DE3338436A1 - Short-time NMR tomograph system - Google Patents

Abstract

A novel NMR diagnostic tomographic system for human in vivo diagnosis with two-rail evaluation and low radiation risk employs 20-30 kW X-ray radiation with a 10 to 300 megahertz VHF signal superimposed. The carrier and superimposed signal are emitted as a soft X-ray beam pulsed at about 50 hertz by a small incandescent-cathode X-ray tube, which beam can be directed at the protein of the subject. The analysis opens up the possibility that, because of the special nature of the system, not only the proton spin of the hydrogen atoms, but the spins of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus etc. can be used in deciphering the chemical shifts whose pathological effects are being sought. The high sensitivity and, consequently, the short-time photogrammetry are due to the fact that the X-ray carrier, on the one hand, intensifies the VHF excitation by a factor of up to 10<8> and [lacuna] finds, on the other hand, in the two-rail type of evaluation of the X-ray carrier radiation evaluation also by the Mössbauer absorption principle. Taken together, the VHF effect and the Mössbauer effect with X-ray quanta instead of gamma quanta open up the possibility of extended decipherment information, an expanded spin spectrum using C, N and P, and shorter exposure time with reduced radiation risk. In some cases, the two-rail system also renders the stationary magnetic field unnecessary.

Description

Short term NMR tomography system.

The invention described and illustrated below relates to a Short term NMR tomography system.

It is intended for all possible common uses in physics, chemistry, biology and medicine as a deep layer imaging or deciphering device based on the magnetic resonance principle The short exposure time is particularly aimed at use with humanin Vivo diagnoses on film or screen, e.g. in the NMR tunnel.

For those currently marketed in the human in vivo application sector NMR tomographs, the question is still controversial whether with the usual exposure times of 2 minutes for individual organs and up to:; 30 minutes for total tunnel recordings the risks of the FM dose in the product with the stationary magnetic field of up to 70,000 Gauss do not prove to be greater than those who have since become known X-ray-free NMR methods frowned upon short-term X-ray computed tomography Product of the VHF radiation energy for spin axis tilting in the magnetohen stationary cross-field is so great that this fact increases as unmistakable.

In the following, however, it is not only about the question of the short exposure time. Rather, the problem is also in the foreground; besides the spin of the protons, the At the moment there are in the foreground, including those of carbon atoms, nitrogen atoms and phosphor atoms and other spin-afflicted in the statement of the deciphering units to include roughly equivalent, even if hydrogen and its protons are on human protein with 90 involved.

The atoms C, N, P and others in protein have a significant impact on the chemical shifts identified with an appropriate deciphering code in the Often it was very difficult to get to the information area because of the lower resonance signals. Therefore, a completely new type or combination of evaluation was subsequently introduced from ResDnani or. Absorption signals selected as previously used in NMR diagnosis was. On the one hand, there is a new type of signal amplification and a new type of double-track system Evaluation included and in this regard exists with the new NMR short-term tomography system according to the figures of the drawing the invention therein that a s to the Enhancement of the VHF interaction with the spin axes in an electron X-ray tube low voltage, the high voltage UBA energy is superimposed on the X-rays and X-ray carrier including VHF modulation directed in a straight line to interact with the Proteins are emitted, so with X-ray amplified VHF interaction too the resonance signals can be amplified and evaluated conventionally, but that also the X-ray inertia in the interaction with the atoms. the protein structure also the application of the Mössbauer effect as a second component of the evaluation process Recoil-free gamma quantum absorption, which is replaced here by X-ray quantum absorption be% is combined, with the spin axis relaxation signal as the second resonance signal of the evaluation and thus not only reinforces the result, but also the range of information broadened the analysis and, in view of the twofold reinforcement therein, also the Resonance signals from C, N, P and other resonance-weak types roughly equivalent be included.

In the figures of the drawing, this is two-pronged and reinforcing Method and its layer structure interpreted schematically.

Fig. 1. shows the equivalent circuit and interpretation scheme of the system, with electron X-ray tube, VHF high voltage generator, X-ray emission, stationary magnetic field, test person, Photocathode and screen unit together with a photographic device, as well as that with Cable to the computer analysis device connected to the image decomposition unit for deciphering pathological code structures in the medical statement of symptoms conveying Screen, photo film image and colors.

Fig. 2. shows on time abscissa t the characteristics of the rectified direction of the high-voltage VHF current J and the generated power U.J are chopped up in pulses X-ray emission, where the UKlA chopper frequency acts as an interaction generator and as an absorption signal generator the x-ray effect is included in the two-track evaluation and the straight line directable emission of VHF and X-ray is dominant In detail the types and modes of operation are as follows: Fig.1.

The X-ray tube piston (1) for 20 to 30 KV or a little more or less has a high vacuum inside (2) and a hot cathode (3), a Wehnelt cathode (4) and a suitably shaped anode (5) shown here schematically. At the emission port (1a) the flask has a suitable emission window. The tube only receives its from (3) via (4) to (-5) a flow of electrons J from a VHF generator (G) with index (10) and the hot cathode is heated by a control resistor (7) the secondary of the mains transformer (8) on the 380 volt network (16) of e.g. 50 or more or less hertz. The generator (10) has a frequency of 10 to 300 megahertz and delivers Direct current oscillating at this frequency or pure VHF high-voltage alternating current into the tube anode circle. Because the X-ray tube only receives electricity from the cathode It acts as a chopping rectifier and delivers in the anode circuit intermittent half-wave currents in the direction of the arrow J. That has one at the anode Consequence of turnover in X-ray emission R, which emits pulsed, i.e. in the VHF frequency 10 to 300 MHz of the anode current is chopped up. The periphery of the VHF generator For example, one can be switched to loading with a switch (12) or to unloading with a holder (11) Capacitor group (14) as a direct current energy store, this direct current Processed in the generator for direct current oscillating with VHF frequency from 20 to 30 KV will. The capacitor can also be omitted and the generator can use pure VHF alternating current from 10 to 300 MHz deliver at 20 to 30 KV.

In the former case, the tube (1) does not need to rectify.

In the end, she has to rectify, which is not a problem.

If necessary, with (13) a high-voltage rectifier, with (15) an anode current regulator, with (9) the high-voltage transformer for 20 to 30 KV and with (8) the heating current transformer for 25 to 80 volts is drawn on the secondary. is in its longitudinal direction on slide (17) between the window of Emission nozzle (la) and the immission window of the amplifier converter and screen or. Film device (19g25w24; fa bar to be tested zone by zone with NMR. The entrance door for electronic image conversion and amplification (19) b det the scintillation or fluorescent or luminescent screen (20). Its image structure affects the following Photocathode (21) image-generating and its photo-emission image is ningbündel by sun (26) broken down into points, lines, and, in the usual manner of the X-ray intensifiers and -WandlerXam screen (23) electronically enlarged and amplified drawn after (21) and (19) via the cable (25) the image-generating and ar specifically the test person's geometry assigned data of the river and depth for tomogramming in the EDP logic (22) has prepared and processed. The screen image on (23) is e.g. with frequency 25 Hertz triggerbarçodass thus on film of the photography unit (24) with frame rate 25 Hertz running film images can be saved. With the reservation "Eventuel.

Characteristics of the conventionally rejected NMR human tomography system is here still symbolized with the arrow tails F as perpendicular to the plane of the paper and a steady-state magnetic field arising from a 10,000 to 70,000 Gaussian electromagnet indicated. The arrowtails are drawn as Krze / and occupy only that Zone which is approximately the area of the coupling-out window of (1a) or the coupling-in window of (19) equals. As is well known, this stationary field requires great expense and it would not only be a radiological relief but also a great cost relief if, as discussed below, it could be omitted; albeit one of the main pillars nuclear magnetic resonance invented by Bloch and 2oroell around 1945 F is m: a special winding can be modulated to set the so-called Larmor frequency and Larmor precession of the spin axes.

The analytical processes in the devices were dispensed with here (19,22) to be specified because yie are known insofar as they are the chemical Shifts and, in the far, the proportion of nuclear spin and electron spin in disease or health symptoms. That is summarized here to the effect that in (19,22) all those EDP operations take place, including differing ones Color effects on Screen (23). or the results on the film (24) the chemical shifts of atomic or molecular protein structures and the able to legibly decipher related metabolic processes.

At (10) is next to the generator symbol G with the variator arrow of the alternating current symbol indicated that the FM frequency is adjustable. Also on the high voltage transformer (9) of the network (16), which also has a 20 KV high-voltage network without TransformatXor application of e.g. 50 Hertz the selectable voltage is on with the variator arrow (23,14,10) symbolizes.

The peculiarity that the X-ray tube (1) here has one in VHF cycle 10 Up to 300 megahertz pulsating X-ray stream R emit tiers'rist a total innovation and also important insofar as this is the straight-line coupling marked with arrows as well as the 20-30 KV X-ray carrier with about 10 Hertz Planck frequency and at the same time straight-line with arrows coincident coupling with targetable design the VHF overlay of around 10,106 to 100,106 Hertz Planck frequency, for the first time feasible and targeted for interaction with the human protein.

This coupling is particularly interesting and innovative of VHF1 as superimposition energy on the X-ray carrier as according to Planck frequency By a factor of 109 to 5,109 more energy-rich means of transport, not just the destination but also the effect, which increases by a factor of up to 5,109. Nevertheless, the 20 to 30 KV X-rays Sin that is very soft and low-risk, but penetrating and energetic they with the variable voltage on the one hand in the tomographic sense to certain depths adjustable1) is used to generate slice images and, on the other hand, the X-ray beam with the VHF under the belt, the protein structures of the human test person (18) penetrates and loads the fluorescent screen (20) of the amplifier unit with information effects (19) meets what would not be expected from pure conventional NMR UhW - and also It is important that both the X-ray beam and the VHF overlay the electromagnetic wave and that it is undisputed that the VHF part interacts with the protein is at least partially unloaded, i.e. demodulated, while the X-ray beam is with part of the VHF continues on the luminescent screen (20) of the discriminator units (19.22).

The most important thing is that this combination of the X-ray carrier with the VHF overlay there is now two-pronged deciphering and interpretation of those chemical shifts which reveal the pathological The effects of the human structure are enhanced, their spectrum is perfected in addition, the spin resonances of those atoms C, N, P and others are amplified in such a way that that the resonance signals are roughly equivalent to those of the protons and in this Regarding deciphering the currently enormously expensive noise level reduction planned for human NMR remains economically viable by means of low-temperature technology.

The dual track of the recording and evaluation of the resonance arises from that on the one hand by normal interaction, the VHF with the stationary field forced to precession, i.e. "tensioned" spin axes under reinforcement with the X-ray carriers for all atom types including C, N, P etc. adequate resonance signals are detectable. And on the other hand, there is a two-way principle that using of the Mössbauer effect is the gamma quantum absorption, which only affects crystalline lattice can be used, can be replaced by X-ray quanta in proteins, but not As with the Mössbauer effect, it is absorbed without recoil but absorbed and in the Relaxation time with the whole X-ray quantum energy under resonance reflected at Let relaxation expect an enormous resonance effect; an effect of the in the fine structure of so h.1017 large conversion energy E = h. = - (Plancknergie) is that But in this frequency range it corresponds to the Brownian motion of molecules much more energetic and high-frequency an energetic tremor to the Spin axes opened.

This condition can be attributed to the tension which brings spin axes with a smaller stroke, which leads to tilting from the VHF as counter-tension. But the tensioning with X-ray relaxation thanks to the 109 times higher frequency compared to it the VHF is almost stationary and, albeit with a smaller precession stroke, so it becomes much more energetic and the stationary field of a 70,000 Gaussian low-temperature electric magnet replaces what was already indicated at the beginning as the objective.

That the from absorption reflected in the Mössbauer effect and as Magnetic resonance effect on a second track acting particularly high-energy source of information sometimes a completely different statement register than the VHF 1 resonance provides lower Frequency from the high-energy X-ray axes with a short precession stroke of the spin moments does not need to be interpreted, provided this prognosis proves to be true can be confirmed in the experiment. In this respect, there is also the dual track of deciphering displacement in the direction of pathological effect statements with a screen or with a film Strong broadening and fine structuring of the range of statements to be expected above in addition, sometimes the very desirable omission of the strong, expensive, and wider view of harmful stationary magnetic field.

Fig. 2.

With + J are the anode current half-waves that are allowed to pass in the anode circuit, with -J below the t-abscissa the suppressed current half-waves, with J.U the anode current DmvoltageTd.h. Anode input power half-waves and with R the power half-waves of the pulsed X-ray emission shown. The latter have that shown in dashed lines on the ordinate of the foot zone length Ro Intermission, i.e.

Suppression, but the function of the pulsed and judged and does not interfere with X-ray bundles superimposed on VHF.

The suppression is due to the fact that the X-ray voltage supplying X-ray begins. These include effects, "added values" in the sense of the Strobel transformation, which is hardly usable here for NMR diagnosis because their Planck frequency is below 5.1016 Hertz.

- blank page -

Claims (7)

Patent to the tested short-term NER tomography system, in particular for use in human in vivo diagnostics, according to the figures in the drawing marked, d a s s to reinforce the VHF interaction with the precessing Atomic spin axes in an electron X-ray tube have a relatively small anode voltage X-rays emitting at the anode are superimposed on the VHF energy and frequency and the X-ray carrier with this modulation in a straight line to interact with the Proteins is emitted, so that with X-ray enhanced VHF interaction with the precessing spin axes amplify the resonance signals of X-ray energy and otherwise can be evaluated conventionally, but that also the x-ray carrier as a second evaluation component, the application of the Mössbauer effect with less recoil Gamma quantum absorption provides the additional spin axis relaxation signal for what purpose instead of gamma quanta the x-ray quanta are used, and that in this two-pronged way of evaluation the result of the evaluation not only amplified, broadcast the analysis broader or the range of statements is enriched, given the twofold reinforcement also the weak resonance and deciphering gene of the atoms carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and similarly weaker in deciphering chemical shifts than The grid of pathological effects can be heard more clearly. 2. Tomography system according to claim 1, according to Fig.1. and 2, the drawing characterized in that the 5 of the VHF generator (10) from a chargeable and unloadable high-voltage storage capacitor (14) the direct voltage energy of the above the time abscissa (t) supplies pulsating, undulating current curves + J, or this generator supplies a wavy real alternating current, pulsating above and below the abscissa, both in the anode circuit of the hot cathode x-ray tube (1), with claim 2. In the first case this tube does not need to rectify, it in the latter case but the alternating VHF current J rectifies, and that ideal from the wavy not intermittent direct current or the half-wave chopped and intermittent Direct current J of Fig. 2. wavy or alternatively disheveled intermittent X-ray pulses R emitted, with these pulses in a straight line transition to the target proteins both the X-ray quanta interact with the protein atoms, as well as whose superposition, namely the Uç wave, interacts with them, these two electromagnetic wave types, both the X-ray quanta as the superimposed VHF waves lose some of their energy in the interaction and the same as a duel of resonance signals of the atoms of the evaluation benefit koma and that furthermore the remainder of the X-ray quantum energy of the Planck frequency level about 10 7 Hertz and from VHF energy of the Planck frequency level about 10.1, 6 to 300.10 Hertz penetrates the proteins on the luminescent screen thanks to X-ray penetration (20) of the amplifier and image (19) land and report their loss there Provide basis electronic decipherment of pathological chemical shifts, whereby the energy of the x-ray carrier for the third time as penetration and rectilinear Transitional capacity benefits the system and its construction without this X-ray transport carrier at around 20 to 30 kV anode voltage and around 17 Hertz Cardiac frequency is a radiological risk, especially in that it is a Brings up to a hundredfold reduction in exposure time, so still a Overhang by a factor of 10, the reduction of the radiological risk compared to the current one NER diagnostic equipment remains. 3. Tomografensystez e2co AirJpfl'chefl1: to 2. characterized by d a s s, on the one hand, the one resulting from the higher planok frequency of the X-ray quanta higher energy of the X-ray carrier rays interacting with the protein components amplifies the spin axis tilt resonance signals, on the other hand the same X-ray quantum energy which is smaller than the gamma quantum energy of the Mössbauer effect, sufficient whether for Ganz or Partial absorption in the atomic quantum lattice of proteins with subsequent relaxation or resonance signal delivery to raise the signal sum and in addition to the claim 2. as the first component mentioned, the loss of effectiveness message upon arrival of the residual radiation energy on the screen (20) of the X-ray carrier with UicW overlay the resonance signals of the Mössbauer effect the effective gain of the second evaluation component together with the gain of the ECW interaction resonance signal. 4. Tomography system according to claims 1 to 3, characterized in that all resonance signals on the screen (20) arriving at the photo emission grid of the photocathode Excite (21) the electron emission pattern of (21) with scanning pendulum frets! (26) broken down into pixels, lines, etc., then processed and deciphered in the computer analyzer (22) and behind it can be read on the screen (23) with discriminating color effects, whereby the screen image can be triggered at a frequency of 25 Hertz and in the film device (24) Moving images with a frame rate of 25 Hertz for playback on the cinematograph display device can be saved. 5. Tomography system according to claims 1. to 4. and Fig.1. to 2 thereby characterized d a s s the generation of an atomic spin axis precession and a Coupling of the Larmor frequency or Larmor precession the strong conventional and stationary magnetic field (F) is used, which is directed perpendicular to the plane of the drawing and is symbolized with crosses, thanks to the bundled targetability of the X-rays this transverse magnetization field can be limited in a simple manner to the 2 D g / 4 can, where D = diameter of (19. is. 6. Tomography system according to claims 1 to 5 in contrast to claim 3. characterized in that the straight-line targetable electromagnetic Field emission addressable X-ray (R) of about 17 Hertz Pla scher frequency an equally high-frequency trembling motion in the spin axes of the atoms of the target induced, which resembles Brownian motion at a lower frequency, and which equates to an induced spin axis precession of the same high frequency, where in this extremely short-term precession process all atoms with spin, also the protein components phosfor, carbon, which are known with weak resonance capacity and nitrogen along with other similar ones are included, and these are also high Tremble frequency is almost comparable to a static precession and sometimes in interaction with that coupled into the same target from the same X-ray beam VHF that spin axis tilting resonance is achievable from VHF frequency their generation up to now the claim 5 reserved effect of the demanding stationary magnetic transverse field (F) was required, whereby this was just as expensive, the NMR diagnostic unit complicates and also in the product with the VHF coupling Radiation risks that cannot be underestimated according to a wide range of criteria Ståtibhärmagnetische Feld (F) from 10,000 to 70,000 Gauss would be superfluous In particular, the two-pronged decipherment are advantageous prerequisites supplies. 7. Tomography system according to claims 1 to 6, characterized in that d a s s the reference to all spin-affected atoms those described in claims 1 to 6 Advantages of small-stroke precession induction, X-ray resonance signal amplification1 and Two-pronged signal evaluations, the structure of the deciphering codes, the deciphered signals and identifiable types of chemical. Shifts strong broadened, refined and diversified according to color effects and legibility of other kinds will.