94b of the counter 94 and a stop terminal 95c of the counter 95 are supplied, and the second pulse signal train Pa2 is supplied to a stop terminal 94c of the counter 94 and a start terminal 95b of the counter 95. Of the Counter 94 is therefore reset by a pulse of the first pulse signal train Pa1 to start the counting operation for the Start counting the number of generated counting pulses Pb. Thereafter, the counting operation of the counter 94 becomes dependent stopped by the first generation of a subsequent pulse of the second pulse signal train Pa2 and the content of the Counter 94 is maintained. The output information from the counter 94 is fed to a locking circuit 97, which locks its input information as a function of the second pulse signal train Pa2, so that the counting result of the Counter 94 is locked directly by the locking circuit 97.

The counter 95 starts counting in response to pulses of the second pulse signal train Pa2 and listens in response from one pulse of the first pulse signal train Pa1 to count up. The count of the counter 95 is shown in a latch circuit 98 in response to a pulse of the first pulse signal train Pa1.

The counter 94 therefore generates count data DT ₁₁ , DT ₁₂ , DT ₁₃ ,

in accordance with appropriate beats

T ₁₁ , T ₁₂ , T ₁₃ , each showing the time of one

Indicate the pulse of the first pulse waveform Pa1 to the next pulse of the second pulse waveform Pa2, and this count data is latched by the latch circuit 97 at the above-described timing (see Figs. 5E, 5F and 5G). In the same way, the counter 95 generates counting data DT ₂₁ ,

DT ₂₂ , ^DT 23 ' ⁱⁿ accordance with corresponding

Times T ₂₁ , T ₂₂ , T ₂₃ , each the time from

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indicate one pulse of the second pulse signal train Pa2 to the next pulse of the first pulse signal train Pa 1, and this count data is obtained from the latch circuit 98 at the above-described timing (see Figs. 5E, 5F and 5H) locked.

The data locked by the locking circuits 97 and 98 are fed to a coparator 99, which determines which of the data is of lower value. Data information G ₁ indicating the result of this discrimination is supplied as selection control information to a selection device 100 which receives the first and second pulse signal trains Pa1 and Pa2. The selector 100 serves to selectively output one of the first and second pulse signal trains Pa1 and Pa2 in such a way that a pulse signal train which is supplied as a locking signal to the locking circuit locks the locking circuit with the higher-order data information. Since in this case the content locked by the latch circuit 98 is greater than the content locked by the latch circuit 97, the first pulse signal train Pa1 supplied to the latch circuit 98 is selected by the selection device 100 and supplied as a counting pulse signal to a base four counter 101. It follows from this that a pulse signal train consisting of pulses indicating the TDC times of the piston immediately before the working stroke of the cylinder is selected on the basis of the counting results of the counters 94 and 05.

The count of the basic four counter 101 is increased by one for each pulse of the first pulse signal train Pa1, as Fig. 51 shows, and the counting from 0 to 3 repeats. The output data information of the basic four-counter 101 therefore indicates in which cylinder the piston closes

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at this point in time is in its combustion cycle, and this is used as reserve discrimination data information Dj submitted.

It is impossible to indicate in which of the cylinders C ₁ to C the power stroke occurs just based on the content of the reserve discrimination data information Dj. However, from the description given above, it can be seen that the single cylinder control is not suppressed and can normally be carried out by using the reserve discrimination data information Dj.

It is therefore possible to control the individual cylinder normally even if the needle valve lift sensor 9 malfunctions.

In this embodiment the backup system is such arranged that the reserve discrimination data information Dj is supplied to the control system only when the needle valve lift sensor 9 fails. However, the circuit according to FIG. 4 can be provided in place of the time detector 10 and the discrimination data information from the circuit shown in Fig. 4 can always be sent to the speed detector and the output regulator 27 are supplied.

With this arrangement, the control for suppressing transition fluctuations, such as falling below the Speed, the control to maintain the idle speed approximately at the idle target speed and the like. In a closed loop control in which an average rotational speed of the diesel engine and a signal indicating the instantaneous position of the injection quantity control element as feedback signals.

- 31 -

...., .. .. 36Ό9245

- -34- -

det, so that the stable state of idle operation the machine is set up. In such a stable state, the individual cylinder control is carried out in such a way that that an identical output power is delivered from each of the cylinders of the engine. When the single cylinder control is executed, then the values of the proportional control constant and the integral control constant, which are used for the average speed control are reduced, so that the single cylinder control is effectively executed.

Furthermore, since the reserve time detector 30 and the disturbance detector 31 are provided, the individual cylinder control itself when the needle valve lift sensor 9 fails, the reliability of the device is remarkably increased.

In the control range in which the idling speed of the machine is close to the target speed, is also the Closed loop gain for average speed control is relatively low is set, and the single cylinder control is not carried out so strongly.

In the embodiment described above, the angular velocity is for each cylinder based on the time it takes the crankshaft to run after the Rotate the TDC position of the compression stroke of the cylinder concerned by 90 °. This makes it possible that Torque fluctuations generated in the subsequent combustion can be determined immediately, which leads to an improvement the control characteristic leads.

Fig. 6 shows a further embodiment of the invention.

- 32 -

In this, the idle control device contains a microcomputer or microprocessor. Those parts of the control device 40 according to FIG. 6 which are identical to the corresponding parts of the device according to FIG. 1 have corresponding, corresponding reference numerals and are not explained again here. Denoted at 41 is a waveform shaping circuit which generates output pulses corresponding to the positive going pulses of the alternating current signal AC. These pulses are emitted as TDC pulses. The TDC pulses, the needle valve _{lift pulse signal NLP 1} from needle pulse lift sensor 9 and the instantaneous _{position signal S 2} from position sensor 18 are fed to a microprocessor 43 which is provided with a read-only memory (ROM) 42. The ROM 42 contains a control program stored therein which performs an essentially identical function for the idling control as performed by the apparatus of FIG. This control program is carried out by the microprocessor 43 so that a specific idling speed is set. The microprocessor 43 generates an output signal O, which indicates the calculation results for the regulation of the injection quantity and which is fed to the pulse width modulator 21.

7 shows a flow chart of the control program stored in ROM 42. The control program consists of a main control program 122 with a step 120, in which the operation is initialized after the start of the program, and a step 121 for executing the position control of the injection quantity control element and for calculating a target injection quantity in accordance with the actuation of an accelerator pedal, an interruption program INT 1, which is executed depending on the output of the needle valve lift pulse signal NLP ₁ , and a further interrupt program INT 2, which is dependent on the output of a

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.34- · "" "'" "" "' '36 Ό9245

OT pulse TDC is carried out.

In step 123 of the interrupt program INT 1, the content of a counter TDCTR is first set to 8, and a flag TF is set to "0" in step 124, terminating the execution of this process. That Flag TF is used to determine whether the calculation of the fuel injection quantity data Q. should be carried out, or whether the data to be calculated Q. are to be generated in the interrupt program INT 2. The interrupt program INT 2 is as a result of the generation of the OT pulse TDC is carried out and the content of the counter TDCTR is decremented by one in step 125. The process then goes to Step 126 about where a first decision is made as to whether the content of the counter TDCTR is equal to zero. If the decision is YES, i.e., if TDCTR = 0, then the program proceeds to step 127, where the counter TDCTR is set to 8 and then to step 128 where the flag TF is inverted.

On the other hand, if at step 126 the decision is NO, then the program immediately proceeds to step 128 where the flag is inverted. The calculation of data M., Mp , representing the time interval

between adjacent pulses (which corresponds to the times T ₁₁ , Τ? 1 '

T _12,. in Fig. 5) is carried out

and the engine rotation speed is set in step 129 calculated in accordance with this calculation result.

In step 130 a further decision is made, whether the needle valve lift sensor 9 is defective, i.e. shows a malfunction. The decision will be in such a Way made that when the content of the counter TDCTR is greater than the predetermined value 8 and a fuel

- 34 -

- 35- 36U9245

injection state is detected, it is decided that there is a malfunction. If the needle valve lift sensor 9 shows no malfunction, then the program goes to steps 131 to 133, where a decision is made accordingly whether the coolant temperature T _{11 of} the engine 3 is above a predetermined T, whether the actuation quantity θ of the accelerator pedal is below a- predetermined value a ₂ and whether the difference NN ^ between the idle target speed N. and the average idle speed N for a predetermined period of time above a predetermined value a. has been.

Only when the decision in each of steps 131 to 133 is YES, the program proceeds to step 134, where the Calculation for the individual cylinder control in accordance with the prevailing rotational speed for idling operation is performed.

If the single cylinder control is being carried out, the program proceeds to step 146 in which PI control constants used for the calculation determined for the idle speed control based on the average speed and carried out in step 135 described below are set. In step 146, a proportional control constant PRO and an integral control constant INTE are set to I. and J ₁ , which are small values close to zero, respectively. Thereafter, the program proceeds to step 135, in which the idling speed is executed on the basis of the calculation result for the single cylinder control in accordance with the average rotation speed. In this control mode, the control constants I. and J _{1 are used} for the PI control calculation for the average speed control.

- 35 -

On the other hand, if the decision in any one of steps 131 to 133 is NO, then no calculation for the single cylinder control is carried out in step 134, and the program proceeds to step 147, where the proportional control constant PRO and the integral control constant INTE are set to I _? or J _? can be set. These values I ₂ and J ₂ are chosen so that they are greater than the values I and J ₁ , respectively. Thereafter, the program proceeds to step 135, where the idle speed control is carried out based on only the average rotating speed in accordance with the set constants I ₂ and J ₂ .

When the coolant temperature is low, the combustion in the engine does not show uniform behavior because the combustion is unstable and the amplitude of the output torque becomes unstable. As a result, it cannot be guaranteed that the periodic combustion fluctuations in each cylinder will have the same tendency, which is a prerequisite for the individual cylinder control. The temperature state of the coolant is therefore regarded as one of the factors for deciding the conditions for the regulation of the individual cylinders. The condition T> T is selected accordingly for the individual cylinder control. In the above case, the individual cylinder control in the S
will.

carried out in step 134 only if T> T is calculated

W - ι

Fig. 9 shows a detailed flow chart of the idle rotational speed control; which is carried out in step 135. Referring to Fig. 9, in step 170, the target speed data information N. computed and the program proceeds to step 171 where a decision is made whether the individual cylinder control is in an executable state. If the decision is YES, go

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36Ü9245

the program proceeds to step 172, in which the PID rule calculation is carried out _{using the constants I 1} and J _1. In this case, the differential control constant for the differential control calculation is set to a predetermined value in advance, and this value is used. Then the program goes to step

173 about where the rotation speed control is carried out based on the target rotation speed N. the calculation result of the injection quantity for the individual cylinder control and the result of step 172.

When the decision in step 171 is NO, the program proceeds to step 174, where the PID rule calculation is carried out _{using the constants I 2} and J _2. In this case, the differential control constant is also set to the predetermined constant value in advance, and this value is used. Then, the program proceeds to step 173, where the rotation speed control is executed to set the idle _{target rotation speed N t} based on the result of the step

174 to get. Reference is again made to FIG. 7. If the needle valve lift sensor 9 is defective, the program proceeds to step 136, where a decision is made as to whether the flag FATC, which indicates whether the single cylinder control should be carried out, is set to "1". When the decision is YES, that is, when FATC = "1", the program proceeds to step 131, whereas when the decision is NO, that is, when FATC = "0", the program proceeds to step 137. In step 137 a further decision is made as to whether the idling operating state has continued for a time which is greater than a predetermined T _Q. When the decision is NO, the program goes to step 147

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36,9245

If, on the other hand, the decision is YES, the program proceeds to step 138.

In step 138, taking data indicating the time interval between successive TDC pulses indicate TDC that Data information M received in the current execution of the interrupt program INT 2 according to size with the Data information M <compared to the execution of the interrupt program INT 2 has been received a point in time earlier. As can be seen from Figures 2A and 2B can, the intervals between TDC pulses TDC alternate between a long state and a short state so that the comparison of M with M. makes it possible to determine whether the operating time for the cylinders is in the long state or in the short state.

In this case, if the condition M _n <M 4 is obtained, then the TDC pulse TDC, by which the interrupt routine INT 2 is executed at this point in time, is the first pulse generated after one of the cylinders enters its power stroke . That is, this corresponds to one of the times t ₂ »t-, t _g ,

On the other hand, if the condition M> M, is obtained, then the TDC pulse TDC by which the interrupt routine INT 2 is executed at that time is on Impulse that indicates the start of the work cycle in one of the cylinders, i.e. this corresponds to one of the points in time

Accordingly, when the decision in step 138 is NO , no calculation is made for the injection amount for the single cylinder control, and the program proceeds to step 147, whereas the decision is

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- 3-S- -

YES, then the program goes to step 139 where decided whether the flag FN is set to "1". The FN code is intended to distinguish whether the decision in step 137 has become YES at least once.

If the flag FN = "0", then the decision in step 139 is NO, and the program goes to step 140, where the flag FN is set to "1" and the content of the counter TDCTR is set to a variable N. and the program proceeds to step 147. Accordingly, the next time the decision will be made in Step 139 YES, and the program proceeds to step 141. In step 141, K = K + 1 is executed, and then it becomes a decision is made as to whether K equals 4, which occurs in step 142. When one of the cylinders is in his Occurs, K increases by one. When the decision in step 142 is NO, the routine goes to Step 147 over. On the other hand, when the decision in step 142 is YES, the program proceeds to step 144, where a further decision is made as to whether the variable N is equal to the content of the counter TDCTR. If N = TDCTR, because one cycle has passed, that is, because the crankshaft 4 has rotated 720 °, the program goes to step 145 above where FATC = "1", TDCTR = 8 and TF = "0" are set and the program proceeds to step 147. On the other hand, when the decision in step 144 is NO, the program goes to step 143 where K = "0" and FN = 0 are established, and then the program goes to Step 147.

If, as described above, the needle valve lift sensor 9 has been determined to be faultless, the program goes directly to step 131. However, the needle valve lift sensor shows

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-36Ό9245

9 a malfunction, the data information M, with M compared and a decision is made about the time of operation for each of the cylinders of the engine. The step 134 for calculating the injection amount for each cylinder is then carried out in accordance with the result the decision carried out.

The control and operation of each cylinder in step 134 will now be detailed with reference to FIG The flowchart is illustrated in FIG.

First, in step 150, the state of the flag TF is checked. If it is determined that TF = "0", will carried out the following steps to calculate the control data for each of the cylinders. On the other hand, if determined becomes that TF = "1", then the following steps are for the derivation of control data for the control the 'cylinder executed. The state of the flag TF = 0 means the state in which the TDC pulse is TDC has not yet been generated after the needle valve lift pulse signal NLP. was generated, or a condition in which an even number of TDC pulses have already generated TDC have been after the needle valve lift pulse signal NLP. was generated, but the next TDC pulse was still TDC has not been generated. The state specifies a period of time during which the cylinder is not yet in the work cycle has occurred and it corresponds to everyone

of the periods t ₂ to tg, t ₄ to t, -, t _g to t ₇ in

Fig. 2.

On the other hand, the state of the flag TF = "1" indicates the time periods during which each of the cylinders is apart is in the combustion process, as can be seen from the description above. These time periods correspond

- 40 -

the time periods t. to Ϊ2 »t ^ to t ^, tg to tg in

Fig. 2.

If the flag TF equals "O", the program proceeds to step 151, where a decision is made as to whether the operating conditions of the engine meet the conditions necessary for the establishment of the single cylinder control. If the decision is NO, then in step 152, the contents of the data _{indicating the fuel injection amount Q Ai} for the single cylinder control are made zero. In this specification, the fuel injection control data information for the control of each of the cylinders is generally _{denoted Q «in} , where i

Al Π

the number of cylinders and η the time calculated from the data indicate.

After this step, in step 163, the integral _{control data information Ij C} for performing the integral control is stored among the calculation results for the PID control. This PID control is carried out in step 159 as will be described later. The integral control data information obtained in step 159 immediately before the individual cylinder control is switched off is stored in a random access memory (RAM) 44 of the microprocessor 43. Then, the program proceeds to step 153, where the calculation for obtaining the fuel injection amount control data information Q. for idle rotation speed control in accordance with the average rotation speed is carried out, and then the program proceeds to step 154.

In step 154, the injection amount control data information Qyuj _{+ 1} \ ^(n-1) ^ ^{he Re} 9 ^e ldateninf ormation Q. for the next cylinder control is zuaddiert that one cycle

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36,9245

has been previously calculated. This resulting rule data information Q. is stored in memory 44 of microprocessor 43.

When the decision in step 151 is YES, the routine goes to step 155 where the difference is ON. between the speed N. based on the TDC pulse TDC that is output at that time and the rotational speed N ,, .x based on the TDC pulse, which was output one cycle before is calculated. The program then proceeds to step 156.

In Schrit 156 is the difference N ^ that has been obtained in step 155 in this manner, and the difference ^N j _(n _i)> which have been obtained in the same manner before one cycle, calculates a difference further N _i. After this process, each constant for executing the PID control is set in step 157, and the program goes to step

158 about where the integral _{data information I ATC} for integral control stored in step 163 is input. The program then goes to step

159 about where the PID rule calculation is performed using this data. Accordingly, in the calculation of the PID control carried out in step 159 when the single cylinder control is switched from the off state to the on state, the data information stored in step 163 is used as integral control data information ¹ ATr. The required result can therefore be obtained quickly as compared with the case where the calculation of the PID control is carried out again from the beginning because the integral control data information is zero, and the control transition time can be remarkably improved.

- 42 -

The control data information Q _fiin for the control of each of the

π 1 Π

Cylinders that can be obtained by calculating for the FID control in the Step 159 receives is stored in RAM 44 at step 160. In this case, therefore, the data value that has been stored in step 160 and the previous value of the data Q- added to one another to obtain end data information Q.

On the other hand, if the decision in step 150 is YES, then the data information Q. at that point in time is added to the control data information Qnpp which has been determined in accordance with the amount of depression of the accelerator pedal to obtain _{information Q D dw in step 161,} and the program proceeds to step 162, where this information Q _D d _{V is used} as fuel injection amount control data information for the cylinders on the intake stroke.

From the foregoing description, when the needle valve lift sensor 9 operates normally, the calculation of the control data for executing the single cylinder control and its output are determined by the flag TF, while when the sensor 9 is defective, the comparison of the data M _n with the data M, which enables the time determination to be carried out for the individual cylinder control. Regardless of whether the needle valve lift sensor 9 is working correctly or incorrectly, a suitable individual cylinder control can therefore always be carried out.

In the above-described embodiments, it is specified The reference value for obtaining the differential data is the output signal of the cylinder used, which is based on "Combustion mode" is located immediately before the cylinder to be taken into account on combustion mode transforms. However, the predetermined reference value is not on

, W-

this measure is limited, but can also, for example when selecting the average machine speed are substituted by the data R for the average speed or the output of a particular cylinder are displayed; the corresponding value is then used as the specified reference value for calculating the differential data used.

Claims (19)

SCHWABE · SANDMAIR- · MARX / "" '· -; PATENT LAWYERS " STUNTZSTRASSE 16 8000 MUNICH 80 3 6 "09245 Attorney file 34 868 X 19. March 1986 Diesel Kiki Co., Ltd. Tokyo / Japan Device for regulating the idling speed an internal combustion engine Claims / TO 11 ./Device for regulating the idling operation of an internal combustion engine, containing a closed control loop with a first output device for generating average rotational speed data, which is the average speed of rotation of a multi-cylinder internal combustion engine specify, a second output device for generating target rotational speed data having a predetermined Specify idle target rotational speed of the engine, a first arithmetic means that is based on the average rotational speed data and responsive to the target rotational speed data to generate first control data that changes relate to the amount of fuel to be supplied to the machine,. in order to obtain the idle sol! rotation speed, processing means to process the first control data that requires the use of the closed loop control system for at least the proportional and integral control enables, and means for setting responsive to the output signal from the processing means a rotational speed device, so that a closed-X / EK control • (089) 988272-74 Facsimile: (089) 983049 Bank accounts: Bayer. Vereinsbank Munich 453100 (BLZ 70020270) Telex: 524560 Swan d KaIIe Infotec 6350 Gr. Il + III Hypo Bank Munich 4410122850 (BLZ 70020011) Swift Code: HYPO D Deutsche Bank Munich 3743440 (BLZ 70070010) - 2 ner loop for idling the machine speed is carried out, the device contain: a) a detector device (7) for determining the operating times the machine (3); b) first means (8) responsive to the output of the detector means (7) for generating first data relating to the output power of the respective cylinders (C ₁ -C ₄ ) of the engine (3); c) a second device (24, 25), which is responsive to the first data, in continuous repetition for each of the cylinders (C.-C-) successively calculating and outputting difference data which relate to the difference between the output powers of the corresponding cylinders (C ₁ -C ₄ ) and a predetermined reference value (C ₁ ) are related; d) a second computing device (24) which is based on the Difference data responds to second control data to calculate and output, which relates to the amount of fuel related to the elimination of differences indicated by the difference data will; e) an output control device (27), responsive to the output of the detector device (7), for outputting the second control data at a predetermined point in time before the control of the amount of fuel to be supplied to each of the cylinders (C _{1 -C 4} ) is carried out; 36Ü9245 "A g) a control device for influencing the feed of the second control data from the output control device (27) of the closed control loop to provide an on / off control to carry out the single cylinder control operation; and h) a switching device (29) for switching over at least one control constant in the processing device in accordance with the on / off state of the single cylinder control operation. 2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the detector device has a first signal generator (7) for generating a first pulse (AC) every time the crankshaft (4) of the machine (3) reaches predetermined reference angular positions, a second signal generator (9 ) for generating second pulses (NLP ₁ ), each of which fuel is injected into a predetermined cylinder of the engine (3), and has a data output device (10) which responds to the first and second pulses (AC, NLP.) to Generate distinguishing data (Di) in which cylinder the combustion takes place. 3. Apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that the first signal generator (7) the first Pulse (AC) generated every time the pistons of the machine (3) reach their top dead center (TDC). 4. Apparatus according to claim 3, characterized "36109245 indicates that the data output device (10) has a counter which is reset by the second pulses (NLP ₁ ) and which counts the first pulses (AC), whereby data showing the count result in the counter are output as discrimination data (Di) . 5. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the detector device comprises: a signal generator (7) for generating a time pulse whenever the crankshaft (4) of the machine (3) reaches predetermined reference angular positions, and a discriminating device (90-99) which responds to the time pulses (AC) to distinguish relative operating times among the cylinders (C ₁ - C-) on the basis of the periodic interval changes in the generation of the time pulses due to periodic changes in the instantaneous rotational speed> of the machine (3). ■ * 6. Device according to claim 5, characterized in that that the discriminating device includes: a device (90-93) which responds to the time pulses (AC) responds and generates a first pulse signal train (Pa1) by deriving the time pulses from one another, and a second pulse signal train (Pa2) generated by the remaining timing pulses, a discriminator (99), which is based on the responds to first and second pulse signal trains (Pa1, Pa2) to determine which pulse signal train for the indication of the Compression TDC point in time, a selection device (100), which responds to the decision in the discrimination device (99), to a desired pulse signal train and an an n-up counter (101), where η is the number of cylinders of the engine is to count the pulses of the pulse signal train selected by the selector (100), whereby that of the n-up counter (101) obtained data information as the discrimination data information is supplied. 7. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the detector device contains: a first signal generator (7) for generating a first pulse (AC) when the crankshaft (4) of the machine (3) reaches predetermined reference angular positions, a second signal generator (9 ) for generating second pulses (NLP ₁ ) whenever fuel is injected into a predetermined cylinder (C ₁ - C.) of the engine (3), a first data output device (10), which is responsive to the first and second pulses, to to generate discrimination data information (Di) which indicates which cylinder is in the combustion process, a second data output device (30) which responds to the first pulses (AC) for differentiating relative operating times among the cylinders (C ₁ -C ₄ ) on the Basis of the periodic interval changes when generating the first pulses (AC) due to periodic changes in the instantaneous speed of rotation of the machine, a disturbance gsdetektoreinrichtung (31) for determining whether the second signal generator (9) is malfunctioning, a switching device (SW) which responds to the output of the interference detector device (31) to either the distinguishing data information (Di), if there is no malfunction in the second signal generator ( 9) occurs, or to select the result (Dj) of the second data output device (30) when a malfunction occurs in the second signal generator (9). 8. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that that the first device (8) calculates data which the angular velocity of the crankshaft (4) of the Specify machine (3) if every cylinder in the combustion "" ■ * ** 36Ü92A5 operation occurs, and that the calculation result is output as the first data information (Nj _n ). 9. Apparatus according to claim 8, characterized in that that the second device (24, 25) the difference data as a function of the first data information (N.) on the basis of the difference in the angular speed of the crankshaft (4) of the machine (3) to the Calculated time of the combustion process in each cylinder. 10. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that that the second output device (12) the target speed data (N.) as a function of a Calculated signal that indicates the operating status of the machine (3). 11. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that that the control device is responsive to the temperature of a coolant for the machine and that the second control data information is fed from the output control device to the closed control system when the temperature of the coolant exceeds a predetermined temperature. 12. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the individual cylinder control is carried out becomes when the difference between the target idle speed and the instantaneous speed is less than is a predetermined value. 13. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the individual cylinder control is carried out when the difference between the nominal idle speed speed and the prevailing idle speed continuously has been less than a predetermined value for a predetermined period of time. 14. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that that the switching device has a proportionality constant and / or an integration constant in Correspondence with the on / off state of the single cylinder control executes. 15. The device according to claim 14, characterized in that that the constant of proportionality and the constant of integration switched to very small values when the single cylinder control is executed. 16. Device according to one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that the predetermined * reference value is the average speed value indicated by the data for the average speed. * 17. Device according to one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that the predetermined The reference value is the output power of a given reference cylinder. 18. Device according to one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that a certain Cylinder is selected as the default reference cylinder. 19. Device according to one of claims 17 or 18, characterized in that a cylinder in which the combustion is carried out just before the combustion is carried out in the cylinder for which the differential data should be taken into account, is selected as the specified reference cylinder.