DE3606144C1 - Process for pollutant-free waste utilisation - Google Patents

Process for pollutant-free waste utilisation

Info

Publication number
DE3606144C1
DE3606144C1 DE19863606144 DE3606144A DE3606144C1 DE 3606144 C1 DE3606144 C1 DE 3606144C1 DE 19863606144 DE19863606144 DE 19863606144 DE 3606144 A DE3606144 A DE 3606144A DE 3606144 C1 DE3606144 C1 DE 3606144C1
Authority
DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
wastes
low
pollutant
recycling
free waste
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
DE19863606144
Other languages
German (de)
Inventor
Peter Voelskow
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
BERLIN CONSULT GmbH
Original Assignee
BERLIN CONSULT GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by BERLIN CONSULT GmbH filed Critical BERLIN CONSULT GmbH
Priority to DE19863606144 priority Critical patent/DE3606144C1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of DE3606144C1 publication Critical patent/DE3606144C1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L9/00—Treating solid fuels to improve their combustion
    • C10L9/02—Treating solid fuels to improve their combustion by chemical means

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a process for pollutant-free waste utilisation, in which, in particular, thermal energy utilisation is aimed for with as far as possible simultaneous production of a storable, liquid fuel and in which case the heavy metals contained in the wastes are separated out in an intermediate process and, if required, supplied for recycling. After a low-temperature carbonisation of the wastes, the low temperature carbonisation gas is used thermally in a known manner or is condensed to give gaseous, oleaginous and aqueous products, while the heavy metal compounds in the low-temperature carbonisation coke are washed out by an acidic washing before further thermal use in a fluidised-bed furnace and, if required, are then precipitated out of the acidic wash solution and reused.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur schadstofffreien Abfallverwertung, bei dem insbesondere eine thermische Energieverwertung angestrebt wird bei möglichst gleich­ zeitiger Erzeugung eines lagerfähigen flüssigen Energie­ trägers und eine Eliminierung und Verwertung der in den Abfällen enthaltenen Schwermetalle.The invention relates to a method for pollutant-free Waste recycling, in particular a thermal Energy recovery is aimed at the same if possible early generation of a storable liquid energy carrier and an elimination and recovery of the in the Waste contains heavy metals.

Bekannt sind Versuche mit Müllverbrennungsanlagen, hinter denen die Schlacke und die Flugasche in aufwendigen che­ mischen Prozessen von den Schwermetallen befreit werden soll.Experiments with waste incineration plants are known behind which the slag and fly ash in elaborate che mixing processes are freed from the heavy metals should.

Eine Müllverbrennungsanlage kann jedoch beispielsweise die Synthese polychlorierter, zyklinischer Kohlenwasserstoffe mit ggf. darin enthaltenen Anteilen des hochgiftigen TCDD nicht verhindern. In den Abfällen sind immer größere Men­ gen an Chlor enthalten, z. B. in chlorierten Kunststoffen (PVC), im Kochsalz der Speisereste oder in chlorgebleich­ ten Papieren. Die Verbrennung verläßt das Chlor in Form von Chlorwasserstoff, der in aufwendigen Rauchgasreini­ gungsanlagen abgeschieden werden muß. Die Schwermetalle aus der Schlacke und der Flugasche herauszulösen ist inso­ fern problematisch, als dies nur mit sauren Waschlösungen möglich ist, welche in den großen Anteilen alkalischer Salze in der Schlacke neutralisiert werden und dadurch für die Lösung der Schwermetallsalze unwirksam werden. Dies bedeutet, daß man mit verhältnismäßig hohem Säureüberschuß in der Waschlösung arbeiten muß. A waste incineration plant can, for example Synthesis of polychlorinated, cyclic hydrocarbons with possibly contained parts of the highly toxic TCDD do not prevent. There are always bigger men in the waste gene containing chlorine, e.g. B. in chlorinated plastics (PVC), in the table salt of food waste or in bleached chlorine papers. The combustion leaves the chlorine in shape of hydrogen chloride, which is used in complex flue gas cleaning systems must be separated. The heavy metals It is insoluble to remove them from the slag and fly ash far problematic than this only with acidic wash solutions possible, which is alkaline in large proportions Salts in the slag are neutralized and thereby become ineffective for the solution of the heavy metal salts. This means that one with a relatively high acid excess must work in the washing solution.  

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, ein Verfahren zu finden, das die geschilderten Probleme und Nachteile vermeidet.The object of the invention is to find a method that avoids the problems and disadvantages described.

Die Erfindung löst die Aufgabe gemäß dem kennzeichnenden Teil des Patentanspruchs.The invention solves the problem according to the characterizing Part of the claim.

Die Vorteile des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens sind fol­ gende:The advantages of the method according to the invention are fol gend:

  • 1. Der Schwelkoks enthält in jedem Falle geringere Men­ gen alkalische Bindungen als völlig ausgebrannte Asche oder Flugasche. Dadurch kann das Auswaschen der Schwermetallverbindungen in sauren, wäßrigen Lösungen wirtschaftlicher vorgenommen werden. In bekannter Weise zugegebene Erdalkaliverbindungen liegen im wesentlichen in Form des wasserlöslichen Kalciumchlorids vor und fördern eher das Auswaschen der Schwermetallverbindungen.1. The Schwelkoks always contains smaller amounts alkaline bonds as completely burned out Ash or fly ash. This can wash out of heavy metal compounds in acidic, aqueous Solutions are made more economically. In Alkaline earth compounds added in a known manner are essentially in the form of water-soluble Calcium chloride and rather promote washing out of heavy metal compounds.
  • 2. Die Schwermetalle können in bekannter Weise aus der sauren Waschlösung abgeschieden und einer Wiederver­ wertung zugeführt werden. Ein derartiges Verfahren ist beispielsweise zur Abscheidung und Wiederver­ wertung von Metallverbindungen, insbesondere Schwer­ metallverbindungen, aus Flußschlämmen bzw. Bagger­ schlämmen bekannt.2. The heavy metals can in a known manner from the acid wash solution separated and a re evaluation. Such a process is for example for separation and reuse evaluation of metal compounds, especially heavy metal connections, from river sludge or excavators mud known.

Eine energetische Nutzung von Abfällen verschiedenster Art und Herkunft, insbesondere von Hausmüll oder einem Hausmüll-Klärschlammgemisch, praktisch ohne die Emission von Schwermetallen oder anderen Schadstoffen sowohl im Rauchgas als auch in der Asche oder Flugasche ist bei keinem bisher bekannten thermischen Verwertungsverfahren möglich. Alle bisher bekannten Verfahren benötigten daher eine sehr aufwendige Rauchgasnachbehandlung bzw. Rauch­ gasreinigung und erfordern in den meisten Fällen eine Ablagerung der insbesondere extrem schwermetallhaltigen Flugasche auf Sondermülldeponien.An energetic use of various types of waste Type and origin, especially of household waste or one Household waste and sewage sludge mixture, practically without emissions of heavy metals or other pollutants both in Flue gas as well as in the ashes or fly ash is at no previously known thermal recycling process possible. All previously known methods therefore required a very complex flue gas aftertreatment or smoke gas cleaning and in most cases require one Deposition of the extremely heavy metal in particular Fly ash on hazardous waste landfills.

Claims (2)

Verfahren zur schadstofffreien Abfallverwertung mit folgenden Verfahrensschritten:
  • a) die Abfälle oder ein Abfallgemisch werden nach einer Vor­ zerkleinerung und Homogenisierung, ggf. Eisenausscheidung und Vortrocknung unter Zugabe von Erdalkaliprodukten, z. B. gemah­ lenem Kalkstein, bei Temperaturen um 300°C verschwelt,
  • b) das Schwelgas wird in bekannter Weise thermisch genutzt oder zu gasförmigen, öligen und wäßrigen Produkten konden­ siert,
  • c) der gewaschene Schwelkoks wird in einer Wirbelschicht­ feuerung thermisch genutzt,
Process for pollution-free waste recycling with the following process steps:
  • a) the wastes or a mixture of wastes are after a comminution and homogenization, if necessary iron excretion and predrying with the addition of alkaline earth products, eg. B. ground limestone, at temperatures around 300 ° C,
  • b) the carbonization gas is thermally used in a known manner or condensed to gaseous, oily and aqueous products,
  • c) the washed smoked coke is used thermally in a fluidized bed furnace,
gekennzeichnet durch die weiteren Verfahrensschritte:
  • d) der Schwelkoks wird einer sauren Wäsche unterzogen und Schwermetallverbindungen, Kalciumchlorid und ggf. Schwefel­ verbindungen ausgewaschen und anschließend mechanisch, z. B. in Zentrifugen entwässert,
  • e) Metalle werden aus der Waschlösung durch bekannte Ver­ fahren ausgeschieden und einer Wiederverwertung zugeführt.
 characterized by the further process steps:
  • d) the Schwelkoks is subjected to an acid wash and heavy metal compounds, calcium chloride and possibly sulfur compounds washed out and then mechanically, for. B. dewatered in centrifuges,
  • e) metals are eliminated from the wash solution by known methods and fed to a recycling.
DE19863606144 1986-02-26 1986-02-26 Process for pollutant-free waste utilisation Expired DE3606144C1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19863606144 DE3606144C1 (en) 1986-02-26 1986-02-26 Process for pollutant-free waste utilisation

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19863606144 DE3606144C1 (en) 1986-02-26 1986-02-26 Process for pollutant-free waste utilisation

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
DE3606144C1 true DE3606144C1 (en) 1987-07-30

Family

ID=6294952

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
DE19863606144 Expired DE3606144C1 (en) 1986-02-26 1986-02-26 Process for pollutant-free waste utilisation

Country Status (1)

Country Link
DE (1) DE3606144C1 (en)

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2925620A1 (en) * 1979-06-25 1981-01-15 Babcock Krauss Maffei Ind Pyrolysis of waste contg. halogenated polymers - in presence of basic material to absorb hydrogen halide(s)
DE3400976A1 (en) * 1984-01-13 1985-08-01 Saarberg-Hölter-Umwelttechnik GmbH, 6600 Saarbrücken Energy system for environmentally friendly refuse degassing or coal-refuse degassing with following fluidised bed furnace and integrated low temperature carbonisation gas combustion chamber and heat exchanger

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2925620A1 (en) * 1979-06-25 1981-01-15 Babcock Krauss Maffei Ind Pyrolysis of waste contg. halogenated polymers - in presence of basic material to absorb hydrogen halide(s)
DE3400976A1 (en) * 1984-01-13 1985-08-01 Saarberg-Hölter-Umwelttechnik GmbH, 6600 Saarbrücken Energy system for environmentally friendly refuse degassing or coal-refuse degassing with following fluidised bed furnace and integrated low temperature carbonisation gas combustion chamber and heat exchanger

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
THOME-KOZMIENSKY: Thermische Behandlung von Haushaltsabfällen, Techn. Univ.Berlin, 1978, S.10 *

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