DE338300C - Process for the detection of inhomogeneities in the most diverse objects, especially in mixtures and alloys, as well as for the quantitative determination of the constituents with the help of X-rays - Google Patents

Process for the detection of inhomogeneities in the most diverse objects, especially in mixtures and alloys, as well as for the quantitative determination of the constituents with the help of X-rays

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Publication number
DE338300C
DE338300C DE1919338300D DE338300DD DE338300C DE 338300 C DE338300 C DE 338300C DE 1919338300 D DE1919338300 D DE 1919338300D DE 338300D D DE338300D D DE 338300DD DE 338300 C DE338300 C DE 338300C
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Germany
Prior art keywords
alloys
mixtures
inhomogeneities
well
rays
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
DE1919338300D
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German (de)
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ALFRED STIRM DR
VEIFA WERKE
Original Assignee
ALFRED STIRM DR
VEIFA WERKE
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Application filed by ALFRED STIRM DR, VEIFA WERKE filed Critical ALFRED STIRM DR
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Publication of DE338300C publication Critical patent/DE338300C/en
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N23/00Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00
    • G01N23/02Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material
    • G01N23/06Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material and measuring the absorption
    • G01N23/18Investigating the presence of flaws defects or foreign matter
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N23/00Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00
    • G01N23/02Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material
    • G01N23/06Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material and measuring the absorption
    • G01N23/083Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material and measuring the absorption the radiation being X-rays

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Analysing Materials By The Use Of Radiation (AREA)

Description

Verfahren zum Nachweis von Inhomogenitäten in den verschiedensten Objekten, vor allem in Mischungen und Legierungen, sowie zur quantitativen Bestimmung der Bestandteile mit Hilfe von Röntgenstrahlen. Es ist bekannt, mit Hilfe von Röntgenstrahlen die topographische und quantitative Analyse von undurchsichtigen Gegenständen auszuführen. Es sind hierbei aber bisher nur die Wirkungen der Strahlen auf den. Leuchtschirm und die photographische Platte benutzt worden, welche aus bekannten naheliegenden Gründen besonders hinsichtlich der quantitativen Bestimmung starken Einschränkungen unterliegen.Method for the detection of inhomogeneities in the most diverse Objects, especially in mixtures and alloys, as well as for quantitative determination the components with the help of X-rays. It is known with the help of X-rays to carry out the topographical and quantitative analysis of opaque objects. So far, however, there are only the effects of the rays on the. Luminescent screen and the photographic plate have been used which are known from known obvious Reasons for severe restrictions, especially with regard to the quantitative determination subject.

Als eine viel leistungsfähigere Methode erscheint die elektroskopische, besonders in ihrer Anwendung auf die Untersuchung von Legierungen und Gemischen. Es wird dabei die zu untersuchende Mischung dem Elektroskop als Strahlenfilter vorgeschaltet, und es wird die Zeit gemessen, welche das Elektroskopblättchen braucht, um. über einen gewissen Teil der Skala abzufallen. Die Zeiten, welche hierbei den verschiedenen Metallen entsprechen., sind außerordentlich verschieden. So betrug z. B. die Abfallszeit für Aluminium, Kupfer und Blei bei einer Filterstärke von i mm, einer Spannung von etwa roo ooo Volt (an einer Fürstenau-Coolidgeröhre) und einer Vorfilterung durch i mm Kupfer und i mm Aluminium 48, 328 und 6 85o Sekunden (die letztere Zahl aus einer Messung von geringerer Zeitdauer berechnet). Es ist klar, daß bei den enormen Abfallszeiten für Blei der Gehalt an diesem Metall in einer Legierung, wenn für diese ein bestimmter Wert der Abfallszeit bei bestimmter Plattendicke gefunden wurde, einen gewissen, Betrag nicht überschreiten kann. So wurde z. B. für eine Kombination von Aluminium-, Kupfer- und Bleifiltern von der gesamten Dicke von i mm eine Abfallszeit von 388 Sekunden gefunden. Diese Zeit entspricht einem Filter aus reinem Blei von etwa o,29 mm. Der dieser Dicke entsprechende Gehalt an Blei stellt das Maximum an Blei vor, das. in einer Legierung mit der Abfallszeit von 388 Sekunden bei einer Plattendicke von i mm. vorkommen kann. Ebenso kann ein Minimum von Blei festgestellt werden, da eine Platte von i mm Stärke aus reinem Kupfer nur eine Abfallszeit von 328 Sekunden ergibt. Hieraus berechnet sich ein Minimalgehalt an Blei, der einer Schichtdicke von o,o7 mm Blei entspricht. Das verwendete Bleiblech hatte in der Tat eine zwischen diesen beiden Grenzen liegende Stärke, nämlich 0,2 mm.The electroscopic method appears to be a much more powerful method, especially in its application to the study of alloys and mixtures. The mixture to be examined is connected upstream of the electroscope as a radiation filter, and the time it takes for the electroscope lamina to be measured is measured. falling over a certain part of the scale. The times which correspond to the various metals are extraordinarily different. So was z. E.g. the waste time for aluminum, copper and lead with a filter thickness of 1 mm, a voltage of about 40000 volts (on a Fürstenau Coolid tube) and a pre- filtering through 1 mm copper and 1 mm aluminum 48, 328 and 6 85o seconds ( the latter number calculated from a measurement of less time). It is clear that, given the enormous fall times for lead, the content of this metal in an alloy, if a certain value of the fall time has been found for a certain plate thickness, cannot exceed a certain amount. So was z. B. found a fall time of 388 seconds for a combination of aluminum, copper and lead filters of the entire thickness of 1 mm. This time corresponds to a filter made of pure lead of about 0.29 mm. The lead content corresponding to this thickness represents the maximum amount of lead that can be found in an alloy with a decay time of 388 seconds with a plate thickness of 1 mm. can occur. A minimum of lead can also be found, as a 1 mm thick plate made of pure copper only gives a fall time of 328 seconds. A minimum lead content is calculated from this, which corresponds to a layer thickness of 0.07 mm lead. The lead sheet used actually had a thickness between these two limits, namely 0.2 mm.

Durch Verwendung verschiedener Spannungen und der diesen entsprechenden Röhrenhärten werden andere Abfallszeiten erhalten, welche sich für die einzelnen Bestandteile in verschiedener Weise verändern, so daß unter Verwendung der bekanntem "Absorptionsformel unabhängige Gleichungen. erhalten werden, welche die Schichtdicken als Unbekannte enthalten. Durch eine genügende Zahl von Gleichungen können diese Unbekannten und daraus die Prozentgehalte berechnet werden.By using different voltages and the corresponding ones Tube hardnesses will get different fall times, which differ for the individual Modify components in various ways, so that using the known "Absorption formula independent equations. Which the layer thicknesses included as unknowns. With a sufficient number of equations, these Unknowns and from them the percentages are calculated.

Durch Messungen an verschiedenen Stellen derUntersuchungsobjekte könnenInhomogenitäten derselben (bei Legierungen: P-ntmischungen, Aussaigerungen, Ausscheidungen von Mischkristallen verschiedener Zusammensetzung ui ,# ri3,) mit großer Genauigkeit festgestellt wbrden:Measurements at different points on the examination objects can lead to inhomogeneities the same (in the case of alloys: P-ntmixtures, segregations, precipitations of mixed crystals different composition ui, # ri3,) could be determined with great accuracy:

Claims (1)

PATENT-ANSPRUCH: -Verfahren zum Nachweis von Inhomogenitäten in den verschiedensten Objekten, vor allem in Mischungen und Legierungen, sowie zur quantitativen Bestimmung der Bestandteile mit Hilfe von Röntgenstrahlen, dadurch' gekennzeichnet, daß die Untersuchungsobjekte als Strahlenfilter vor einem Elektroskop verwendet werden, aus dessen Abfallszeiten Maximal- und Minimalgehalte an einem besonders stark absorbierenden Bestandteil, sowie die gesamten quantitativen Zusammensetzungen der Mischungen oder Legierungen berechnet und außerdem durch Messungen an verschiedenen Stellen Inhomogenitäten und FehIstellen festgestellt werden können.PATENT CLAIM: Method for the detection of inhomogeneities in the various objects, especially in mixtures and alloys, as well as quantitative Determination of the constituents with the aid of X-rays, characterized in that that the examination objects are used as a radiation filter in front of an electroscope become, from the waste times of which maximum and minimum contents of one special highly absorbent ingredient, as well as the total quantitative compositions of the mixtures or alloys calculated and also by measurements on various Inhomogeneities and imperfections can be identified.
DE1919338300D 1919-10-07 1919-10-07 Process for the detection of inhomogeneities in the most diverse objects, especially in mixtures and alloys, as well as for the quantitative determination of the constituents with the help of X-rays Expired DE338300C (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE338300T 1919-10-07

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
DE338300C true DE338300C (en) 1921-06-15

Family

ID=6222404

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
DE1919338300D Expired DE338300C (en) 1919-10-07 1919-10-07 Process for the detection of inhomogeneities in the most diverse objects, especially in mixtures and alloys, as well as for the quantitative determination of the constituents with the help of X-rays

Country Status (1)

Country Link
DE (1) DE338300C (en)

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