DE3418883A1 - DC-generating machine without a commutator - Google Patents

Abstract

In order to be able to produce any direct current at all using a machine without a commutator, it is necessary to allow the armature of the conventional machines to rest and the field magnets to move. In this case, it is expedient to design the armature to be similar to a housing and to provide it with wire coils at a suitable point, which wire coils are wound around firmly anchored iron cores. The armature which is similar to a housing surrounds the moving rotor with the transversely positioned field magnets fitted thereto (electromagnets are better), whose poles are opposite the wire coils. Since the coils are arranged in a double row on the stationary armature and are superimposed with respect to the transversely positioned field magnets on the rotor, it is possible not only to produce a direct current, but also a high-power direct current. The advantages of generating direct current without a commutator are self-evident. At the very least, susceptibility, wear and spark formation are obviated. The DC-generating machine without a commutator additionally also has the advantage that it can be modified by changes in previously known current-generating machines which are likewise high power in nature. In this case, only changes to the magnet pole and armature coil position are necessary. Thus, for example, an interference-free, DC-generating machine can be produced, a machine for generating a direct current which can be transformed, a high-power machine for generating an alternating current, a machine for generating ... Original abstract incomplete.

Description

description

DC Generating Machine Without Collector The invention relates to a powerful, direct current generating machine without a collector.

To get a collector-free, direct current generating machine, it is necessary to rotate the field magnets and let the armature rest. This An indication is a clear deviation from conventional direct current generators. A schematic illustration in FIGS. 1 and 2 serves for a better understanding As you can see there, there are 16 pairs of coils on the armature and 8 field magnets on the rotor attached evenly distributed. In order to avoid misunderstandings, it should be pointed out that that of course as many pairs of coils and field magnets as possible and necessary may be appropriate. There are also two slip rings on the rotor, in the Figures labeled "R" and "r". Drive shaft with disc, slip rings and Field magnets form a fixed unit, the rotor.

The horseshoe-shaped field magnets are not radial, but Attached to the rotor in a transverse position at 900. This arrangement enables a two-row Power generation. But it is necessary that all north poles of the field magnets on one Side and all south poles are on the other side. The transverse position of the Field magnets on the rotor are therefore the special feature of the machine. The rotor will enclosed by the fixed armature in the form of a drum.

Due to the transverse position of the field magnets, it is necessary that on the entire inner rounding of the drum in equal spacings in pairs standing next to one another Iron cores are attached with wire coils so that two are parallel to each other running rows of coils arise. Both the magnetic poles on the rotor and the free ends of the coil-carrying iron cores on the armature have matching pole pieces provided, as accurately as possible, of the same size, so that they move with the movement of the rotor can slide past congruently. This of course assumes that the distance the coil rows on the armature the same that of the magnetic poles on the rotor got to. The schematic illustration shows in Figures 1 and 2 that 8 pairs of coils 8 field magnets are congruent opposite each other.

If one imagines the rotor turning clockwise, it follows that immediately then the remaining 8 coil pairs are congruent with all 8 field magets, etc ......

Are all armature coils wound counterclockwise on the north pole side (of course seen from the north pole of the field magnets) and connected one behind the other, all armature coils on the south pole side, on the other hand, connected to the right and one behind the other, so receives a direct current voltage is applied to the respective conductor ends when the conductor circuit is open, which is rectified in both rows of coils. Both rows of coils can each can be connected in parallel or in series as required.

When the conductor circuit is closed, direct current occurs when the rotor rotates on.

At this point it should be noted that in the case of large electricity-generating machines it is better to use electromagnets than simple field magnets. The direct current for the electromagnet can be fed via the slip rings "R" and "r" on the rotor. Either this is done by the machine's own current based on the dynamo principle or by excitation from others. With the DC generating machine without a collector but it is also possible to induce the electromagnets of the To supply the rotor with electricity through its own induction system. For this In addition, electromagnets are circular on the inner side walls of the armature attached, again on one side only north poles, on the other side the same number South pole. Exactly opposite are rod-shaped iron cores on the rotor wound wire spools attached at regular intervals. FIGS. 3 and 4 illustrate this. The electromagnets on the inner side walls of the armature can either according to the dynamo principle by the current of the own machine or by external excitation are supplied. The coil current generated by induction on the rotor is then direct the electromagnet fed to the rotor. The induction arrangement Compared to the slip ring method, it is maintenance-free and spark-free, therefore extraordinary practical value, especially in connection with the collector-free DC generator Machine. This arrangement should be new.

It should also be mentioned that with a powerful DC generator Machine without a collector as many field magnets on the rotor as coil pairs on the armature may be present. Of course, a field magnet on the rotor or a few is sufficient more to generate direct current as the rotor rotates. But this stream would be too weak. Therefore, there are always as many field magnets and coil pairs to be attached as are necessary for the desired performance of the machine.

The following note is still of great importance: About the smallest current fluctuations due to imperceptible differences between the coils or the spaces between the coils or others to prevent the rotor from rotating evenly for unknown reasons, it is advisable to to proceed according to the caliper principle. Then e.g. the 16 pairs of coils at the armature only 15 field magnets are evenly distributed across the rotor so that with a full rotation of the rotor there is always only one pair of coils on the armature of a field magnet on the rotor is congruent.

The other field magnets are distributed accordingly. In principle it would be so there is always one field magnet less attached to the rotor than there are pairs of coils on the armature are. This is the only way to compensate for voltage fluctuations with even rotor rotation, because the sum of all magnetic fluxes per revolution remains the same.

This reference is significant and, in my opinion, new, because it is the only way a pulsation-free direct current can be generated.

Further findings have shown that the direct current generating Machine without a collector due to minor changes in other electricity generating Lets machines convert.

1. Change This allows the creation of a transformable Direct current. Are in the case of the armature coils switched one behind the other the DC-generating machine without a collector no longer has all the coils together connected, but only every second one, so you get in both rows of armature coils with a closed conductor circuit, two each, i.e. a total of four independent circuits, of which two are in the same phase. If in-phase circuits are combined Parallel connection, two independent circuits remain, one by half Phase are shifted against each other.

Figure 5 illustrates this. It is necessary, however, that with this one 1. Change the total number of armature coil pairs only half the number evenly face distributed field magnets on the rotor. See Figure 6. This relationship 2: 1 is unavoidable, because this is the only way that occurs when the rotor rotates in both circuits of the armature coils phase-shifted, pulsating direct currents with fluctuating voltages from zero to maximum and back to zero. Should both pulsating direct currents are transformed, this is to be done independently.

In the case of overland routing of the generated currents, however, there are four lines necessary. There and back, twice each. However, one could use this to do the introductions Combine the dipode control so that only three lines are required.

At the end of the overland tour, two transformers take care of it again the stepping down of the pulsating direct currents, which are then fed to the consumer can be. But it can also be of value that both pulsating direct currents can be combined to form a direct current. All you need is the two secondary coils of the end transformer station one behind the other. Of course, both can be pulsating DC currents are switched directly one after the other, i.e. without transformer stations, to get direct current.

2. Change This allows the generation of alternating current. The relationship the armature coil pairs to the field magnets on the rotor is 1: 1, i.e. the same number of coil pairs on the armature like field magnets on the rotor. The change from the DC-generating machine without a collector consists in the fact that only the Alternate the poles of the field magnets on each side and the armature coils remain connected to each other on each side, but every second is wound opposite to the previous one. See Figures 7 and 8. So slide alternating field magnetic poles on alternately wound armature coils when the rotor rotates past. This creates alternating voltage in both rows of coils when the conductor circuit is open. Parallel connection is possible after analogous coil winding in both coil rows. When the conductor circuit is closed, alternating current is then obtained. The alternating current is in terms of quantity larger than with the known alternating current generators, since it is simultaneously is produced in two rows.

3. Change This change in the DC generating machine without a collector allows a pulsation-free direct current to be produced. Transversal Electromagnets can be attached to the rotor as much as possible and necessary, whereby same poles must be on the same side again. Just the drum-shaped anchor There are no iron cores with wire coils on the inside, but two all around like railroad tracks, continuous solid square irons lying next to each other, so far apart that, like sled runners, they line up with the poles of the field magnets face of the rotor. The square iron should at least be as thick as the width of the pole face of the field magnets. Both square irons are sideways perforated at regular intervals, see Figures 9 and 10. The holes run parallel to the horizontal machine axis. The surfaces of the square iron that the Magnetic poles are opposite to each other, transverse grooves should all around for non-slip Have recording a conductor wire. A well-insulated conductor wire is with everyone Square iron separately, continuously through a hole, then through one groove into the next hole, next groove, etc., so that each square iron has a continuous coil.

If the coil ends remain open, this occurs when the rotor rotates according to the U.V.W. rule a direct voltage, with a closed conductor circuit a direct current, powerful, because several field magnets act in the same direction. With analogous The conductor winding of the square iron produces rectified currents on both sides, which can be connected in parallel or in series.

The following remains to be explained: The magnetic flux of the field magnets flows from the North Pole through the anchor's square iron on the side, through the Anchor to the other square iron and then back to the south pole of the field magnet.

As the rotor rotates, the wire pieces are in the grooves of the two Square iron cut voltage or electricity generating by the magnetic flux, depending after the conductor circuit is open or closed. The remaining wire pieces will be not cut, not even the part of the ladder that is passed through the holes, otherwise, according to the U.V.W. rule, neither voltage nor current would be generated.

Physics teaches that the interior of an iron ring, which is in the Magnetic field, remains free from the magnetic field.

However, it can also be proven by experiment: One moves E.g. a well-insulated wire loop by a magnetic field shows a closed one Circuit no power.

If you move the same loop, this time on one side an iron pipe runs through the magnetic field again as before, so this time it arises actually a power surge.

The prerequisite, however, is that the wire loop is not around its own Axis is rotated, but only in one direction there or back. This should only be mentioned to avoid misunderstandings. Figures 11, 12 and 13 illustrate this. As far as I know, this experiment is not in any physics book and should therefore be the first become known.

For the first time it should also be that this fact occurs with this changed DC generating machine without a collector is used. Because the continuous Holes in the side walls of the square iron are, as it were, cavities, because they remain free from the magnetic field and magnetic flux when the field magnets move Do not allow induction of the insulated wire parts that have passed through. To that too restrict the circular magnetic flux of the live wire part of the coil in the holes, it is advisable to place an additional, well-insulated iron sleeve in the holes and only then pass the well-insulated wire through it, so as to avoid any disturbance of the Switch off magnetic flux in the armature by the circular magnetic flux of the conductor current.

It also remains to be noted: Of course there are other anchor designs, in order to obtain a zone free of magnetic fields and magnetic flux, passed through the wire parts so that they cannot be detected by induction. For example, would the Rounding of the drum anchor only from iron rods like sleepers on the railway track exist, so '; the two square irons on the inside of the iron bars could be anchored on it in such a way that the magnetic flux passes through unhindered from the north pole the groove wire parts in the equilateral square iron, through the threshold of the Anchor to the other square iron, through the wire parts in the grooves to the south pole can flow back. The coil wire could then simply be around the square iron without holes be continuously wrapped around accordingly. With analogous wrapping of both square irons Both circuits can be connected either in series or in parallel.

Further information can be dispensed with, as these are in principle nothing Bring something new, as the cavity effect must be taken into account in each case.

The following has to be said about the wire procurement of the conductor: Of course, a well-insulated solid wire is sufficient for the production of coils. Would be better for a stronger induction, if the wire consists of several thin, well-insulated Wires and twisted like a rope into a wire rope. That is enough already a rotation of 360 ° over the length of a groove on the anchor rail, to avoid Lenz interference currents. However, the conductor wires must never run out twisted or braided out of a bundle, only the rope method is absolute promising. The ends of the conductor cords become a solid wire again united. This note on the procurement of conductor wire with a rotation of 3600 on Groove length should be new.

By this 3rd change of the DC generating machine without Collector can be the converted machine but also with the supply of equal or Alternating current through the armature winding with simultaneous supply of the electromagnets of the rotor by the respective current as an electric motor for direct and alternating current to be needed.

4. Change This change in the machine generating the direct current Without a collector, a three-phase generator can be built.

The transverse position of the field magnets remains the same as that of the direct current generating one Machine received without a collector. Only the number of field magnets is opposite in two equally sized groups, with all north poles therefore one group on one Side standing, those of the other group on the other side. Corresponding to the south poles. The armature coils remain connected one behind the other unchanged, only that they are in three must be divided into the same groups. Circuits as in conventional three-phase machines. Due to the large number of field magnets, a powerful three-phase current is opposite generated by conventional three-phase machines. Be contrasted on the inside of the drum armature instead of the individual coils, two square irons with continuous Coils attached, but divided into three groups, so is also three-phase generation possible. However, this type is also used as a very powerful three-phase motor when this machine is adequately powered.

Claims (7)

Claims 1. DC generating machine without a collector characterized: by moving field or electromagnets and stationary armature with Coil assembly; due to missing collector; by transverse positioning of the field magnets on the movable rotor, with equal poles on one side; through fixed, drum-shaped anchor with a double row on the inner rounding on iron cores Coil arrangement carries, in which the coils of each coil row one behind the other are connected, and thus enable two circuits, which optionally one behind the other or can be connected in parallel; by optionally supplying the electromagnets with electricity, either through slip rings or through our own induction system; by the variable ratio of the number of field magnets to the coils up to equality, or according to the slide gauge principle, with one field magnet always less than pairs of coils are attached to obtain an interference-free direct current. 2. Machine for generating a transformable direct current, the by changing from the DC generating machine without a collector according to claim 1, characterized in that: that the ratio of the coil pairs to the Field magnets must be 2: 1, whereby the armature coils connected in series are not more all are connected with each other, but only every second, all the more so in one Coil row to get two circuit possibilities, the same in the second Row of coils, so that ultimately four circuits are created, two of which are analogous Winding are in the same phase, which can be connected together accordingly. 3. Alternating current generating machine, which is generated by change from the DC-generating machine without a collector according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that now in every row of coils on the armature the coils are all one behind the other remain connected, but are alternately wound and that every other field magnet has opposite pole position to the previous, so rotated by 180 ° on Rotor is attached. The ratio of the field magnets to the coil pairs on the armature should always be 1: 1 so that a powerful alternating current can be generated can. 4. Pulsation-free DC generating machine that changes by changing emerges from the direct current generating machine without a collector according to claim 1, characterized in that, instead of the two rows of coils, two parallel rows Square iron are continuously attached to the inside of the anchor drum. the Square iron are laterally parallel to the horizontal anchor drum axis all around perforated and the side of the square iron facing the field magnetic poles is provided with transverse grooves all around. A ladder wire, is to one Coil evenly wound, putting the wire through a hole, then through the groove is led to the next hole, through the next groove, etc. Because the hole in the square iron represents an induction-free zone, in the continuous Wire spool more interference-free when the magnetic poles slide past when the rotor rotates Direct current generated. The induction-free zone can also be created by that the two all-round square irons attached to the anchor on iron sleepers are. Then the insulated wire can be continuously wound around the square iron. The square iron must be attached to the inside of the sleepers. For the procurement of conductor wire can be a solid wire by using the rope method turned Wire rope can be replaced, with each individual wire fiber naturally being isolated got to. A rotation of 360 ° per part of the knitting to the length of the groove is sufficient. Pulsation-free direct current generating machine according to Claim 4, characterized in that they are supplied by direct or alternating current through the armature winding with simultaneous supply of the electromagnets of the rotor by the respective Electricity can be used as an electric motor for direct and alternating current. 6. Three-phase generating machine, which by changing the direct current generating Machine without a collector according to claim 1, characterized in that: now only two field magnet groups are attached to the rotor, with all north poles of one Group opposite to the north poles of the other group. According to the South pole. The number of field magnets in each group is proportionate, but can be appropriate in both groups as much as necessary and possible. The armature coils remain connected one behind the other unchanged, only that they are divided into three groups are. Each group forms its own cycle. The circuits are otherwise as with the three-phase machine. 7. Three-phase motor that comes from the three-phase generating machine Claim 6 emerges, characterized in that instead of the individual coils on Anchors in each of the three groups have a continuous coil on square iron is attached, then not only three-phase generation is possible, but this type is also available as a powerful three-phase motor with the appropriate three-phase connection suitable.