DE3323725A1 - DEVICE, ENERGY-SAVING MODULE CONFIGURATION, METHOD AND ARRANGEMENT FOR MEMBRANE TECHNOLOGY PURPOSES - Google Patents

Abstract

Process and device for the separation of substances of fluid or gaseous multisubstances media by means of membranes (21) in a pressure container (20) with pretreatment and conduction of the medium to be treated in a circulation circuit. The medium to be treated mixed with a concentrate is circulated by a separate pump (23) with minimum energy and a large volume flow after the membrane prefiltration (3) and after charging with the operating pressure without pressure reduction by throttle inside the high pressure area. Thereby the operating pressure generator (11) can be adjusted to a volume flow which is just equal to the sum of the permeate volume flow plus the concentrate volume flow and which contains no fraction of the circulation circuit.

Description

Setup, energy-saving module configuration,

Method and arrangement for membrane technology purposes The aim of this Development is a largely energy-saving facility with a new type of module configuration (Turbo module) with simplified membrane processes and compact arrangement for microfiltration, Ultrafiltration and hyperfiltration, i.e. reverse osmosis (reverse osmosis) to be implemented.

With the module configurations previously used according to the state of the art and membrane processes generally require a relatively high expenditure of energy.

It is known that one in all membrane technology processes must ensure the greatest possible surface parallel velocity value in order to ensure sufficient, to achieve blockage-free embranium filtration.

R. Rautenbach and R. Albrecht; Membrane process ultrafiltration and Reverse osmosis Otto Salle Verlag Frankfurt am Main (1981), 91-107 G. Belfort and F-.W. Altena; Toward an inductive understanding of membrane fouling.

Desalination, 47. Elsevier Science Publishers B.V., Amsterdam (1983) 105 - 127 In some cases, a high degree of purity is also required for the raw solution, more precisely for the feed water, prescribed, This provision is mainly a module protection measure.

In some systems this task is carried out through a special pretreatment (Flocculation, depth filtration) secured.

W Nielsen; membrane filtration with a plate-and-frame system for water Desalination with special emphasis on pretreatment.

Procedings of the 7th International Symposium on Fresh mater from the Sea Volume 2 Athens (1980) 279-290.

R. Bartz; Pretreatment of seawater for the reverse osmosis type desalination process. Desalination 47 Elsevier Science Publishers B.V., Amsterdam (1983) 189 - 190.

The membrane processes used today have the shortcoming that the fed-in medium is not through a step-by-step filtration (membrane filtration) - as required with other filtration methods - is prepared.

Another disadvantage is that the filtering medium with strong Volume flow and the necessary high filtration pressure is pumped over the modules, to maintain a sufficient membrane-parallel velocity component and thereby avoid the risk of blocking.

This problem entails that due to the required and over-engineered Booster pump - normally only used for the actual filtration (permeation) should be used and not also to avoid blocking - unnecessary high investment and operating costs (high energy demand) arise.

The object of this invention is to provide such module configurations and To propose facilities as well as methods with advantageous arrangement, the above exclude mentioned defects.

The solution to this problem is that a membrane technical Filtration process in a facility is built up in stages, the for the last filtration stage harmful particles from the upcoming filtration stages can be withheld. This mechanical separation process technology makes it possible increased safety and improves the quality of the medium being fed into the final stage (hyperfiltration - Pre-stages: ultra- and / or microfiltration).

Furthermore, according to the invention, an energy-saving measure is thereby achieved given that the feed medium used only for filtration purposes to the necessary Filtration pressure is increased (feed medium volume flow corresponds to the concentrate and permeate volume flow in material balance) and the blockage-preventing volume flow is secured with a separate unit (this volume flow is around 5 to ten times greater than the feed volume flow, but the necessary pressure to prevent blockage Volume flow is 10 to 100 times smaller than the pressure of the feed volume flow).

This unit contains a centrifugal circulation pump equipped with a magnetic coupling and can be either with a liquid turbine and / or an electric motor (advantageously low voltage) are driven. The liquid turbine is driven by the incoming feed medium operated. There is also the option of a turbine with concentrate and / or possibly to operate with additional auxiliary energy (e.g. water, air, gas).

The pressure drop of the turbine or liquid turbine amounts to inflowing feed medium about 0.2 MPa. With additional auxiliary power and / or from flowing concentrate, the pressure drop can occur because of the optimal use of energy up to 8 MPa can be achieved.

The volume flow of the turbine-operated substance depends on the performance of the circulation pump. The torque transmission between the turbine block and the centrifugal pump is normally secured with a magnetic coupling. It exists Also claim that the pump impeller suspension instead of a magnetic coupling fixed shaft connection. In that case, for the Sealing the medium uses a labyrinth sealing method, with the outflowing Concentrate quantity is identical to the so-called iabyrinth seal leakage.

This solution guarantees the following requirements: - Step-by-step preparation through mechanical separation process technology (adsorption effect, youling prevention) - elastic post-filtration of preparation, retention of microorganisms, especially bacteria, simultaneous pulsation and sound dampening the booster pump (filtration fineness corresponds to the micro and / or ultrafiltration range) - energy-saving blocking prevention (avoidance of the "scaling" effect) through turbo module system and with concentrate vacuum recycling - membrane filter as well The turbine and / or pump is arranged in a module.

According to the method according to the invention, it is possible to use a device and arrangement (Fig.1 and Fig. 4) for micro-, ultrafiltration and also hyperfiltration purposes put together. The device consists of three main parts: - pre-filtration, Pressure increase, post-filtration with pulsation damping - turbo module - measuring, control and control technology According to the arrangement of this device, the compact design characteristic. This applies to the entire configuration, including the turbo module system.

The prefiltration especially intended for hyperfiltration has the task of separating particles as small as 0.45 micrometers for membrane permeation harmful substances, such as B. free chlorine, ozone or oxygen, as well as partially radioactive substances, colloidal suspensions, organic residues and sometimes also Hold back bacteria.

This task is carried out with a filter (S 2), more precisely with an activated charcoal bed, -Wounding, or -Sinter-Rohrpreßling provided filter candle, the inside an additional Can contain microfiltration layer - advantageously made of membrane material - realized.

This filter has a connection on the side to be filtered a two-way ball valve with overflow valve (H 1), which is up to the maximum feed throughput is calibrated, as well as a connection on the filtered side for the additional Addition of material (H 2) and for continuous ventilation (X 2). The drain valve (V 2) ensures a discontinuous backwashing and secures against an unexpected pressure surge. A downstream manometer (TPI 3) indicates that the filter candle is clogged.

The pressure increase unit (P-M-R 4) is actually only used for the actual Separation process (permeate and outflowing concentrate) used. this makes possible a very economical electrical energy requirement.

A rotary or piston pump can also be used to increase the pressure can be used.

A check valve (R 5) acts against the partial return flow.

The post-filtration is done with a special filter (F 6) a flexible outer hose and inside with a porous and elastic filter hose (Filtration fineness up to 0.1 micrometer) is carried out.

This filter, which is mainly used in hyperfiltration will has two tasks; on the one hand to hold back the bacteria, and on the other hand one Pulsation and sound dampening.

To monitor a safe filtration process or to prevent blockages To avoid this, the filter is fitted with a manometer (PI 6) and a test tap (H 6) equipped.

The final filtration takes place in the turbo module according to the invention (F-TM 7). The task is set here, various membrane-technical processes extraordinary To meet energy-saving, such as microfiltration, ultrafiltration as well as in particular Hyperfiltration, more precisely reverse osmosis (lievers osmosis).

The compact design is also characteristic of this type of module.

The turbo module can be built with different variations: - Feed medium liquid turbine and / or electrical auxiliary energy with electric motor - Feed medium liquid turbine and / or concentrate liquid turbine - Feed medium liquid turbine and / or additive turbine The turbo module basically consists of a circulation unit, a membrane element, a Concentrate return and product (permeate) delivery and a pressure vessel (Fig. 2, Fig. 3); the circulation unit is divided into a connection for the prepared feed medium (1) with medium supply with clamping sleeve (2) and control unit of the turbine nozzle (3), Turbine wheel (4), feed medium outlet channel (5), concentrate return distribution (6), centrifugal pump impeller (7), concentrate outlet channel (8), magnetic coupling (9), concentrate transfer with clamping sleeve (10), concentrate connection (11), auxiliary or additional energy unit z. B. electric motor (12).

The membrane element (13) can be made of different membrane materials Can be used depending on the area of application.

The concentrate return includes a flow indicator (14, FI 7) and a permeate outlet (15).

The pressure vessel consists of the pressure vessel body (16) and one additional cover (17) to protect the sensitive parts of the turbo module from mechanical and niche To protect impacts.

According to the flow diagram (a. 1) and drawings (Fig. 2, Fig.3) the Medium flow explained as follows: The feed medium flows through the two-way ball valve with overflow valve (H 1) through the prefilter (2) into the pressure increase unit (P-M-R 4). With the help of the pressure booster pump (P 4) the necessary pressure difference is generated, the check valve (R 5) also ensures the smooth pressure increase. The medium flows at high pressure through the secondary filter (? 6), which also has a pulsation-dampening Has an effect. The disinfected medium enters the turbo module. That The prepared feed medium flows through the connection (1) through the medium supply (2) via the turbine nozzle (5). The feed medium exiting at high speed drives the turbine wheel (4), at the same time a possible additional power (electrical auxiliary power) secured with magnetic coupling (9). This is how it is coupled The impeller of the circulation pump (7) is driven.

The feed medium flows from the turbine duct into the membrane element space. At the same time, the concentrate is fed into the permeate pipe via the concentrate return (14) separately passed to the pump (7), the pump (7) having a circulation pressure difference builds up for the necessary volume flow, thus ensuring a non-blocking membrane filtration to secure. The concentrate flowing out of the pump (7) mixes with the feed medium. With the help of a concentrate tap through the concentrate transfer (io) the necessary concentrate / permeate ratio with throttling by means of a two-way ball valve (H lo) set.

The separated permeate is discharged via the permeate outlet (15).

The temperature and pressure of the concentrate are measured using the NTC thermistor technology monitored by a temperature and pressure monitor (TPE 9). Of the The concentrate volume flow is controlled by a flow meter (FI 11).

The permeate quality is measured by a conductivity value measuring cell (QE 12) constantly tested and the permeate volume flow with the help of a flow meter (FI 13) is displayed.

The above-mentioned monitoring signals are in a #control unit (S 14), this control unit is also responsible for the power supply the electric motors (M 4 and M 7). It is also possible to use a liquid crystal display (LED) the measured operating parameters, such as permeate conductivity, concentrate pressure and concentrate temperature.

The picture (Fig. 4) shows a flow diagram and arrangement as an example a membrane technology process using the turbo module (Fig. 5) with Energy utilization from the concentrate.

A pilot plant realized by a sense with a turbo module required in the reverse osmosis area for the separation of radioactive substances with an operating pressure of 30 bar, 40.ovo ppm Salt concentration in concentrate at 3000 permeate to concentrate ratio and above 99% retention capacity, an electrical energy requirement of 0.4 kWh.

This invention enables various membrane technology processes to be carried out in an energy-saving manner.

Other advantages are that the pre- and post-filtration because of of the minimum feed medium throughput is not overloaded, and the separate Possibility of setting the volume flow on the membrane surface using a low-pressure circulation pump and control unit that work under operating pressure, a safe and non-blocking Membrane filtration, more precisely permeation, enables.

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Claims (15)

Claims 1. Device, energy-saving module configuration, Method and arrangement for membrane technology purposes, characterized in that the device of three gradually deployed in the direction of the medium flow, filters with ever smaller filtration fineness, from the pressure booster unit, and consists of measurement, regulation and control technology, the first filter as The pre-filter is membrane-technologically coordinated, the one after the pressure increase unit built-in second filter serves as a post-filter, which retains bacteria The third has a pulsation- and sound-absorbing effect at the same time Filter - advantageously membrane filter - as a final filter through separate feed medium and concentrate volume flow circulation on the membrane surface, which with the help a magnetic coupling provided circulation pump is maintained, an energy-saving Module configuration is. 2. Device and method according to claim 1, characterized in that that the prefilter, advantageous for hyperfiltration or reverse osmosis, is more accurate Reverse osmosis, with an activated carbon insert and in the same filter housing with a membrane filter with a filtration sharpness of 0.45 micrometers. 3. Device and method according to claim 1, characterized in that that the post-filter, with a filtration fineness of up to 0.1 micrometers, has on the outside one flexible hose, which serves as a housing jacket, with an exchangeable inside elastic porous filter tube sleeve made of porous polypropylene, porous polyethylene, porous polyvinyl chloride or polytetrafluorethylene, advantageously also with inner lining of the membrane hose, is equipped. 4. Set up, energy-saving module configuration and arrangement according to Claim 1, characterized in that the final filter is a Durbomoduleinheit, whereby the feed-in medium as an energy carrier is a built-in in the module and to the Circulation pump impeller drives coupled liquid turbine. 5. Device and method according to claim 1, characterized in that that the pressure increasing unit consists of one or more rotary pumps connected in tandem exist, which are advantageous slide gate pumps or centrifugal pumps. 6. Device and method according to claim 1, characterized in that that the temperature and pressure value recording required for the control unit with a thermistor sensor built into the concentrate line is operated. 7. Energy efficient module configuration, procedure and arrangement for Membrane technology purposes, characterized in that the module version consists of a Circulation unit, a membrane element, a concentrate return and permeate discharge, and a pressure vessel. 8. Energy-saving module configuration and arrangement according to claim 7, characterized in that the concentrate recirculation and permeate delivery with a concentrate circulation flow indicator is provided. 9. Energy efficient module configuration, procedure and arrangement according to Claim 7, characterized in that the circulation unit consists of one in the module built-in centrifugal pump with magnetic coupling. io, energy efficient module configuration, procedure and arrangement according to Claim 7 and 9, characterized in that the centrifugal pump suspension Instead of a magnetic coupling, it has a fixed shaft connection and is used to seal the A labyrinth seal is used for the medium, with the amount of concentrate flowing out or part of the amount of concentrate flowing out with the so-called labyrinth seal leak is identical. 11. Energy efficient module configuration, procedure and arrangement according to Claim 7 and 9, characterized in that the circulation pump via the magnetic coupling is driven with electrical energy with the help of an electric motor. 12. Energy efficient module configuration, procedure and arrangement according to Claim 7 and 9, characterized in that the circulation pump via the magnetic coupling with energy recovery from the concentrate by a built-in liquid turbine can be operated. 13. Energy efficient module configuration, procedure and arrangement according to Claim 7 and 9, characterized in that the circulation pump via the magnetic coupling operated with an additional energy source from gas or liquid through a built-in turbine can be. 14. Energy efficient module configuration, procedure and arrangement according to Claim 7, 9, 11 and 12, characterized in that the circulation pump over a #oppel magnetic coupling with energy recovery from the concentrate through a built-in one Fluid turbine and with additional electrical energy with the help of an electric motor can be driven simultaneously or alternately. 15. Energy efficient module configuration, procedure and arrangement according to Claim 7, 9, 11, 12, 13 and 14, characterized in that the circulation pump impeller additionally equipped with a liquid turbine driven by the feed medium can be.