DE3344033A1 - Process for the recovery of water from air moisture by a compressor with connected cooling apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

A process and an apparatus are disclosed for the recovery of water by a reduction of the dew point by compression and cooling, the condensed water being conducted away, and the work of the expanding air essentially contributing with its power to the compression of the fresh air.

Description

Process for obtaining water from the air humidity

a compressor with a cooling device connected to it during compression The water separation that takes place from air and cooling of the same is in compression mode known and viewed more as a disruptive effect, but not for water extraction used because of the high effort and the high compression energy for larger amounts of air.

The arrangement according to the invention, however, allows with minimal residual energy water extraction in the areas where the expected costs are borne can with regard to the local value of the water, which is in a form other than air humidity does not occur there or rarely or not sufficiently.

The water is drilled from a well in such areas, from rare Rain stored or transported, all processes that are relatively expensive, and often produce little or not enough water or leave room for it higher demand, as other areas are still not irrigable, especially with sweet salt-free water.

The invention must therefore adjust to a device which permeates large amounts of air and requires little energy.

To solve this problem, the invention proposes that air to Reduction of the dew point is compressed and cooled, which is condensed Removes water, and that the air freed from liquid water with the release of useful work to compress the fresh air is expanded.

This means that the energy required for compression is largely derived from the Expansion work covered.

Alternatively, the air is cooled in a heat pump system carried out, whose work equipment still dissipates the heat from various processes is, the expanding air supplies for further implementation in work, so that the Expansion work yourself isothermal and therefore optimal guidance approximates.

The compressed air gives its compression heat to the expanding, cooling air and thereby also enables a largely isothermal and thus optimal expansion work.

The resulting bearing friction and water condensation heat heats the expanding air to generate work, as already mentioned by transmission by means of a heat pump system or, as described above, by means of a heat pipe.

A cooling liquid dissipates and evaporates the heat cools the air down to the boiling point of the cooling liquid, whereby the evaporated cooling liquid reaches the lower or middle expansion zone and condenses there because of the expansion cold, while in the upper or last expansion part the main heat of compression is the expanded air above ambient temperature to high Turbine work output heats up.

On the one hand, this enables the necessary air cooling at the point high pressure and, on the other hand, the heat generated there from several processes to be transported to wherever heat is needed for isothermal expansion work, without using the valuable heat of high temperature levels, so that this for expansion work in the last stage of air transport at high temperature is implemented thermodynamically favorable.

The remaining work required for the compression is provided by solar or Wind energy provided, thereby creating the areas in question for the invention Solar and wind energy that occurs to a large extent can be exploited and becomes more expensive and often the lack of conventional energy is not needed.

For this invention can preferably be used a three-shell, standing expansion compressor (Figure 1 showing a section through a compression-expansion machine shows), in which between an outer truncated cone jacket (1), the downward koIli, ch and an inner truncated cone jacket (2) which tapers conically downwards, a hollow cylinder (3) rotatable in two bearings is attached. On this rotatable Hollow cylinders are outside (4) and inside (5) blades attached, their outer together with guide vanes (6) attached to the outer jacket in the moving Condition cause the compression of the sucked air and its inner blades (Rotor blades) together with guide vanes firmly attached to the conical inner tube (7) take up the work of expansion by expanding the previously compressed air and give drive to the pipe.

The compression heat in the outer part is partly released to the outside, what can be controlled by insulation, partly inwards for heat compensation the air cooled by expansion.

The lower part (Figure 2, heat transfer by heat pump or Heat pipe) fully compressed air must be deeper for better water separation be cooled, the heat of the bearing friction and the water condensation being dissipated can be.

This amount of heat is removed by alternative means, e.g. B. by the liquid in the evaporation part (8) of a heat pump (Fig. 2), the by a compressor (9) a condensation part (10) on the upper part of the expansion part is fed. The liquid is cooled by an expansion part (11) and fed back to the vaporization section (8). This will make the lower part, as desired, Heat withdrawn to generate cold and the upper expansion part of the expanding Air or expanded dry air supplied to absorb energy, the heat this air in turn as further work, i.e. adiabatic expansion work on the Can give blades.

Another way of dissipating heat is through a so-called heat pipe (Fig. 2), in the case of the lower evaporator (13) a liquid at the temperature above the boiling point of the liquid is distilled off and in the middle part of the expansion part condensed by the cold generated there by adiabatic expansion (14).

The partially expanded which is brought to the boiling point of the liquid in this way In the further course of the process, dry air can generate heat from the first compression stages absorb the compressed moist air and with suitable insulation to the outside and suitable arrangement of the compression stages based on the temperature level of the outside air be heated up.

The following list gives the theoretical workload and the theoretical work load with isothermal flow of 100,000 m3 / h air again.

Pressure compression expansion stage work work (bar) (kWh) (kWh) 2 2 189 2 008 ; 1,280 t 175 to 175 5 5 081 4 662 908 833 705 646 5 b J Friction work (approx. 1% per bearing) 100 Labor 5 181 Labor gain 4 662 Difference 519 When using the heat extracted from the cooling unit (kWh): 1. Frictional heat: 100 2. Cooling of the air from 30 to 50C: 870 3. Water condensation 0, 7 t: 439 1 409 x 0.35 (efficiency) = 493 labor 5 181 labor gain 5 155 difference 26 kWh The total energy consideration thus results in isothermal management with an ideal working sum of 0 and adiabatic expansion work with an efficiency> 0 according to Carnot's cycle (see the following explanations for Figure 3).

FIG. 3 shows a cycle with an efficiency> 0, since # = 1 zuT3> 0 because T3> T1, because T3 represents a compression in the isothermal T1 lower temperature than T1 in the expansion.

Because the temperature, through the alternative devices described above increased, has a higher level than the outside temperature.

With the help of a cycle process, the polytropic changes in state are determined traced back to the borderline cases: isothermal and adiabatic changes of state in the PV and TS diagrams.

Step 1: Isothermal expansion: given work = heat to be supplied V2 W = Q = m RT1 In -V1 2: adiabatic expansion: temperature decrease 3: Isothermal compression: absorbed work = heat to be dissipated W = Q '= m RT3 ln 4: Adiabatic compression: temperature increase: Thermal efficiency: # = w = 1- T3 Thermal efficiency: Q = wo N The work output, corresponding to the size of the area in the pV diagram, goes to 0 when the adiabatic processes are = 0 and only isothermally, ie with complete Heat transfer and without heat loss, where T1 = T3.

If T3 is still less than T1, work is still being gained.

Since heat is transferred to a colder system, it can turn into work performance implemented.

The conical arrangement of the innermost cone, initially through the necessary The shape of the truncated cone jacket (2) (Fig. 1) is given due to the air volume expansion, proves to be ideal for static stability and for internal heat transport processes. The warming up of the dry air is still necessary for quick removal the area of the fresh air supply.

The overall structure ultimately results in an optimal shape for the passage the fresh air. In the case of wind turbine drives, it contributes to the drive and thus enables one Part of the energy of the turbo compressor - and soqar of the heat pump compressor - to raise.

Since a vertical wind turbine is possible with this standing arrangement, Wind in any direction and any higher speed can be exploited.

The wind goes at least partly behind the wind vanes in the compression part over and therefore avoids the well-known back pressure of a wind turbine, which the efficiency impaired.

The compressed air in the outer shell transfers its warmth to the expanding air in the inner shell, but if necessary also - through insulation controlled - to the ambient air; this when expansion cold otherwise is needed for cooling.

In the standing arrangement, a kind of self-control can be used for wind turbine propulsion take place: at higher wind speeds becomes higher air flow take place at higher revolutions, which can then higher compression heat (through appropriate insulation controlled) can also be better discharged to the outside.

Another type of control of the heat transfer is constructive.

In the compression part, i.e. between the outer truncated cone jacket (1) (Fig. 1) and hollow cylinder (3), the compression heat can be dissipated to the passing Outside air, to the air expanding in the inner expansion part or with the appropriate - deeper arrangement of the inner cone in the upper part of the already fully expanded Air.

In the case of using the heat pump to transfer the heat, the following applies the arrangement as favorable, in which the heat of the condensation part of z. B. 100 ° C heats the upper expanding part. Hence the internal and external closes here The truncated cone jacket from the same height and the hollow cylinder leads beyond this level to accommodate the drive elements.

In the case of the heat pipe, there is condensation of the evaporated cooling liquid made possible in the lower to middle part by expansion cold of the expansion turbine, for which the hollow cylinder may have to be insulated here to avoid this expansion cold to compensate for by the compression heat of the outer compressor part.

In return, the passing outside air cools here, if necessary with support of cooling fins, the compressed air. In addition, at the level of the part in the expansion cold is generated, on the outer side to further compression be waived. The expanding, still relatively cool after condensation of the liquid Air in the inner part should now receive the full compression heat transferred. For this purpose, the arrangement of a higher level of the compressor part is to be provided, see above that the high amount of heat of the first compression stages fully of the already expanded Dry air benefits and there an additional adiabatic work performance made possible.

A control device can switch between the vane grille Compression and expansion be such that this grid in the blade arrangement and adjustable in the air passage is so that the compression can always be kept at a desired final pressure. In addition, the Blade arrangement always such that they act as moving blades and for propulsion contribute.

The standing arrangement has the advantage that the condensed water can be easily withdrawn, and there is a liquid cooling for the supporting bearing elements which in turn enables the use of heat-sensitive plastics in the Storage permitted.

The way described is both for a system with conventional Propulsion - electric or fossil fuel direct powered engines - a permanent water production possible from rel. Humidity from 20% to approx. 350C or if this energy is waived by wind energy under the above conditions at wind speeds down to 5 to 6 m / sec an incomplete, at 8 m / sec a large amount of water can be withdrawn without the use of a control device, as the wind force regulates the compression, air intake and external cooling itself, if necessary, the bearing friction is reduced by appropriately designed wind turbines, which receive a slight boost.

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Claims (15)

Claims 1 method for obtaining water from the air humidity characterized in that air is compressed to reduce its dew point and is cooled, discharging the condensed water, and that of liquid Water frees air while releasing useful work to compress fresh air is expanded. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the cooling the air is carried out in a heat pump system, the working fluid of which the Adds heat to the expanding air for further conversion into work. 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the air its heat of compression to the expanding, during the expansion to cool down tending air gives off and thus largely an isothermal and therefore optimal expansion work enables. 4. The method according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that that the resulting bearing friction and water condensation heat the expanding Air heats up to generate work. 5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that a cooling liquid the heat dissipates through evaporation and thus the air up to the boiling point of the Cooling liquid cools down, whereby the evaporated cooling liquid to the lower or the middle expansion zone and condenses there due to the expansion cold, while in the upper expansion part the main compression heat is the expanded air heats up above ambient temperature to high turbine performance. 6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in, that the remaining work required for the compression by solar or wind energy is provided. 7. Device for performing the method according to one of the claims 1. to 6., characterized in that (see Fig. 1) a standing, rotatable hollow cylinder (1) is provided, which is initially provided on the outside with rotor blades (3), which in Interaction with an outer, downwardly conically tapered, stationary truncated cone jacket (4) and guide vanes (5) attached to it on the inside, making this system Figure 3 illustrates an axial turbo compressor; that this compressor is driven mainly is made by means of rotor blades appropriately attached to the inside of the hollow cylinder (1) (6), which in cooperation with guide vanes (7), which are conical on the inner one upwardly tapered stationary truncated cone jacket (8) are attached to a turbine form in which the compressed air because of the arrangement of the inner truncated cone jacket must expand as a nozzle, with a water outlet at the lower part of the device and a cooling device are arranged. 8. Apparatus according to claim 7, characterized in that the cooling device is designed as a heat pump (Fig. 2), the evaporator (1) of which the lower part of the Surrounds the device and its condenser (2) at the optimum height above the evaporator is connected to the inner truncated cone jacket. 9. Apparatus according to claim 7, characterized in that the cooling device (Figure 2) is designed as a heat pipe (3), the lower part (3a) of which the evaporation and thus represents the cooling zone and its upper part (3 b) which is caused by adiabatic expansion represents possible condensation zone. 10. Device according to claims 7 to 9, characterized in that that the hollow cylinder (1) is mounted in the lower part of the device. 11. The device according to claim 7, characterized in that the Cooling device is a cooling bath. 12 devices according to claims 7 to i1., Characterized in that that the hollow cylinder (1) upwards over the edge of the outer truncated cone jacket (4) is led out and / or the inner truncated cone jacket (8) is deeper than the outer (4) lies. 13 devices according to claims 7 to 12, characterized in that that the hollow cylinder (1) is connected to a vertical wind turbine, the opposite conventional wind turbines yields better wind energy utilization by providing a Part of the wind required to propel it without causing a backwater, in deflects the compression part. 14 devices according to claims 7 to 13, characterized in that that the lower part of the hollow cylinder (1) is a preferably adjustable throttle forms for the passage of the air from the compressor into the turbine. 15 Apparatus according to claim 14, characterized in that the lower part of the hollow cylinder (1) as preferably adjustable, contributing to the drive Shovel grille is formed.