DE3447876C1 - Semiconductor layer having a laminar structure, and process for producing it - Google Patents
Semiconductor layer having a laminar structure, and process for producing itInfo
- Publication number
- DE3447876C1 DE3447876C1 DE3447876A DE3447876A DE3447876C1 DE 3447876 C1 DE3447876 C1 DE 3447876C1 DE 3447876 A DE3447876 A DE 3447876A DE 3447876 A DE3447876 A DE 3447876A DE 3447876 C1 DE3447876 C1 DE 3447876C1
- Authority
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- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- substrate
- semiconductor layer
- angle
- vapor deposition
- substrate surface
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 title claims 18
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910021417 amorphous silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 241000446313 Lamella Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000005693 optoelectronics Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims 4
- SRKHSGMBYRQRSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Sb].S=O Chemical class [Sb].S=O SRKHSGMBYRQRSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- -1 z. B. Sb4OS5 Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910021424 microcrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000010363 phase shift Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021419 crystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/22—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the process of coating
- C23C14/225—Oblique incidence of vaporised material on substrate
- C23C14/226—Oblique incidence of vaporised material on substrate in order to form films with columnar structure
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/06—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the coating material
- C23C14/14—Metallic material, boron or silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/22—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the process of coating
- C23C14/24—Vacuum evaporation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
- C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C30B23/00—Single-crystal growth by condensing evaporated or sublimed materials
- C30B23/02—Epitaxial-layer growth
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
- C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C30B29/00—Single crystals or homogeneous polycrystalline material with defined structure characterised by the material or by their shape
- C30B29/02—Elements
- C30B29/06—Silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
- C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C30B29/00—Single crystals or homogeneous polycrystalline material with defined structure characterised by the material or by their shape
- C30B29/60—Single crystals or homogeneous polycrystalline material with defined structure characterised by the material or by their shape characterised by shape
- C30B29/605—Products containing multiple oriented crystallites, e.g. columnar crystallites
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/18—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment of these devices or of parts thereof
- H01L31/20—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment of these devices or of parts thereof such devices or parts thereof comprising amorphous semiconductor materials
- H01L31/202—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment of these devices or of parts thereof such devices or parts thereof comprising amorphous semiconductor materials including only elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Physical Vapour Deposition (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Diese Aufgabe wird bei einem Verfahren der eingangs beschriebenen Art erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß eine amorphe Silizium-Schicht auf eine Oberfläche eines Substrats unter einem Winkel der Normalen der Substratoberfläche zur Aufdampfrichtung im Hochvakuum aufgedampft wird, wobei der Winkel betragsmäßig zwischen 100 und 800 liegt, daß die Stärke eines optischen Doppelbrechungseffekts der Silizium-Schicht durch die Wahl des Winkels vorgegeben wird, und daß eine bezüglich des Substrats vorgegebene Längsrichtung der Lamellen durch eine Orientierung des Substrats gegen die Aufdampfrichtung eingestellt wird, derart, daß die Längsrichtung senkrecht zu einer durch die Schenkel des Winkels aufgedampften Ebene verläuft. In a method, this task is described at the outset Type solved according to the invention in that an amorphous silicon layer on a surface of a substrate at an angle of the normal to the substrate surface to the vapor deposition direction is vapor-deposited in a high vacuum, the angle being between 100 and 800 lies that the strength of an optical birefringence effect of the silicon layer is given by the choice of the angle, and that one regarding of the substrate predetermined longitudinal direction of the lamellae by an orientation of the Substrate is set against the vapor deposition direction, such that the longitudinal direction runs perpendicular to a plane vapor-deposited through the legs of the angle.
Vorteilhaft wird bei dem Verfahren kontinuierlich aufgedampft. Evaporation is advantageously carried out continuously in the process.
Besonders gün#stige optische Eigenschaften erhalten Silizium-Schichten, die nach einem be#vorzugten Verfahren hergestellt sind, bei dem die Normale der bedampften Substratoberfläche einen Winkel zur Aufdampfrichtung bildet, der zwischen 150 und 450 eingestellt wird. Silicon layers are given particularly favorable optical properties, which are manufactured by a preferred process in which the normal of the The vapor-deposited substrate surface forms an angle to the vapor-deposition direction that is between 150 and 450 is set.
Das Substrat selbst kann eine amorphe oder eine kristalline Struktur besitzen. Bevorzugt wird ein Material als Substrat eingesetzt, bei dem durch Walzen und/oder Ziehen eine Vorzugsrichtung erzeugt wurde. The substrate itself can have an amorphous or a crystalline structure own. A material is preferably used as the substrate, in which by rolling and / or drawing a preferred direction was generated.
Besonders günstig ist es, das Substrat während dem isAufdampen des Siliziums zu beheizen, wobei die Temperatur des Substrats auf einem Wert zwischen 270 K und 670 K gehalten wird. It is particularly favorable to remove the substrate during the deposition of the To heat silicon, the temperature of the substrate at a value between 270 K and 670 K is held.
Bei einem besonders bevorzugten Verfahren wird die amorphe Silizium-Schicht mit einer Aufdampfgeschwindigkeit kleiner als 1 nm/s bei einem Restgasdruck von weniger als 1 Pa auf das Substrat aufgebracht. In a particularly preferred method, the amorphous silicon layer is with a vapor deposition rate of less than 1 nm / s at a residual gas pressure of less than 1 Pa applied to the substrate.
Mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren können optisch anisotrope Bereiche direkt und mit vorausbestimmbarer Lage der optischen Achse im Mikro-Maßstab in optoelektronische Bauelemente eingebaut bzw. With the method according to the invention, optically anisotropic areas can be created directly and with a predeterminable position of the optical axis on a micro-scale in optoelectronic Components built in or
auf deren Substrat aufgebracht werden. Damit erschließt sich für das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren ein weiter Anwendungsbereich, z. B. im Hinblick auf eine einfache Ankoppelung von Leitleitern an optoelektronische Bauteile. are applied to their substrate. This opens up for the inventive method has a wide range of applications, for. B. with regard to a simple coupling of conductors to optoelectronic components.
Als weiterer Vorteil ergibt sich die Möglichkeit, die nach dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren erhaltenen optischen Elemente in der erst in jüngster Zeit entwickelten Mikro-Mechanik zum Einsatz zu bringen bzw. die erfindungsgemäßen amorphen oder mikrokristallinen Siliziumstrukturen in einem direkten Verfahren in mikro-mechanische Vorrichtungen und Geräte zu integrieren, da für die Mikro-Mechanik ebenfalls kristallines Silizium ein sehr geeignetes Ausgangsmaterial darstellt. Another advantage is the possibility that according to the invention Optical elements obtained in the process developed only recently To bring micro-mechanics into use or the amorphous or microcrystalline according to the invention Silicon structures in a direct process in micro-mechanical devices and to integrate devices, since crystalline silicon is also used for the micro-mechanics represents a very suitable starting material.
Ein besonders bevorzugtes erfindungsgemäßes Verfahren wird im folgenden anhand der Zeichnung noch näher erläutert. Es zeigt im einzelnen Fig. 1 eine schematische Darstellung einer Anlage zur Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens, Fig.2 einen nicht maßstäblich vergrößerten Ausschnitt A aus einem Substrat mit einer aufgebrachten Silizium-Schicht mit Lamellenstruktur von F i g. 1 und F i g. 3 ein Diagramm, das die Abhängigkeit des optischen Anisotropieeffekts der Silizium-Schicht in bezug zum Aufdampfwinkel setzt. A particularly preferred method according to the invention is described below explained in more detail with reference to the drawing. It shows in detail Fig. 1 a schematic Representation of a system for carrying out the method according to the invention, FIG a not to scale enlarged section A from a substrate with an applied Silicon layer with lamellar structure from FIG. 1 and F i g. 3 is a diagram showing the dependence of the optical anisotropy effect of the silicon layer in relation to to the evaporation angle.
Bei der in F i g. 1 schematisch dargestellten Anordnung wird festes Silizium 1 bei einem Hintergrunddruck unterhalb von 2 mPa durch einen Elektronenstrahl 2 nahezu punktuell aufgeheizt und kontinuierlich verdampft. In the case of the in FIG. 1 arrangement shown schematically is solid Silicon 1 at a background pressure below 2 mPa by an electron beam 2 heated up almost at certain points and evaporated continuously.
Im Abstand H von dem festen Silizium 1, der beispielsweise 0,5 m beträgt, ist ein Substrat 3 angeordnet, das durch ein Heizelement 4 über Strahlungswärme geheizt werden kann. Eine günstige Substrattemperatur liegt beispielsweise bei 670 K. At a distance H from the solid silicon 1, for example 0.5 m is, a substrate 3 is arranged, which by a heating element 4 via radiant heat can be heated. A favorable substrate temperature is 670, for example K.
Die Normale N der Substratoberfläche 6 bildet mit der Aufdampfrichtung einen Winkel oz. In diesem Beispiel beträgt der Winkel a etwa 200. The normal N of the substrate surface 6 forms with the vapor deposition direction an angle oz. In this example, the angle α is approximately 200.
Das Material des Substrats 3 ist in diesem Beispiel Corning Glas des Typs 7059. The material of the substrate 3 is Corning glass in this example of the type 7059.
Bei einer Aufdampfgeschwindigkeit von 100 pm/s bildet sich in ca. 3 Std. eine Silizium-Schicht 8 mit einer Dicke D von 1 llm. Die Lamellenstruktur der Silizium-Schicht 8 verläuft parallel zu einer Ebene Z, die mit der Substratoberfläche 6 einen Winkel e bildet, der in diesem Beispiel leicht von 900 abweicht, und parallel zu einer Längsrichtung R. Die Längsrichtung R selbst steht senkrecht auf einer durch die Schenkel des Winkels or aufgespannten Ebene. Auf eine Breite von 1 llm der Silizium-Schicht 8 (senkrecht zur Längsrichtung R der Lamellen gemessen) entfallen ca. 50 Lamellen, d. h. die Dicke dder einzelnen Lamelle 10 beträgt etwa 0,02 ,zum. At a vapor deposition rate of 100 pm / s, approx. 3 hours a silicon layer 8 with a thickness D of 1 μm. The lamellar structure the silicon layer 8 runs parallel to a plane Z, which is with the substrate surface 6 forms an angle e, which in this example differs slightly from 900, and is parallel to a longitudinal direction R. The longitudinal direction R itself is perpendicular to a through the legs of the angle or the spanned plane. To a width of 1 μm of the silicon layer 8 (measured perpendicular to the longitudinal direction R of the lamellas) approx. 50 lamellas are omitted, d. H. the thickness d of the individual lamella 10 is approximately 0.02, for.
Der optische Anisotropieeffekt der Multi-Lamellenstruktur läßt sich mit Hilfe einer Phasenverschiebung 7 beschreiben, die zwischen einem ordentlichen und einem außerordentlichen Teilstrahl eines Lichtstrahls auftritt, der ein optisch anisotropes Medium durchdringt F i g. 3 gibt den Zusammenhang zwischen dieser Phasenverschiebung f und dem Aufdampfwinkel a wieder. The optical anisotropy effect of the multi-lamella structure can be with the help of a phase shift 7 describe that between an ordinary and an extraordinary sub-beam of a light beam, which is an optical anisotropic medium penetrates F i g. 3 gives the relationship between this phase shift f and the vapor deposition angle a again.
Die Schichtdicke beträgt hier 1 iim, die Einstrahlung erfolgte bei dieser Messung senkrecht zur Schicht und zu der Substratoberfläche, die Messung erfolgte mit einer Strahlung der Wellenlänge 0,6 leim.The layer thickness here is 1 μm, the irradiation took place at this measurement perpendicular to the layer and to the substrate surface, the measurement took place with a radiation of wavelength 0.6 glue.
Mit der Wahl des Aufdampfwinkels a läßt sich also auch die Größe des optischen Anisotropieeffekts der Multi-Lamellenstruktur festlegen. With the choice of the vapor deposition angle a, the size can also be determined the optical anisotropy effect of the multi-lamellar structure.
- Leerseite -- blank page -
Claims (11)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE3447876A DE3447876C1 (en) | 1984-12-31 | 1984-12-31 | Semiconductor layer having a laminar structure, and process for producing it |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE3447876A DE3447876C1 (en) | 1984-12-31 | 1984-12-31 | Semiconductor layer having a laminar structure, and process for producing it |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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DE3447876C1 true DE3447876C1 (en) | 1986-03-13 |
Family
ID=6254162
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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DE3447876A Expired DE3447876C1 (en) | 1984-12-31 | 1984-12-31 | Semiconductor layer having a laminar structure, and process for producing it |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
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DE (1) | DE3447876C1 (en) |
Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3391022A (en) * | 1965-05-25 | 1968-07-02 | Sony Corp | Photoconductive layer and method of making the same |
-
1984
- 1984-12-31 DE DE3447876A patent/DE3447876C1/en not_active Expired
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3391022A (en) * | 1965-05-25 | 1968-07-02 | Sony Corp | Photoconductive layer and method of making the same |
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Owner name: DEUTSCHE FORSCHUNGSANSTALT FUER LUFT- UND RAUMFAHR |
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