DE3413065A1 - Centrifugal analyser - Google Patents

Abstract

The centrifugal analyser can be used to determine the fluorescence and/or absorption of a plurality of specimens simultaneously and quickly. The specimens, consisting of a reagent and a serum, are distributed on a transfer disc (16) and mixed by rotation and transferred into the cuvettes (44), which are arranged inside the cuvette ring (48), which provides itself synchronously with the transfer disc. The cuvettes sequentially and repeatedly cross an optical path and in the process are measured photometrically. The optical path, which has a light source (60), input filters (58), output filters (54) and a photodetector, is variable with respect to light intensity and light wavelength, for the purpose of adaptation to the various operating modes. The program-controlled analyser is simple to operate and works completely automatically. The scanned values are processed by a computer, and can in the process be compared with previously determined reference curves and, e.g. be output as graphics on a viewing screen. <IMAGE>

Description

The invention relates to a centrifugal analyzer or Pho-

tometer, which is particularly suitable for both absorption and Perform fluorescence measurements in one device.

Devices for diagnostic purposes are increasingly being used in the medical field used. There are different devices for the clinical, the analytical and the known the research area. A widely used device is the centrifugal analyzer, which performs a quick analysis of multiple test samples using photometric means. This provides qualitative and quantitative data on metabolic products, hormones, Vitamins, enzymes, minerals, waste products, biliary status and stomach contents determined.

The centrifugal analyzer according to the invention is a centrifugal photometer, in which a rotatable disk or transfer disk, which has several test samples, rotates at high speed so that measured amounts of sera and reagents are mixed together. The mixtures are made by centrifugal force, caused by the uniform rotation of the transfer disk with a rotor arrangement, from the transfer disk to the cuvettes arranged in a ring in the rotor arrangement transfer. The mixtures of serum and reagent are photometrically one after the other and repeatedly scanned to find out about changes in photometric properties of the mixtures data on the reaction between the serum and the reagent for the to get different samples.

The photometric test methods used for centrifugal analyzers are based on the photochemical property that a serum has when it is with a certain Mixed reagent changes in photometric properties the reactance evokes, which indicate a certain chemical composition. In general, two photochemical analysis methods are used. First, the Measuring the absorption properties of a mixture and, secondly, measuring the Fluorescence properties of the mixture.

Absorbance measurements determine the difference between the Light intensity incident on the sample and the intensity of the light emerging from the sample Light. It is known that absorption measurements at individual wavelengths, accordingly the sample concentration of a mixture of reagent and serum, precise statements about provide the specific chemical composition. Hence, most of them are centrifugal photometers with arrangements, e.g. optical filters, for changing the optical analysis wavelength equipped so that these devices can be used for various photochemical applications suitable.

Fluorescence is measured by taking a test sample with an incident Radiation at a spectral wavelength is applied and the emitted Fluorescent light of the sample is measured at a different spectral wavelength. The light emitted has a very low intensity and consequently will be preferably very bright sources are used, so that sufficient fluorescence emission takes place and an accurate and repeatable measurement is possible. In addition, to get good fluorescence measurements, preferably a highly sensitive photodetector used and built the fluorescence process system particularly carefully, so that the The influence of stray light is kept low.

Devices for absorption and fluorescence measurements are different optical configurations necessary. At a Absorption meter the white light from a source is sent through samples either directly or optically filtered, containing water, reagents or serum mixed with specific reagents. The transmitted light is directed onto a photodetector such as a photo amplifier tube. The optical filtering can be done either before the light beam hits the sample or after the beam leaves the sample. For this purpose, a suitable optical Filters either between the light source and the sample or between the sample and the photodetector arranged. This measurement allows a statement about the tendency with which a sample absorbs light of a specific optical wavelength during the light beam passes through the sample.

The measurement of sample fluorescence requires that a very small signal be at the emission wavelength, which is different from the incident excitation wavelength is detected. A first filter with the excitation wavelength in the optical path between the light source and the sample and a second optical path Filters with the transmission wavelength different from the excitation wavelength is arranged in the optical path between the sample and the photodetector. That Light with the first wavelength incident on the sample excites the sample to photoemission or fluorescence at the frequency of the second optical filter. The photo emitted Light passes through the second optical filter and hits the photodetector, whereby it generates a signal that corresponds to the amplitude or intensity of the photoemission. It is important that in the fluorescence measurement mode only light of the fluorescence or photoemission wavelength hits the photodetector. Those differences the optical properties between the devices used for absorbance and fluorescence measurements are suitable, have led to separate devices for one of the two Procedures are available. Both photometric test methods are rarely used in combined into a single device.

A well-known centrifugal analyzer for absorption measurements is the "Centrifichem 600" device (manufacturer: Baker Inshruments Corporation, Allentown Pennsylvania, UNITED STATES.

With this photometer several samples can be turned in one rotation, in particular run and it is / for use in clinics, laboratories and research suitable The photometer can be equipped with a rotatable sample table or transfer disk record thirty sample positions. Using an automatic pipettor will be quick and simply an exact quantum of serum and reagent in a required number of Sample positions in the transfer disk filled. U.S. Patent 4,344,768 describes such a pipettor. After the sera and reagents are on the transfer disc are distributed, the transfer disk is in a measuring room on a motor-driven So then mounted, the rotates at high speed so that the individual Samples of serum and reagents are mixed. The mixes will then be automatic from the corresponding sample positions in the transfer disk to optical examination rooms, in so-called cuvettes, which are arranged in a ring around the transfer disk in a rotor arrangement are arranged, transmitted. The absorbance values are made up for each sample measured from a mixture of serum and reagent. when the cuvette is through a Light beam comes to the measuring point. The absorbance values are periodic for all required sample positions are scanned depending on the sample concentration, so that for every mixture of serum and reagent there are sufficient values for the photochemical Analysis are in place.

The Abbótt ABA-100 absorption measuring system (manufacturer: Abbott Corporation) With additional equipment, it allows both absorption and fluorescence measurements. This centrifugal photometer can be changed manually by a suitable Filter wheel from a absorption meter into a Fluorescence process device to be rebuilt. The filter wheel has two pairs of diagonally opposite one another optical filters.

A filter wheel is required for the configuration as a fluorescence meter manually selected and attached a pair of opposed filters, wherein a first filter with an optical bandpass response corresponding to the excitation wavelength and a second filter having an optical bandpass response corresponding to the emission wavelength is chosen.

The remaining pair of diagonally opposed filters in the Abbott filter wheel is a neutral sensitive filter.

The light transmitted through the neutral density filters and the sample, is set in relation to the light emitted by the sample at the fluorescence wavelength, this gives a signal that is representative of the sample fluorescence.

It is common for the filter wheel assembly on this device to be specific To switch absorption or fluorescence measurement manually. This manual operation is not only a time consuming process, it is also a major source of error when E.g. an unsuitable filter wheel is installed.

The advantages of centrifugal analyzers lie in their properties quickly collect, process, analyze the data for multiple samples to be tested and put them together in order to then deliver a result that is immediately individual Interpretation of the test result provides.

These devices have data reduction devices, but were in in the past, these simplification means limited their performance. That before Device called "Centrifichem 600" allows bar graphs for sample absorptions on a screen and also can provide precise information about kinetic or endpoint reactions being represented. However, prior analyzers generally did not have the option for special graphics or curve analysis.

A centrifugal analyzer should also be used by less skilled User can be operated so that it is inexpensive in a laboratory or in a clinic where many hundreds of samples in a day. should be analyzed, can be used. In general, devices are used for photochemical analysis relatively complicated to use and require well trained and highly paid Operators who drive the repetitive and time-consuming tests.

The centrifugal analyzer according to the invention allows measurements both the absorption as well as the fluorescent properties of substances, fast data sampling and data reduction of the sampled data and a menu driven interface with user aids in all display modes to make it user-friendly Enable operation.

The analyzer has an optical auxiliary arrangement, a system electronics, a sample transport mechanism and software programs for controlling the analyzer on.

The auxiliary optical system has a light source, an input and an output filter wheel, a photodetector and several lenses with which a Light beam focused by optical suvettes formed in a rotor arrangement is guided and hits a photodetector. The rotor assembly is through a motorized spindle rotated.

The light source can be operated in three intensity levels and is placed at the focal point of a lens so that a collimated beam is generated which is in a point in the center of the optical cuvette where it is in the Rotating the rotor assembly through the light beam, is focused. The transmitted Light beam emerging from the sample to be tested passes through further focusing Lenses and meets a photodetector.

The output filter wheel is in the optical whom between the or Meßstel -. -1a1ysepos1zioniun oem photodetector angeoranet. gravel wheel has several optical Filters of different optical bandpass wavelengths on; these filters are at the Arranged on the periphery of the wheel. The wheel is rotatable, making a single optical Filter can be selected and placed in the optical path. In one embodiment the output filter is rotated with a stepper motor that is software-controlled. The fact that several optical filters are included in the output filter wheel is a manual replacement of the filter wheel by a surgeon, as is the case with some known analyzers are required for various photometric tests, not necessary here. In one embodiment according to the invention there are preferably twenty-four optical filters arranged in the output filter wheel.

The inlet filter wheel has several openings on the periphery of the Wheel, in which there are some optical filters. At least one of the openings does not contain an optical filter or a neutral density filter, which is a non-limiting one has optical bandpass property. The input filter wheel can e.g. by means of a stepper motor software-controlled rotated, so that an automatic positioning of the wheel is possible.

The system electronics have various circuits, for example a Auxiliary arrangement for controlling the lamp intensity, a control circuit for the Input and output wheel stepper motor, one linear and one logarithmic amplifier circuit, Auxiliary arrangements for the floppy disk drive, printer, monitor, and others Data processing and control equipment.

The system can automatically handle the test selection made by the user for an absorption or fluorescence measurement can be configured. The inlet filter wheel with its free opening is used for the absorption measurement or the neutral density filter, which has no restricted optical bandpass behavior, in rotated the optical path. The white light from the light source hits the cuvettes, when they turn one after the other and repeatedly through the beam of light. That through the Light transmitted from cuvettes is made using an optical filter of the output filter wheel filtered, which determines the analysis wavelength, and then hits a photodetector that generates a signal corresponding to the absorption of the sample The output signal of the photodetector is sent to a given logarithmic amplifier, then scaled and the detected peak value is converted into a digital signal for further processing.

In one mode of operation for absorption measurements, in a group of cuvettes are filled with reference reagents with known properties, while in Another group of cuvettes of unknown reagents can be arranged. Corresponding the absorption of the cuvettes with the reference reagents is a reference curve or Calibration curve generated and with the help of the Surven smoothing algorithms and transformations a representation of the absorption as a function of the concentration can be generated will. When the test is finished, the curves can be viewed individually on the screen presented to a user. The optical properties of the unknown samples can with the help of algorithms that the calibration curves according to the reference reactants use to be determined.

If the surgeon selects a test with fluorescence measurements via the keyboard, so the system is automatically switched over for fluorescence measurements. The input filter wheel is rotated so that an optical filter of fluorescence excitation wavelength between the light source and the transfer disk is positioned while the output filter wheel between the transfer disk and the photodetector with an optical bandpass behavior accordingly of the selected photoemission wavelength is selected. During operation the light hits the bandpass behavior after passing through the optical filter at. the excitation wavelength on the cuvettes. The samples are excited and emit Light at the photoemission wavelength which corresponds to the optical bandpass behavior of the Filters in the output filter wheel. The photo-emitted light passes through this optical filter and hits the photodetector, one of the sample fluorescence corresponding signal is generated. The photodetector output signal is shown in the fluorescence mode switched to a linear amplifier and thereafter converted into a digital signal for further processing by the system.

The software is used to control the menus on the screen and the digital filtering of the sampled data is carried out, which determines the time individual reactions in the corresponding cuvettes have been completed, data reductions and curve smoothing functions as well as control functions and data transfer options created.

A program screen routine controls the menus and formats displayed on the screen. Depending on each shown on the screen Menus, the user can choose between different functions and using the keyboard make alphanumeric entries into the system.

The Sottware-P, outine corresponds to the inputs of the operator Decisions and initiates either machine operations or measurement functions or the display of other menus or screen formats so that the user can further input can make. The system mode is automatic for absorption measurement or Fluorescence measurement shown on the screen as the result of the operator's inputs.

A digital filter is implemented with the help of programs.

This filter receives its identified by the sample number Data in digital form and represents a filter algorithm that eliminates the random noise the data is reduced.

Another program routine of the system determines the times in which individual reactions within certain cuvettes have been completed. this will by observing the slope of the absorption curve corresponding to the sampled Values reached for each cuvette. The data acquisition for an end pump reaction is terminated when the absorption curve is essentially horizontal, dwh.

the slope of the curve is zero within a predetermined limit. The data acquisition for a kinetic reaction is stopped when the slope of the absorption curve is essentially constant within a predetermined limit value lies. The termination of the data acquisition with the help of the criteria is an advantage for the system. A - - -because this / unnecessary data collection is aborted. Previous analyzers collected the data for a sufficient amount of time to ensure that all reactions would be complete.

Further program routines offer graphic properties with which the sampled data can be presented in various suitable formats.

During a sweep, the system can preferably scan the Show absorption values for individual cuvettes in a bar graph. However, the user can select any other graphics display modes.

A selectable operating mode represents the absorption values as a function the time. The surgeon can also display the cuvette absorption graphically as a function of time for several different wavelengths. After completion of the test can have another selectable option for displaying the standard curve or calibration curve of the Absorption as a function of concentration can be generated, with the values of several normal chemical reagents in the appropriate cuvettes are used during the test. The standard curve or normal curve is a coherent curve that is created with the help of curve smoothing algorithms or transformations from those measured for the corresponding chemical standards Absorption values is determined. There are other graphical display modes possible.

The photometer is equipped with an RS-232 interface and a communication program equipped so that the dialogue with an external computer or a pipettor is possible.

The system according to the invention has the necessary hardware and software to correlate and save the data according to the sample number as well as transferring them to an external data processing system if necessary. Additionally the system can receive data via a communication interface Sera and reagents in a single transfer disk correspond, and with these Perform inputs tests.

The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the drawings 1 shows a perspective view of the centrifugal analysis gate according to the invention, 2A shows a plan view of part of the cut-open transfer disk, FIG. 2B a cross section of the transfer disk and the rotor, FIG. 2C a perspective View of part of the cut open cuvette ring, FIG. 3 a schematic Representation of the optical system according to the invention and its beam path, Fig. 4 shows a block diagram of the system according to the invention, FIG. 5 shows a representation of a Menus that appear on the screen during the start-up phase of the analyzer according to the invention is displayed, FIG. 6 a keyboard arrangement, FIG. 7A a representation of a bar chart, which is displayed on the screen during absorbance measurements, Fig. 7B an exemplary display format for a reference curve showing the absorption of chemical Represents reference samples as a function of their concentration.

Figure 7C illustrates an exemplary display format showing a smoothed data curve as a function of time Fig. 8A is a flow chart for a continuous reference measurement, FIG. 8B shows a flow diagram for reference measurements for certain Times and a Fig. 8C a flow diagram for / initially performed reference measurements.

1 to 3 relate to a centrifugal analyzer according to the invention, who perform both absorption and fluorescence measurements on multiple samples can. The device precisely determines the absorption and fluorescence values of reference, Normal, test or serum samples, which are filled into the corresponding cuvettes. The cuvettes are formed in a cuvette ring arranged inside a rotor.

The respective measurements, i.e. the sample absorption or fluorescence took place while the reactances or test objects located within the cuvettes Rotate around a common center point and a measuring point or analysis position traverse along a fixed optical path.

The centrifugal analyzer includes a console or housing 10 with a Measuring chamber 12, a rotor assembly 30 which has a cuvette ring 14, wherein the Rotor assembly 30 can accommodate a transfer tray /, and with: in, t: a cathode (CRT) zustrahlröhrèals screen 18, a keyboard 20, a Dismit chain drive 22, a printer 24 and additional control and processing electronics. preferably the CRT screen 18 is a 12 "screen, the floppy disk drive 22 is a 5 1/4 '' floppy disk drive and printer 24 is a 40-position thermal printer.

The auxiliary optical arrangement generates, focuses and guides a light beam along a fixed optical path so that those disposed on the periphery of the rotor assembly Cuvettes can be brought into the light beam. The optical one weg has arrangements that both the light incident on the cuvette as the light that can be transmitted through the cuvettes is also filtered Light hits a photodetector which generates a signal that is proportional to the incident intensity is.

The auxiliary optical assembly, the electronics, the data collection process and other aspects of system operation are described in greater detail below.

The basic operation will be described with reference to Figs. 1 to 8C.

With a pipettor according to US Pat. No. 4,344,768, exact amounts of Reference, normal, test and serum samples as well as reagents in the well sections of the rotatable table or the transfer disk 16 is filled. The Transf erdreißia - - - - - - - -Disc 16 has / individual sectionseaut, their depressions Kaaaern have, sc that the sera and the reagents while the disk 16 is stationary are separated. The reagents are generally in the reagent chambers 26 and the samples and diluents are distributed in the sample chambers 28.

The measuring space 12 in the analyzer housing 14 has a rotor arrangement 30 on, which can accommodate a transfer disk 16.

The transfer disk 16 is in the measuring space 12 with the rotor arrangement 30 engaged, driven by a motor 32 controlled by the system electronics will.

The rotational position of the transfer disk 16 and the rotor assembly 30 is by a sensor 34, which is connected to a spindle bS of the rotor arrangement 30 arranged optical Scheiz.B.-an angle encoder one be 36 / cooperates one Revolutions display; e (not shown) and with an optical counting logic 39 1> the one corresponding to the rotational position of the disk 16 and the rotor assembly 30 Signal generated. The measuring space 12 ensures a stable temperature in the measuring environment. An additional partition protects the photodetector 40 and prevents that unwanted stray light enters the photodetector system penetrates. The rotor assembly 30 and nsfer washer 16 may be similar to that in U.S. Patent 3,555 284 in the written arrangement T.Tlit the command 1 to start the MeE operation the motor 32 accelerates the rotor assembly 30 to a speed of rotation of min 60 min. By the action of centrifugal forces on the samples and the reagents The reactances flow within the sample chambers 28 and the reagent chambers 26 above. the partitions and mix in the process. The mixture of reactances will by a generated negative pressure and the resulting effervescence of the reactances supports. The centrifugal force transports the reference samples, the test samples or the reactances through the channels 42 in the transfer disk 16 to the thirty optical Cavities or cuvettes 44, which are annular relative to the corresponding sample and Reagent chambers 28 and 26 of the disc 16 are arranged. The cuvettes 44 are inside the structure of the rotor assembly 30 and are annular outside the Transfer disc 16.

The rotor arrangement 30 has a rotor base surface 46, which is preferably is made of an optically transparent material, e.g. quartz. A cuvette ring 48 is optically durchläs- between the rotor base 46 and a.

sigen upper window ring 50 arranged. The window ring 50 is preferred made of quartz. The cuvette ring 48 has thirty wedge-shaped recesses 52 along the inner circle of the ring 48, these form the thirty optical cavities or cuvettes 44. A window locking ring 53 with several openings at the points the recesses 52 of the cuvette ring 48 is arranged above the upper window ring 50, so that the window ring 50 is held. The transparent window ring 50 and rotor base 46 allow light through the formations 52 that the cuvettes 44 within of the cuvette ring 48 form, is allowed to pass, so that the within the respective Samples located in cuvettes 44 can be optically analyzed. By turning the rotor assembly 30, the cuvettes 44 are sequentially and periodically you penetrated by a light beam at a measuring point. A rotatable output filter wheel 54, which can accommodate multiple optical filters with different wavelengths arranged in the optical iTeg between the photodetector 40 and the measuring point, wherein the optical filters are arranged on the periphery of the output filter wheel 54 are.

The output filter wheel 54 can be rotated by a stepper motor 56 can be positioned with software support, so that a certain optical Filter is selected and placed in the optical path to analyze the wavelength of the transmitted light that hits the photodetector 40 to determine. Of the Photodetector 40 which is a photo amplifier tube (Pt'iT) or any suitable may be photosensitive device is located in the optical path and generates a signal that corresponds to the sample absorption or photoemission of the respective cuvette 44 corresponds, which rotate one after the other through the light beam. An input filter wheel 58 is along the optical path between light source 60 and the transfer disk 15 arranged. The input filter wheel 58 has optical filters on the periphery of the wheel, which corresponds to the exciting wavelength in operation of the fluorescence measurement can be used. For the operation as an absorption measurement is still a completely permeable filter or an opening in the inlet filter wheel 58. That Input filter wheel 58 can also be rotated with a stepper motor 62 and under software control will.

4, the photodetecting signal becomes corresponding to the absorption or photemission from each cuvette LX repeatedly scanned and either one linear amplifier 54 or a logarithmic amplifier 66 as a function supplied by the fluorescence or absorption measurement mode.

The amplified output signal is generated with the control panel potentiometer 94 calibrated, fed to a peak value detector 68, with the analog / digital converter 70 converted into a digital signal and sent to a microprocessor in the evaluation unit 72 for further data processing, data redultion and / or Transfer data display. A hydropneumat s before s system with a hydropneumatic Drive 74 and a hydropneumatic arrangement 76 empties, rinses and dries the Transfer disk 16 and rotor assembly 30, so dc.c'.ß them for a different sequence of operations ready.

The optical eg is designed so that both absorbance and fluorescence measurements are possible in one device.

The path has a light source 60 with selectable intensity, an output filter wheel 54, preferably with 2 "filters of different optical path lengths and an input filter wheel 58 with openings suitable for optical filters of various optical path lengths to take up.

The light source 60, preferably a quartz-iodine lamp, is in focus the first lens 78 arranged so that a bundled light beam is produced. A Mirror 80, preferably with a spherical cross-section, is with respect to the light source 60 opposite, the first lens 78 arranged so that the light beam is amplified will. The essentially parallel light beam emanating from the first lens 78, lies horizontally in this preferred embodiment and meets a second Lens 82 with a fixed focal length, creating the substantially parallel beam is focused at the focal point of the second lens 82. Am a mirror or a 90 ° prism 84 is arranged in the optical path, so that the emanating from the second lens 82 Light beam is passed vertically downwards. The rotor assembly 30 has an axis of rotation 86, so that the arranged in the cuvette ring 48 optical cuvettes 44 through the focal point of the second lens 82, which is down through the mirror or the right-angled prism 84 is deflected, rotate-. That through the rotating optical Light passing through cuvettes 44 hits a third lens 88 and then a fourth lens 90, which together focus the transmitted beam so that the The photodetector 40 arranged below the fourth lens 90 is illuminated.

The output filter wheel 54 has several optical filters, is rotatable, so that one of the filters located in the output filter wheel 54 enters the optical Path between the fourth lens 90 and the photodetector 40 is introduced. That Output filter wheel 54 of one embodiment has 24 optical filters with different Transmission wavelengths on. The output filter wheel can with the help of a stepper motor 56 and software support can be rotated so that a certain optical filter is brought into the optical path.

The input filter wheel 58 has to accommodate several optical Filter openings and is in the optical path between first lens 78 and the second lens 82. The input filter wheel 58 is about an axis of rotation rotatable so that the openings and the filters arranged in the openings in the introduced parallel light beam between the first lens 78 and the second lens 82 At least one of the openings of the input filter wheel 58 contains either No filter at all or a neutral filter or neutral filter with a non-limiting one Bandpass behavior. The free opening or the gray filter of the input filter wheel 58 is preferably placed in the optical path when using the device for absorption measurements should be used.

The optical path system is used for fluorescence measurements by rotation of the input filter wheel 58 changed by an optical filter with a wavelength corresponding to the sample excitation wavelength is brought into the optical path. The filtered light with the excitation wavelength hits the sample in the cuvette 44 and causes the sample fluorescence at a certain wavelength of the photoemission. The output filter wheel 54 is rotated so that a optical filter with a bandpass behavior at the wavelength of photoemission in the optical Is brought away and only the light with the photoemission wavelength reaches the photodetector 40 reached. Light of different wavelengths than the photoemission length is not transmitted through the selected filter. This is from the photo detector 40 generated signal when the system is used as described for fluorescence measurements is representative of the sample photoemission as a result of sample excitation by the incident light at the selected exciting wavelength.

The operation in fluorescence as well as absorption measurements is ongoing simplified by a light source with three intensity levels controlled by software can be selected. Fluorescence measurements require a high intensity the light source, so that there is sufficient sample excitation for accurate measurement of the Sample photo emission is effected.

In one embodiment, there is a strong intensity of the light source 60 caused by the supply of a quartz-iodine lamp with a high voltage. Of the High-intensity operation has benefits related to certain absorption tests for fluorescence measurements. The light source is preferably used for absorption measurements operated at normal intensity, this causes sufficient signal sizes and lengthens the life of the light source lamp. A readiness position for the light source is also available and can, while the device is not performing any measurements, be switched on.

The standby position has a filament preheat and reduces the lamp stabilization time, after a choice for wormal- or strong-intensity operation is needed.

The photodetector 40 generates a signal proportional to the light intensity, that falls on the tube. This signal is amplified and processed.

While the rotor assembly 30 with the plurality of cuvettes 44 with rotates at high speed, the corresponding cuvettes ~ E are sequentially brought into the optical path and zensen or absorptlonen according to the sample fluorine generated many signals.

The photodetector 40 comes with a regulated high voltage supply 92 (PMT HV) and generates an output signal as a function and proportional to the incident light.

In operation for absorption measurements, the photodetector output signal fed to logarithmic amplifier 66, with panel potentiometer 94 calibrated and a peak value detector to detect the maximum signal amplitude 68 supplied. So every single cuvette 44 that passes through the fixed optical path turns, measured. In operation for fluorescence measurements, the output signal is the Photo amplifier tube 40 fed to linear amplifier 64, with the panel potentiometer 94 calibrated and fed to the peak value detector 68.

The peak value detector 68 is connected to the analog / digital converter 70, which is a function of and representative of the peak detector output signal generates a binary signal. The microprocessor removes it from the evaluation unit at fixed intervals 72 data from the analog / digital converter 70. The evaluation unit 72 runs a program --RAM), which is stored in a 16 kB memory with random access (randam access memoryl in the evaluation unit 72 or in a 48 KB memory area of the RAM 96 in the Disk drive unit 98 is stored to process the scanned data, run through various user-selectable algorithms and bystem control functions An image scanning controller 100 is connected directly to the system bus 102 and controls the cathode ray tube screen 18 accommodated in the housing 10 is. Menus and predetermined display formats are output on the screen 18 and are available to a user; the screen 18 is automatically dependent from the inputs a user via the keyboard 20 changed. The screen control 100 receives commands and data via the system bus 102 from the evaluation unit 72, which has the microprocessor. The evaluation unit 72 is also directly connected to the system bus 102.

The input-output expansion unit 104 has input ports for the touch sensitive keyboard 20 shown in FIG. 6 and a Temperature monitoring 106.

The temperature monitoring unit 105 receives an electrical signal, corresponding to the temperature, from a single temperature sensor 108, which is im Cuvette ring 48 is arranged at the cuvette position mull. The expansion unit 104 has output connections for the printer 24, the hydropneumatic drive 74, the temperature monitoring unit 105 and an RS-232 interface 110 for communication with an external computer, a Pi ---------- - aut pettor or another compatible device. One embodiment has two bidirectional communication ports so that communication with a pipettor and another camper is possible are. The input-output expansion unit 1G4 receives commands and data from the evaluation unit 72 via the system bus 102.

The input wheel stepper motor 62 and the output wheel stepper motor 56 are dependent on the control signals of the filter wheel drive circuit and logic 112 moves, this receives its commands from the evaluation unit 72.

The executing system software or the work program is in the 16 kB memory, preferably with random access (RAM) of the evaluation unit 72 or in a 48 k3 memory, preferably with random access (RAM) 96> der together with the disk drive circuit 114 in the disk drive unit 98 is housed.

The disk drive circuit 114 is direct to the disk drive 22 connected, which is used for program and data storage used will. The disk drive unit 98 is also via a bidirectional Interface connected to system bus 102 so that commands and data information can be exchanged from and to the evaluation unit 72. The one in one housing Floppy disk drive unit 98 housed is made by Nippon Electric Corporation, Model No. BP2190 manufactured, but it can be used against any other Device that has the same properties can be replaced.

The cuvette reaction data are updated every two seconds optical cuvettes 44 and for each selected wavelength during rotor rotation scanned. The absorption measurements require a reference level which is preferred is chosen with the absorption of water. A water reference or a zero standard, can e.g. be filled into cuvette O. A reagent test item or zero standard can then be placed in the cuvette 1; this zero standard is used for compensation of changes in reagent absorption as a function of temperature. In the absorption measurements operating mode, cuvette 0 with the water becomes zero standard is sampled first and this absorbance value is derived from the measured absorbances all other cuvettes removed. Next, cuvette 1 is filled with the reagent zero standard scanned and this absorption in turn of all measured absorptions of the following Cuvettes subtracted. The digital signals that correspond to the absorption of the individual cuvettes are fed to a software digital filter that removes the random noise and produces a smooth absorption curve. In addition, the change in absorption i.e. the slope of the absorption values, calculated from each test specimen reaction, which The slope is defined by: the new absorption value minus the previous absorption value divided by the time interval TW between two samples.

For example, the system allows three test runs in which the specimen absorption with up to three distal lengths in addition to the analysis wavelength is measured. These test data are either used to calculate a baseline or to correct for substances that interfere with the absorption measurement used Test data are related to the measured data at predetermined times subtracted with the selected test mode. The way of working with the various Test modes are explained below with reference to Figures 8A, 8B and 8C.

During operation with a continuous reference measurement 116 According to FIG. 8A, absorption measurements are made on the samples in cuvettes 0 to 29 at the analysis wavelength according to step 120 and at up to three test wavelengths carried out according to steps 126, 128 and 130 after the start for the rotor assembly rotation occurred in accordance with step 118. With step 122 the absorption value of cuvette 0 measured at the analysis wavelength, the contains a water reference of the absorbance values measured at the analysis wavelength of cuvettes 1 to 29 are subtracted. Next, at step 124, the at Absorbance value measured at the analysis wavelength of TE save 1, which is a reagent reference contains, subtracted from the values of cuvettes 2 to 29; thereby one obtains a Intermediate result for the absorption values of cuvettes 2 to 29, which is the correction for the cuvettes, water and reagent absorption at the analysis wavelength. Next, a reference value is determined for each cuvette 44 by adding the absorption values at each of the three reference wavelengths through user-specific calibration constants weighted, see steps 126, 128 and 130, and the absorptions of the test objects withdrawn from cuvettes 0 and 1 according to the water and the reagent reference will. These weighted absorptions are then summed and in step 132 a reference value is obtained. The reference value for each cuvette 44 results as follows: Bi = K1A1i + K2A2i + K3A3i with: B. = the reference value for sample number i, where i is an element of the set 2, 3 .. 29, K1 = calibration factor for of the first reference wavelength K2 = calibration factor at the second reference wavelength K3 = calibration factor at the third reference wavelength A1 = the measured absorption at the first reference wavelength for sample number i with the absorptions subtracted of cuvettes O and 1 A2 = the measured absorption at the second reference wavelength for sample number i with the subtracted absorptions of cuvettes 0 and 1 A3 = the measured absorption at the third reference wavelength for sample number i with the subtracted absorptions of cuvettes 0 and 1.

According to step 134, the reference value Bi, which is for the cuvettes 2 to 29 results from the intermediate results of the absorption values given in step 124 are subtracted to give a final absorbance value AF. for a given sample. The final absorbance value obtained according to the following Equation is calculated, in step 136 the digital filter is used for further processing forwarded.

AB = SAAj A1 -A0 - [K1A1i + K2A2i + K3A3i] with: AF. = the final one corrected absorbance value for sample i, which is passed through the digital filter every 2 seconds is supplied, A1 = the intermediate result for the absorbance value the sample i 1 corrected with the Hasser reagent and cuvette ßbsorptionen in the Analysis wavelength B. = the reference value calculated for sample i.

The final corrected absorption values AF. for samples 2 to 29 are generated every 2 seconds with step 138 until the data acquisition for a single sample is terminated in decision step 140. If all of the data is complete, the device leaves the continuous reference mode with step 142.

In another operating mode, as shown in FIG. 8B, the operating mode with a Reference measurement at certain times, the reference value for each cuvette 44 at a user-specific own reference time after the start of the rotor rotation is calculated at time D0 in steps 144, 146, 148, 150, 152, 154 and 156.

The final value for the absorption AFV is obtained after subtracting the measured absorptions for the water reference in cuvette 0 and the reagent reference in cuvette 1 of the measured sample absorptions at the reaction end point according to Steps 158, 160 and 162. The final result for the absorption AFR. for each cuvette 44 is then, after the data acquisition 1 has been completed with step 164, by subtracting the reference value B. from the final value of the absorption ASVi for a particular sample is calculated in step 166.

The reference value measured at the time TB in the operating mode with the Time interval reference measurement provides a single reference value for each sample which is subtracted from the final result of the absorption, giving a final result that of the change in absorbance between the reference times TB and the reaction endpoint TF for each sample. End after the run the device leaves this operating mode with step 168.

A third operating mode that works with a fixed reference is similar to the mode of operation of FIG. 8B.

The reference value B. becomes the reference calculation in a first run determined prior to a second sample measurement run. The analyzer joins of stage 170 into the fixed reference mode and that during the first pass 5 reference value calculated in step 172 is stored in memory. Upon termination The data acquisition in the second run becomes the reference value of the for each sample The measured end point absorptions are subtracted and a final result is obtained for the Absorbance, which is the difference between the final absorbance result and the reference value, which is measured during the first run 5 corresponds to, see step 174.

After completing the data acquisition in the second run and calculation of the final result of the absorption AFRi for all cuvettes leaves the system in step 176 the fixed reference mode.

The technique for data collection varies with the type of reaction. Most reactions are either kinetic reactions or completed (endpoints) Reactions.

During a kinetic reaction, the slope of the curve in Recorded as a function of the digital filter output for each cuvette 44. With beginning at time T0, the slope becomes continuous during the interval Tw drawn on. If at any time; the change of the instantaneous If the slope exceeds a limit value TL, the process is repeated for a new interval Started tw.

If the change in the slope for a cuvette is within the switching limit TL remains, the data collection for the individual cuvette is ended and the cuvette value is saved until the end of the run. If all cuvettes 44 meet the switching criterion or when a test end point TF is reached, the run is ended. The cuvettes 44, which exceed the limit value TL at the end time k, are as not linearly marked. The absorbance values recorded for each cuvette are the average absorptions during the interval TW at the end of the kinetic {2ealition are the calculated curves for each cuvette 44 either directly in Absorbance units recorded or multiplied by a preselected calibration factor and represented as units of concentration.

During an endpoint test, the sample absorptions corresponding to the The output value of the digital filter is recorded for each cuvette 44. At time T0, the data are recorded at the analysis wavelength, unless reference wavelengths have been specified beforehand, in this case reference data is also used recorded. The absorption in each cuvette is continuous during the interval Recorded Tw. If at any point the change in absorption is a switching limit of the test, the test is repeated for a new interval Tw. if the change in absorption remains within the limit value TL, this sample value becomes saved for a specific cuvette until the end of the run. When all cuvettes correspond to the limit value criterion or if the end time TF is reached, will the run ends. When a time series or fixed reference mode is set by the User selected, the reference measurement will be based on the analysis measurements Continuous subtracted. The recorded absorption values correspond to the mean value the absorption during the interval Tw.

When the user indicates on the keyboard 20 that chemical standards have been placed in certain cuvettes, the photometer can depending on the commands that the user enters, a normal curve or calibration curve of the Generate absorption as a function of the concentration of the normal.

The curve is on the screen 18 as a user selectable option representable.

In an operating mode that is variable by the user, the photometer determines the concentration of unknown samples contained in certain cuvettes 44 by entering measured absorption values that correspond to the corresponding unknown samples were determined for an algorithm that determines the sample concentration calculated. The concentration of the unknowns will then be on the user's side Screen 18 or output via the printer 24.

The data corresponding to the sample concentration or absorbance, are preferably displayed on the screen 18 after the end of each run.

The simplifications according to the invention allow data to be collected with high data rate and enable the analysis wavelength via the software-controlled Stepper motor 56 that rotates the output filter wheel 54 to change. The properties of the device, especially the high-speed data reduction, allows testing of sample groups at different analysis wavelengths in the same run.

This analysis technique is known as the multi-chemistry mode of operation.

Multichemic mode operations are used for an absorbance measurement carried out as follows. The output filter wheel 54 is software-controlled by the Stepper motor 56 rotated and an optical filter that defines the analysis wavelength, will be chosen. The optical cuvettes 44 arranged in the rotor arrangement 30 rotate through the light beam and from a user specified group of samples data values are recorded that show the sample absorption at a specific analysis wavelength correspond. The output filter wheel is software-controlled by the stepper motor 56 further rotated and a second predetermined optical filter with a second Analysis wavelength selected. The rotor assembly 30 rotates repeatedly through the Light beam and a second group of optical cuvettes 44, which were previously over the Keyboard 20 will be selected on the second Analysis wavelength scanned and the corresponding absorption values for analysis and further processing recorded.

3s can have up to six analysis wavelengths with the corresponding six different preselected tests can be selected. By availability of 24 different optical filters included in the output filter wheel 54 of the preferred Embodiment are arranged and can be selected under software control, this operating mode is simplified.

The photometer allows the user to specify analysis as well as reference wavelengths. The limitation of the number of tests and the number of wavelengths are insignificant limitations and can be changed by a higher number of tests and measurement wavelengths can be realized with the method according to the invention.

Multi-chemistry modes of operation are only available through manual ones in earlier systems Selection and modification of optical filter components possible.

The operating options belonging to the invention allow that even relatively unqualified surgeons can use the device. Furthermore is there is great flexibility for device use and test specifications.

After switching on the analyzer, a program floppy disk is saved in the DishetQenlaufwerk 22 inserted. An indicator lights up on the floppy disk drive 22 and the message 1: Loading the program "appears on the screen 18. After the floppy disk drive 22 the software programs in the appropriate memory, Preferably memory with random access (Random Access Memories) in the evaluation unit 72 has loaded and the floppy disk control unit 98 / erKEisch: aie hn display and the menu according to FIG. 5 appears on the screen 18.

To select a certain menu category, the symbol called up by pressing the appropriate key on the keyboard 20 - After the Selection of the category by the user, a new image appears on the screen 18th

A full description of the screen formats and the suitable User responses can be found in the associated operating instructions. The according to the invention The system has significantly improved graphics properties than previous centrifugal photometers. The predecessors of the photometer according to the invention allowed a bar graph display the absorption by the cuvettes on a screen.

The current system does not only have bar graph display properties but has additional display options for absorption and / or fluorescence values which are measured simultaneously as a function of time. In a possible The form of representation is a smooth curve of the absorption as a function of time by the distributed data values from one of the selectable data reduction routines! which contains the system software library for handling curves will. As an example, FIGS. 7A, 7B and 7C each show a bar chart, a normal curve and a smoothed data plot are shown. Preferably be the absorption values in real-real time representation for all cuvettes to be tested 44 is shown in bar graph format, however, the user can choose between other displays select e.g. the reaction curves for up to 3 cuvettes or for a single one Cuvette the curves corresponding to the cuvette absorption at several wavelengths. The selected curves appear on the screen 18 during the remainder of the phase. Additionally After the end of the run, the surgeon can display a normal curve Select.

Claims (26)

t'Zentrifugalanalysator "patent claims k 1 centrifugal analyzer with a) a rotatable rotor arrangement (30) with several arranged on its periphery optical cuvettes (44), each cuvette (44) during rotation of the rotor assembly (30) coming past a measuring point, b) devices for transmitting the data to be analyzed Samples from a transfer disk (16) with several sample clamps (26,28) to the corresponding cuvettes (44) in the rotor assembly (30) during the rotation of the Disc (16) and the rotor arrangement (30), c) a light source (60) and optionally optical Components (7o, 80, 82, 84) for guiding a light beam into the cuvettes on the Measuring point, d) a first rotatable filter wheel (58) between the light source (60) and the measuring point is arranged, with several optical filters on the corresponding Filter positions that each have certain spectral properties and where at least one filter position shows no restrictive spectral behavior, e) rotating means which selectively move the first filter wheel (58) to one of the filter positions turn into the beam of light, f) a second rotatable filter wheel (54) with several optical filters, g) rotating devices with which the second Filter wheel (54) is positioned so that one of the filters located therein is selected to receive the light coming from the cuvette in the analysis position, h) a detector (40) which tracks the light coming from the cuvette at the measuring point Passing through one of the filters of the second filter wheel (54) receives and an electrical Derives signal proportional to the received light intensity, and i) one Processing unit that depends on the electrical signal from the detector (40) provides a result that corresponds to the properties of the selected sample. 2. Analyzer according to claim 1, characterized in that the rotating device for the second filter wheel (54) has an electric motor (56) which is dependent on by a first motor control signal, the second filter wheel (54) in the selected position rotates and that the rotating device has arrangements that the first Notorsteuersignal generated. 3. Analyzer according to claim 2, characterized in that the electric motor (56) is a stepper motor. 4. Analyzer according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that a) that the rotating devices for the first filter wheel (58) have an electric motor (62) have, the first filter as a function of a second notor control signal wheel (58) rotates to the selected position, and b) that the analyzer assemblies for generating the second motor control signal 5. Analyzer according to one of the Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the rotating devices for the first filter rad (58) is a stepper motor. 6. Analyzer according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that that the processing unit has decision arrangements that the point in time determine at which the inclusion of data of the corresponding samples in the associated Cuvette is finished. 7. Analyzer according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that that the light source comprises a lamp (60) and a lamp intensity control. 8. Analyzer according to claim 7, characterized in that the lamp (60) is a quartz iodine lamp. 9. Analyzer according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that that the electrical signals generated by the detector (40) are analog signals. 10. Analyzer according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that that the detector (40) is a photodetector. 11. Analyzer according to claim 10, characterized in that the photodetector (40) has a photomultiplier tube. 12. Analyzer according to one of claims 9 to 11, characterized by Converter s the analog signals corresponding to the specific sample properties into Transform digital signals. 13. Analyzer according to claim 12, characterized by digital filter, with which the digital signals are digitally filtered according to the sampled values to reduce the noise of the sampled values. 14. Analyzer according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized by Signal processing units for We Iterverarbe 1 th the electrical signals of the Detector (40) with a linear amplifier (64), logarithmic amplifier (66) and an on-switch, with d.em according to the operating mode selected by a surgeon one of the amplifier devices is interconnected with the signal processing unit will. 15. Analyzer according to claim 14, characterized in that the analyzer in the fluorescence measurement mode and / or in the absorption measurement mode can work. 16. Analyzer according to claim 15, characterized by an input unit for generating a signal and for selecting an operating mode. 17. Analyzer according to claim 16, characterized in that the input unit is a keyboard (20). 18. Analyzer according to claim 16 or 17, characterized in that for the mode absorption measurement, the first rotatable filter wheel (58) with a optical filter, which makes no spectral restriction, rotated into the light beam and that the logarithmic amplifier is switched on. 19. Analyzer according to claim 18, characterized in that the absorption measurement is carried out with a continuous reference measurement, and with a) a device, which successively move the filter wheel (54) into an analysis position and into several reference positions brings so that according to the sample absorption in all cuvettes at the analysis position and at everyone the corresponding reference positions analysis and Reference signals are generated by the detector (40), and wherein b) by the processing the continuous reference measurements for each cuvette depending on the analysis and a baseline value is determined for reference signals which is indicative of the chemistry of an individual Body is representative 20. Analyzer according to claim 19, characterized in that that a) the second filter wheel (O4) is rotated in the analysis position so that a optical filter with a bandpass behavior / the analysis wavelength of the the cuvette is interposed at the measuring point of the received light, and b) that the second filter wheel (54) is rotated at each reference position so that a optical filter with a bandpass response corresponding to the predetermined reference wavelength interposed for the light captured by the cuvette at the analysis position is. 21. Analyzer according to claim 20, characterized in that the processing devices have calibration devices for the continuous reference measurement, so that from the Reference signals for each cuvette corresponding to the signals at each reference position calibrated reference signals are generated. 22..Analysator according to claim 21, characterized in that the processing devices for the continuous reference measurement has devices with which a reference signal is generated which corresponds to the sum of the calibrated reference signals for each cuvette. 23. Analyzer according to claim 22, characterized in that the processing devices for the continuous reference measurement have devices that have a continuous Generate reference output signal for each cuvette that is the difference between the Analysis signal and the reference signal corresponds. 24. Analyzer according to one of claims 18 to 23, characterized through the absorption flow with a reference measurement at astonished points in time, with a) a delay unit, which a delay signal with a predetermined Delay time generated after the start of rotor assembly rotation, b) facilities, - The one after the other the second filter wheel (54) depending on the delay signal rotate in several reference positions so that according to the sample absorption for reference signals are generated for all cuvettes at each reference position, c) processing devices for a reference measurement at certain points in time, which a reference signal from the Determine reference signals for each sample, d) facilities with which the second Filter wheel (54) is brought into an analysis position, so that an analysis signal accordingly the sample absorption for each cuvette when they are brought to the measuring point, is generated, e) storage devices that store the analysis signals, f) arrangements, with which the storage of analysis signals for certain samples, depending on of which an end state has been reached is terminated, and with g) processing devices for the reference measurement at certain times that have facilities, with which an output signal which is the difference between the final reaction value and corresponds to the reference signal for each cuvette. 25. Analyzer according to claim 24, characterized in that a) that the second filter wheel at each reference position an optical filter with a reference wavelength with which the light from the cuvette is received at the analysis position, and b) that the second filter wheel (54) is in the analysis position optical filter with a bandpass behavior corresponding to the analysis wavelength with which the light from the cuvette is received at the measuring point, 26th Analyzer according to Claim 25, characterized by calibration devices for each reference signal, in order to generate corresponding calibrated reference signals from it. 27. Analyzer according to claim 26, characterized in that the processing devices for the reference measurement at certain times have facilities with which a calibrated reference signal for each cuvette corresponding to the sum of the calibrated Reference signals is generated, and has devices with which an output signal corresponding to the difference between the final reaction value and the calibrated one Reference value is generated. 28. Analyzer according to one of claims 18 to 27, characterized in that that the absorption measurement is carried out with an initially performed reference measurement comes with a) delay devices in a first pass after starting the rotation of the transfer disk (16) with the rotor arrangement (30) a delay signal with a certain delay value, with a first group of Samples are located in the corresponding cuvettes, b) facilities with which the second filter wheel (54) as a function of the delay signal several reference positions moves away so that for each of the reference positions at which the second wheel is located, Reference signals generated according to the absorption for all samples in the cuvettes will, c) processing equipment with the initial reference measurement, the one fixed reference value for each sample from the reference signals of the first Generate pass ~ d) reference signal storage devices, the / angsrefe renzwerte store, e) devices with which the second filter wheel (54) in a second The run with a second group of samples is brought into an analysis position, order according to the absorption of the samples in the respective cuvettes, one after the other come to the meeting point to generate analysis signals, f) storage facilities, which store the analysis signals g) devices which store the analysis signals for certain samples complete when a limit value, i.e. a final reaction value is achieved, and with h) processing means for the initial reference measurement: dge E X have directions that allow an output signal for each sample accordingly the difference between the final response value after the second run and the initial reference value is formed after the first pass. 29. Analyzer according to claim 28, characterized in that a) that the second filter wheel (54) at each of the reference positions an optical filter with a Has reference wavelength with which the light from the cuvette at the measuring point is received and b) that the second filter wheel (54) is an optical one in the analysis position Has a filter with a bandpass behavior corresponding to the analysis wavelength, with which the light from the cuvette is received at the measuring point. 30. Analyzer according to claim 27, characterized by calibration devices for the reference signals with which the calibrated reference signals for each cuvette are accordingly the signals, which are located at each of the reference positions of the second Filter wheel result, are generated. 31. Analyzer according to claim 30, characterized in that the processing devices with the initial reference measurement have facilities with which a calibrated Reference signal for each cuvette corresponding to the sum of the calibrated reference signals is generated, and has means with which an output signal that the The difference between the final reaction value and the calibrated reference value, is produced. 32. Analyzer according to claim 16, characterized in that in the Fluorescence measurement mode a) the first rotatable filter wheel (58) with an optical one Filter is brought into the light beam, which has an optical bandpass behavior accordingly the sample excitation wavelength, b) the second rotatable filter wheel (54) having a optical filter that has an optical bandpass response at one wavelength of the sample emission which differs from the excitation wavelength of the sample into the light beam is brought and c) the linear amplifier (64) is integrated into the circuit. 53. Analyzer according to one of claims 1 to 32, characterized by Display units with which a visible display of the outputs according to the Properties of the selected samples is possible. 34. Analyzer according to claim 33, characterized in that the display unit a cathode ray tube (18) and a cathode ray tube control unit (1 00) to check the visible display on the cathode ray tube. 35. Analyzer according to claim 33 or 34, characterized by display processing units, with which simultaneous bar graph displays for the absorption values of all cuvettes be performed. 36. Analyzer according to one of claims 33 to 35, characterized by display processing units for selecting graphical representations which the absorption values of samples arranged within the cuvettes as a function represent the time. 37. Analyzer according to one of claims 33 to 36, characterized by display processing units for selecting graphical representations which the smoothed reaction values of samples arranged within the cuvettes as Represent a function of time. 38. Analyzer according to one of claims 33 to 37, characterized in that that several chemical standards are filled in corresponding cuvettes, the Analyzer has signal processing units with which according to the absorption and concentration of the respective chemical standards, a calibration curve of the absorption is generated as a function of concentration. 39. Analyzer according to claim 38, characterized in that the display processing units Means for generating a standard curve and using one of several Have curve treatment algorithms, and arrangements for representing the curve on the display devices depending on input commands. 40. Analyzer according to claim 38 or 39, characterized by processing units, with which the absorbance for unknown samples by using the standard curve and Interpola tion is determined from this curve, so that the Properties of unknown samples can be determined. 41. Analyzer according to one of claims 33 to 40, characterized by display processing units for selecting menu representations of command formats for controlling the operating mode of the analyzer. 42. Analyzer according to one of claims 33 to 41, characterized by a printer (24) with which the properties of the selected samples are printed Form can be output. 45. Centrifugal analyzer with a) a light source (60), b) focusing devices (80,78,82,84,88,90) for bundling the light source (60) into a light beam along an optical path; c) detector assemblies (40) positioned along the optical path are arranged and proportional to the incident light intensity an analog Generate signal, d) a rotor arrangement (30), which is between the light source (60) and the detector (40) is arranged and a transfer disk (16) with several can accommodate samples to be analyzed, e) facilities for transferring the samples from the disc (16) to the corresponding cuvettes (44) in the rotor assembly (30), if the transfer disk (16) rotates synchronously with the rotor assembly (30), wherein each cuvette comes to a measuring point during the rotation of the arrangement (70), f) several optical cuvettes (44) in which the samples to be analyzed are received are, and which are arranged on the periphery of the rotor assembly such that the corresponding cuvettes during the rotation of the arrangement in the optical Get away g) a first rotatable filter wheel (58) between the light source (60) and the rotor arrangement (30) are arranged in the optical path, h) several optical filters that are attached to the periphery of the first filter wheel (58) are arranged so that they during the rotation of the first filter wheel (58) the bring the appropriate filter into the light beam, i) a second rotatable filter wheel (54) which is along the optical path between the rotor assembly (30) and the detector assemblies (40) is arranged, k) several optical filters attached to the periphery of the second Filter wheel (54) are arranged so that they during de.r rotation of the second filter wheel (54) are placed in the light beam with the appropriate optical filters, 1) Converter for converting the analog signal generated by the detector (40) into a digital signal, which is representative of the analog signal, m) processing units for processing the digital signals and for controlling the analyzer functions, n) storage devices for storing the sampled values corresponding to the digital signals which the optical Contain properties of the respective samples, and o) display arrangements for representation the information about the optical properties of the corresponding samples. 44. Analyzer according to claim 43, characterized by rotating devices for the second rotatable filter wheel (54), depending on the second filter wheel to rotate to the selected position by a first Notor control signal. 45. Analyzer according to claim 44, characterized by rotary assemblies for the first filter wheel (58), which the first filter wheel depending on a Turn the second motor control signal to the selected position. 46. Analyzer according to claim 43, characterized in that the processing arrangements Decision devices have for determining the point in time at which the recording can be terminated by data on the samples in the corresponding cuvettes. 47. Analyzer according to claim 43, characterized by digital filter, which contains the data on the optical properties of the cells arranged in the respective cuvettes Filter samples digitally and thus reduce the noise of the sampled values. 46. Analyzer according to claim 43, characterized in that the light source (60) comprises a lamp and arrangements for controlling the lamp intensity. 49. Analyzer according to claim 43, characterized by signal processing units, which is used to process the analog signals coming from the detector (40), with a Linear amplifier (64), a logarithmic amplifier (66) and a switch, with the one depending on the measuring mode selected by the operator of the two amplifiers is interconnected with the signal processing unit. 50. Analyzer according to claim 49, characterized in that the analyzer either in the fluorescence measurement mode or in the absorption measurement mode can work, and that input units send a signal depending on a user command, to select an operating mode, generate. 51. Analyzer according to claim 50, characterized in that the input device has a keyboard (20). 52. Analyzer according to claim 50 or 51, characterized in that to configure the analyzer in the absorption measurement mode with the first rotatable filter wheel (58) placed an optical filter in the optical path which has no influence on the spectral properties, and the logarithmic Amplifier (66) is integrated into the circuit. 53. Analyzer according to claim 52, characterized in that the absorption measurement is carried out with an ongoing reference measurement, and a) a device has, which successively the second filter wheel (54) in an analysis position and brings into several reference positions, so that according to the sample absorption in all cuvettes at the analysis position and at each of the corresponding reference positions Analysis and reference signals are generated by the detector (40), and wherein b) by processing the continuous reference measurements for each cuvette as a function of an output value is determined from the analysis and reference signals, which for the Chemistry of a single body is representative. 54. Analyzer according to one of claims 52 or 53, characterized by means of the absorption flow with a reference to determined points in time with a) a delay unit which generates a delay signal with a predetermined Delay time generated after the start of rotor assembly rotation, b) facilities, one after the other the anite filter wheel (54) depending on the delay signal rotate in several reference positions so that according to the sample absorption for reference signals are generated for all cuvettes at each reference position, c) Processing devices for a reference measurement at specific times that determine a reference signal from the reference signals for each sample, d) facilities, with which the second filter wheel (54) is brought into an analysis position so that an analysis signal corresponding to the sample absorption for each cuvette when they are brought to the measuring point, is generated, e) storage devices that the Store analysis signals, f) arrangements with which the storage of analysis signals for certain samples, depending on whether if. an end state has been reached, is ended, and with g) processing devices for the reference measurement at certain times that have facilities, with which an output signal which is the difference between the final reaction value and corresponds to the reference signal for each cuvette. 55. Analyzer according to one of claims 52 to 54, characterized in that that the absorption measurement is carried out with a reference measurement carried out at the beginning is with a) delay devices in a first run after the start the rotation of the transfer disk (16) with the rotor arrangement (30) a delay signal with a certain delay value, with a first group of Samples are located in the corresponding cuvettes, b) facilities with which the second filter wheel (54) as a function of the delay signal several reference positions moves away so that for each of the reference positions at which the second wheel is located, Reference signals generated according to the absorption for all samples in the cuvettes will, c) processing equipment with the initial reference measurement, a fixed reference location for each sample from the reference signals of the first run generate d) reference signal storage devices which store / initial reference values, e) Devices with which the second filter wheel (54) in a second pass is brought into an analysis position with a second group of samples, according to the absorption of the samples in the respective cuvettes, which are successively sent to the .Meßstelle come to generate analysis signals, f) storage devices which the analysis signals save g) facilities that save the analysis signals for certain Complete samples when a limit value, i.e. a final reaction value, is reached, and with h) processing devices for the initial reference measurement which have devices with which an output signal for each sample corresponding to the difference between the final response value after the second run and the initial reference value the first pass is formed. 5O. Analyzer according to one of Claims 52 to 55, characterized in that that in the fluorescence measurement mode a) the first rotatable filter wheel (58) with an optical filter is placed in the light beam, which has an optical bandpass behavior corresponding to the sample excitation wavelength, b) the second rotatable filter wheel (54) with an optical filter that has an optical bandpass response at one wavelength the sample emission has different from the excitation wavelength of the sample is placed in the light beam and c) the linear amplifier (64) in the circuit is involved.