DE3345211C2 - - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to the Germaniumhaltigen specified in claim 1 Beer, wine, baking and nutritional yeast, according to the Claims 2 and 3 a method for their preparation and according to claim 4 pharmaceutical and dietetic products.

Yeast is used in food and pharmaceutical products used to a considerable extent.

Depending on whether sexual reproduction is known or not, a distinction is made between ascosporogenic yeast and asporogenic yeasts. The first group includes brewery, distillery, baking, Wine and milk sugar yeast of the Saccharomyces species and the Fat formers of the Endomyces species. The second group is ordered the nutrient yeasts (Torulopsis and Candida species) and as fat formers the Rhodotorula species too.

In the brewery only cultural forms of the Brewer's yeast and Saccharomyces species used, and top-fermented and bottom-fermented yeasts. The top-fermenting yeasts, z. B. Saccharomyces cerevisiae, divorced during fermentation on the surface of the beer. Bottom-fermented yeasts of the species Saccharomyces carlsbergensis Hansen sit down in the fermentation process to the ground.

The wine fermentation takes place spontaneously through various, at the Berry surface yeasts of noble or wild species, but it can also after previous pasteurization of the must be controlled by pure cultures as planned. Wild forms in particular Saccharomyces apiculates and exigus. pure yeast come from the species Saccharomyces cerevisiae, var. ellipsoideus or pastorian.

Baker's yeast today is primarily made from pure-bred strains Obergäriger distillery yeasts of the genus Saccharomyces  cerevisiae bred. These can only ferment hexoses and assimilate.  

The protein-rich nutrient yeast is used as animal feed, medicated preparations and foodstuffs.

Depending on the culture conditions and the physiological Estate are yeast substantial content ingredients Subject to fluctuations. After J. Schormüller, textbook Food Chemistry, Springer Verlag, contain culture yeasts (Saccharomyces species) in dry matter 9-13% by weight Total carbohydrates, 42-60% crude protein and 2,3-7,8% (brewer's yeast) or 2.0-23.4% (baker's yeast) total lipids.

It was now found completely surprising that yeasts of above-mentioned species containing germanium in particular valuable and beneficial, pharmaceutical and physiological Show properties when applied to humans and animals become.

According to the invention are now yeasts with a germanium content from 50 ppm to the mg / g range.

These germanium-containing yeasts according to the invention can produced by various methods. Beer, baking, Nutriments or wine yeasts are grown in a nutrient solution. This nutrient solution contains a germanium compound which is physiological is harmless, for example, a germanium citrate or lactate, but it may also contain other organic germanium compounds or compounds of inorganic nature.  After the growth phase, the yeast is centrifuged off, washed and squeezed. If a dry yeast is desired, the germanium-containing yeast is dehydrated with acetone and then dried. Direct drying without acetone elevated temperature or in a vacuum or by lyophilization is also possible. Finally, a yeast is obtained with a germanium content of about 50 ppm down to the mg / g range. The natural germanium concentration in the yeast is but only a few ppm / g.

Another method is to use bakery, wine, nutrient or to give brewer's yeast first in a germanium-free nutrient solution and grow and then add a germanium compound and later as described above.  

It is known to have essential trace elements in yeast too incorporate. In the US, selenium and chromium are incorporated in yeast. It is claimed to be biologically active selenium and chromium complexes obtained by a special yeast breeding (see also "Effects of high-chromium yeast-extract supplementation on serum lipids, serum insulin and glucose tolerance in older women ". V.J.K. Liu et al., Federation Proceedings, 36 1123, 1977).

The chromium complex is said to be 50 times more active as inorganic chromium. Likewise, the selenium complex should not toxic. Selenium and chromium are known to be trace elements, which are vital (for selenium see eg Raymond F. Burk, Biological Activity of Selenium, Annual Review of Nutrition, vol. 3, 1983).  

Chromium serves as an essential trace element and is z. B. contained in the glucose tolerance factor (GTF).

The germanium-containing yeast can either be used as a powder, Tablets, capsules, in suspension alone or mixed with Vitamins, other nutrients and pharmaceutical agents be taken.

A typical analysis of germanium-containing brewer's yeast is summarized in Table 1.

Protein | 50% carbohydrates 10% fat 5% ash 7% heavy metals 10 ppm (germanium)

The content of essential amino acids in germaniumhaltiger Yeast is similar to that of normal yeast, as well from Table 2.  

Table 2

Nevertheless, the vitamin and mineral content of germanium-containing Yeast comparable to normal yeast (see Table 3).

minerals sodium 5 mg / g calcium 5 potassium 20 magnesium 4

vitamins thiamine 100 microgr / g niacin 400 biotin 5 riboflavin 20 pyridoxine 10

Toxicological studies in mice and rats have shown that the germaniumhaltige yeast no toxic Effects. The LD-50 orally in rats and mice is not detectable. The product mixed with feed proves to be well tolerated in the animals. In many Cases could be observed a better physical growth.

In addition, the germaniumhaltige yeast is a natural Germanium carrier and biologically active. She prevents z. As the tumor formation in the animal organs, as in set forth in the following examples. pharmacological Studies have shown that the germanium-containing yeast as well a positive influence on the central nervous system as well to exercise on other organs.

Germanium is an extremely rare element. It comes only in three minerals so concentrated that its content can be given as a formula: Argirondite - where it first was discovered - as well as Germanit and Benierit. Another 16 minerals contain more than 0.1% germanium and 700 contained more than 0.001% (1 ppm) germanium. In the coal you can find between 5-10 ppm. In the healing and mineral water was also Germanium up to 10 ppm found. Becoming general - loud Gmelin Handbook of inorganic chemistry - as far less considered toxic as z. B. the corresponding compounds of lead or tin.  

For the first time in 1922, F. S. Hemmett and J. H. Mueller reported on the specific effect in the form of an increase of Erythrocytes and an increase in hemoglobin at application of germanium dioxide (see Hager's Handbook of Pharmaceuticals Practice). Only recently has it been proved that water-soluble Germanium compounds are pharmaceutically active (DE-OS 32nd 12 817).

H. A. Schroeder and J.J. Balessa (abnormal trace metals in man: germanium, J. chron. Dis. 20, 211, 1967) examined this Occurrence of germanium in food and biological tissues. Traces (below 1 ppm) of germanium were found in all animal Organs and food found, but only a few Products contain more than 2 ppm germanium, namely: 2.02, Tuna 2.28, beans 4.67 ppm

Examples Example 1

Composition:
1 g baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) was grown in a glass vat with nutrient solution.
One liter of nutrient solution contained:
Malt extract 15.0 g,
Universal peptone 0.75 g,
Glucose 12,75,
Dextrin 2.75,
Glycerol 2.35 g,
di-potassium hydrogen phosphate 1.0 mg,
Ammonium chloride 1.0 g,
Germanium citrate 0.4 g (about 60 g germanium).

After 5 days, the yeast was passed through by the nutrient solution Centrifuged separated, 3 times with 0.1 molar citrate buffer pH 5.5 and finally washed with water. The baker's yeast was freeze-dried. 100 g of germanium-containing baker's yeast were obtained with a germanium content of 550 micrograms / gram.

To determine the acute toxicity were male Sprague-Dawley rats used between 200 and 250 g body weight. The germanium-containing baker's yeast was in 20% aqueous Suspension administered to the animals once a day by oral gavage. The behavior of the animals was observed for 14 days. None physiological damage could be detected up to 1.0 g / kg become. The LD-50 oral is higher than the maximum administrable Dose of 1.0 g of germanium-containing yeast / kg.

example 2

1 g of nutrient yeast (Torulopsis utilis) was grown in 1 L of nutrient solution as described above and worked up after 4 days. 1 liter of nutrient solution contained:
3 g of yeast extract,
3 g malt extract,
5 g peptone,
20 g of glucose and a germanium compound as in Example 1.
This gave 15 g of germanium-containing nutrient yeast with a germanium content of 450 micrograms / gram.

example 3

Approximately 1 kg bottom fermented brewer's yeast (Saccharomyces carlsbergensis Hansen) together with 10 liters Beer wort was sourced from a brewery. 20 g germanium citrate (about 3 g germanium) added and the nutrient solution even more 2 Days rested. The brewer's yeast was centrifuged off, 3 times with bidest. Washed water. The brewer's yeast was then taken up in acetone, Stirred for 15 minutes and then centrifuged. The residue was added 2 more times in Acetone taken up, stirred and filtered off. The brewer's yeast was then at 50 degrees in the air dried. 1.1 kg of germanium-containing were obtained Brewer's yeast with a germanium content of 700 micrograms / Grams.

To investigate influence on prevention of experimental Tumor formation of germanium-containing brewer's yeast NMRI mice were used. Methylcholanthrene in NMRI mice ip administered once (0.5 mg per animal) is known to be one strong cancerogenic agent for tumor research. The animals were divided into 4 groups:

1st group:
In this untreated control group, which received no methylcholanthrene and no germanium-containing yeast in the feed, no tumor could be observed after 60 days.
2nd group:
This control group was also given no methylcholanthrene, but feed with germaniumhaltiger yeast. After 60 days the behavior of the animals was similar to that in group 1.

Macroscopic and microscopic examination of the organs also showed no changes. It follows that germanium-containing yeast also in continuous administration to the animals is digestible.

3rd group:
In this experimental group administered methylcholanthrene, which received normal diets lacking germanium-containing yeast, tumors were detected in 50% of the animals.
4th group:
In this experimental group, which received feed with methylcholanthrene and 5% germanium-containing yeast, tumors were found in only 30% of the animals. The mortality rate was significantly lower in this group than in the group 3 animals.

example 4

1 g of wine yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, var. ellipsoideus) was grown as in Example 1 and processed. 100 g of germanium-containing were obtained Wine yeast with a germanium content of 1050 micrograms / gram.

example 5

1 kg of germanium-containing brewer's yeast according to Example 3 was 5 mill. i. E. Vitamin A and 0.5 mill. i. E. Vitamin E, and 1000 g Tablettierhilfsstoff mixed or tableted. One received a vitaminized germanium-containing beer yeast tablet the following composition:

1 tablet contains: Brewer's yeast, germaniumhaltig 200 mg Vitamin A 1000 i. E. Vitamin E 100 i. E.

These tablets cause a calming effect in animals, which was determined by experiments.

Claims (4)

1. germanium-containing beer, wine, baking and nutrient yeasts, characterized in that the yeast has a germanium content of 50 ppm to the mg / g range. 2. Process for the preparation of germanium-containing yeasts according to claim 1, characterized in that the beer, Wine, baking and nutrient yeasts in a germanium-containing Culture medium are grown. 3. Process for the preparation of germanium-containing yeasts according to claim 1, characterized in that the beer, Wine, baking and nutrient yeasts in a germanium-containing Nutrient medium are suspended. 4. Pharmaceutical and dietary preparations containing of Germaniumhaltiger beer, wine, baking and nutrient yeast according to claim 1.