DE3543417C2 - - Google Patents

Description

 The invention relates to a method for improving the Assimilation storage in the generative sinks (storage organs) the higher plants, z. In the grains of cereals, by influencing the attraction breathing (Dissimilation) by an exogenous growth regulator application the assimilate transport into the generative Sinks as well as the net assimilate formation in the generative Sink be increased.

From DE-OS 23 63 504 is a method of regulation of plant growth. This is achieved by that an effective amount of a substituted one on a plant Pyridins gives up. The substituted pyridine is on the foliage is preferred in the early flowering period as Spray abandoned. The effectiveness of this application is intended be reinforced by the fact that in the solution of pyridine  a small amount of an adhesive, a spreading agent or a surfactant becomes. Furthermore, it is from the journal "Atompraxis", July 1960, Issue 6 known organic compounds and to mark substances with the isotope ¹⁴C. Out This magazine also knows the assimilate storage in the plants to monitor and determine.

In the application of growth regulators it is known that these have a yield-increasing effect. Next is it is known that respiratory losses reduce the total plant mass lead. The problem exists but not only in an increase in yield of the plant Production, but also in a backup of the yield level. The solution to both problems, however, is at standstill the technology was not addressed and not solved.

Since the beginning of the sixties, the first WR (growth regulators) especially for crop shortening in cereals, but also to avoid the storage of plant stocks other crops in practical use.

To a greater extent, these WR continue to grow cotton and grape-pickling compounds in sugar cane cultivation as well as various special crops or as an anti- Transpiranz used in plant production. In addition to the CCC (chlorocholine chloride) have already been numerous Substances with a similar mode of action found. Modern highly effective connections come from above all the group of triazoles with partly fungicidal Effect. Their mode of action is characterized that they either directly affect the activity of gibberellins and auxins lower or via the indirect route the activity  the corresponding antagonist (Abscissine, Ethylene and z. T. kinetins).

An essential problem in intensive crops with Aim of an increase in yield to the generative plant mass is, however, that, for. B. in cultivation intensive, genetically short crops or one of them high growth regulators application rate at unpredictable changing, suboptimal growth conditions, significant Yield losses due to a lack of earnings security enter.

The invention is based on the object, a method of the aforementioned type so that in the plant production in addition to an increase in yield, d. H. an increase in grain yield per hectare, equally the earnings security is increased, d. H. the retention the high yield even in adverse weather conditions.

This task is accomplished by the im characterizing part of claim 1 specified method steps solved.

Advantageous embodiments are in specified in the dependent claims.

In investigations (see results in the appendix Table 1) on the importance of different spring weather conditions the yield structure of summer wheat was determined Be that, especially at warm spring temperatures the assimilate storage in the ear already by one  one-time WR administration was improved, but at according to cool spring weather significant Yield losses occurred.

In studies with radioactive ¹⁴CO₂ fumigated plants (Table 2 and 3) could be further determined that the WR-treated plants due to the lower Plant mass absolutely less CO₂ assimilate. By a increased assimilation respiration (Table 7), which u. a. energy for assimilate storage in the generative sinks supplies could, with simultaneous delayed total plant development (Table 4 and 5) the assimilate transport into the ear (Tables 5 and 6). To what extent this, also known as attraction breathing However, dissimilation, which induces a surplus, depends their efficiency and their relationship to Assimilation, or gross assimilate delivery in the generative sinks.

The hormonal stimulation of this attraction breathing is genetically staked within a certain framework is subject However, significant, different influences of individual Experimental years regarding temperature, water and nutrient supply. Therefore, their optimization for yield assurance, or for yield increase only by a appropriately adapted WR administration done.

So far, the WR application was only for Halmverkürzung in high dose form as a single or divided dose without taking into account the assimilation caused thereby and dissimilatory changes used.

The decisive advantage of the WR application according to Claim 1 is that the plant still stock during the vegetation, taking into account the general growth conditions for each of the Yield formation optimal stimulation assimilatory and is regulated by dissimilatory processes.  

The simplified adaptation of the growth regulators described in claim 2 implies that the maximum net achievable Assimilate incorporation over ¹⁴CO₂ measurements throughout Vegetation history was achieved.  

attachment

Vessel experiments with summer wheat in small co-products vessels; 6.5 kg of soil; 20 plants per vessel; fertilization and a total of 3 g N in 4 additional doses per vessel; Soil moisture at 80% of maximum water capacity. ¹⁴CO₂ fumigation in gas-tight phytotrone with 1 mC at 20 degrees Celsius and 25 000 lux for 4 hours to Ear emergence.

WR:
Variant treated with growth regulators (12 mg chlorocholine chloride + 0.6 mg ancymidol per vessel) as leaf spray at plant stage G / H.
Thermo:
Variation, which grew up to the stage G / H at an average of 2-3 degrees Celsius higher temperatures.

The climatological average temperatures of the Official German Weather Service in the monthly average of March to May in test year 2 averaged 2.5 ° Celsius below the temperatures of the experimental year 1.

Table 1

Grain yield per vessel at the time of grain maturity in%

(100% = value of untreated control)

Dry matter yield of total plants per Vessel at the time of ear emergence in% (100% = value of untreated control) variants Trial year 2 WR 47

¹⁴C activity of the total plants per vessel at the time of ear emergence (after fumigation) in% (100% = value of untreated control) variants Trial year 2 WR 64

Dry matter yield of ears per vessel at the time of harvesting in% (100% = value of untreated control) variants Trial year 2 WR 47

Dry matter content of ears of total crop yield at the time of harvesting in% (100% = value of untreated control) variants Trial year 2 WR 84

¹⁴C activity of the ears pro rata at the  Total plant activity at the time of ear emergence in% (100% = value of untreated control) variants Trial year 2 WR 129

¹⁴C activity losses of whole plants in the period between crop rotation and grain maturity in% (100% = value of untreated control) variants Trial year 2 WR 219

Claims (7)

1. A method for improving assimilate incorporation into the generative sinks (storage organs) of higher plants, e.g. For example, in the grains of cereals, by increasing the Assimilattransport in the generative sinks as well as the net Assimilat formation in generative sink by influencing the attraction respiration (dissimilation) by an exogenous growth regulators application, characterized in that by the application of Growth regulators the activities of hormone groups are adapted in such a way that additional dissimilation is achieved to achieve maximum assimilation in the generative sink during the storage phase, that the growth regulators used for this have a uniform and temporary effect on the different requirements of individual growth phases, in terms of temperature and on the supply of water and nutrients, wherein for the detection of assimilatory and dissimilatory processes the most favorable hormonal stimulation to optimize the Assimilateinlagerung in ge nerative sinks for each variety and plant species by radioactive ¹⁴CO₂ is empirically determined. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that to simplify the adaptation of the WR treatment as a guide the growth in length and the ratio of the generative to vegetative organs of plants at various Growth conditions serves. 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized that the methods described together with the cultivation extensive varieties already in unfavorable starting conditions a high yield security for yield formation have carried out, and the WR application then the Adaptation of the hormone system  represents more favorable growth conditions. 4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized that an unfavorable hormonal stimulation in the plant, similar to a too high WR application rate, by other WR, which, however, lower the attraction breathing, is corrected. 5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized that for better efficiency of attraction breathing the joint application of WR with N- and K-containing Fertilizers done. 6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized that the WR effect of various plant treatment products, which primarily as a fungicide, Herbicide or anti-transpirant are used is taken into account. 7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized that in addition to the design of the WR Application in addition to the net assimilation in the generative sink, the importance of WR to reduce the Evapotranspiration is involved.