DE3321349A1 - Universal joint - Google Patents

Abstract

In the case of a universal joint for propeller shafts, the output element is designed as a closed annular element of fibre-reinforced plastic, opposite bores are arranged in the side webs of the annular element, and the trunnion cross is mounted with one pair of trunnions in the bores and the other pair of trunnions, protruding outwards through the annular openings, in the yoke-like end of the transmission tube. The universal joint is distinguished by low weight, high mechanical stability and great angular mobility. The annular element can be produced by the winding method. <IMAGE>

Description

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U0095.000 _r 5

Universal joint

The invention relates to a universal joint for cardan shafts, with one at the end of a transmission tube in fork arms pivotally mounted journal cross to which an output body is articulated. The invention also relates to a method for manufacturing such a universal joint.

In the case of universal joint shafts for greater loads, the transmission parts bearing the journal cross must be designed in this way be that the effective forces in the torque transmission on the fork-like transmission parts are safely absorbed without them bending apart or otherwise deforming. Such requirements in the case of universal joints made of steel are already due to the material properties of this material Fulfills.

In the course of weight savings in the automotive industry, one is strives to reduce the weight of the cardan shafts. In DE-OS 28 18 167 is a universal joint shaft

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have been proposed whose transmission tube is made of fiber-reinforced synthetic resin and by winding resin-soaked Fibers is made on a mandrel. The pipe end is finished; after completion of the transmission tube, bores for receiving the bearing bushes are formed in the finished ends. By the storage of the cross member in the reinforced pipe end can on the one hand reduce the material-related disadvantages of fiber-reinforced plastic compared to steel the end part of the tubular shaft that receives the journal cross however, on the other hand, must have such a large diameter that the aborting fork-like transmission part can move freely enough within the tube to ensure a sufficiently large angle of deflection. With such a solution, a pipe diameter is therefore required which is suitable for the torques to be transmitted is generally not required per se. In addition, the two journal cross bearing pairs can not be optimal design. Furthermore, the output forks with their connecting flanges are only made of metal and prevent them therefore a weight reduction. The solution mentioned in the introduction to DE-OS 28 18 167, Equipping a tubular shaft made of fiber-reinforced synthetic resin material with articulated forks made of steel is all you need problematic due to the steel / synthetic resin connection.

In contrast, the invention is based on the object of creating a universal joint for cardan shafts in which the aforementioned disadvantages are not only avoided, but also, in particular, with a low joint weight Transmission of larger torques allowed without impermissible ones Rotary and bending deformations on the transmission parts appear. The aim is to reduce weight

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of course no restriction of the angular mobility of the Result in the joint. In addition, a method for producing a universal joint is also to be created which meets these requirements.

According to the invention, this object is essentially achieved thereby solved that the output body as a closed ring body with several webs made of a fiber-reinforced Plastic is formed, with opposing bores being arranged in the side webs of the annular body and the cross member with one pin pair in the holes and with the other through the ring openings of the outwardly protruding pin pair is mounted in the fork-like pipe end. In contrast to the proposed solution According to DE-OS 28 18 167, according to the invention, the output body is also made of fiber-reinforced plastic manufactured; instead of the usual fork body, a closed ring body is formed. The ring body leaves The winding technology not only makes it easy and cheaper to produce than a fork body, but also it Compared to this, it also has greater stability with regard to deformations due to the transmission of higher torques. The shape of the ring body can be according to the respective spatial conditions and requirements to the angular mobility of the joint may be different: In one embodiment, the ring body has in essentially a square shape. Another possible ring shape is that of a semi-ellipse. The ones in the side bars of the ring body oppositely formed holes are used to accommodate the bearing bushes in which a pin pair of the cross, e.g. on needles, is mounted.

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According to the preferred embodiment of the invention, the fiber reinforcement consists of the front web at an angle oil - ^ 5 ° to the transverse axis of the annular body single fibers or fiber associations (rovings). This fiber layer on the front web of the ring body achieves maximum strength with regard to the later stress, in particular the stress on torsion around the longitudinal axis. The individual fibers or fiber assemblies are expediently arranged one above the other in several intersecting layers in the ring body. The crossing angle (i is generally less than 90 °. With the front bar, the crossing angle β is in the range from 20 ° to 60 °, although different crossing angles are possible at points of strong fiber deflection the fiber structures running through the front bar of the ring body are necessary because this achieves good stabilization of the side bars against deformations under the action of strong torques.

The individual fibers or fiber assemblies are expediently deflected at the bores located in the side webs. This ensures good integration of the bearing bushes and power transmission from the bearing bushes reaches the side webs on the rear web serving as a flange.

In the preferred embodiment of the invention Universal joint, the rear web of the ring body is designed as a flange, on which a further transmission part can be set. The fibers lead

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or fiber composites also use this flange. The flange holes can deflect the fibers or the fiber structures formed during the manufacture of the ring body or after the ring body has been completed be drilled.

Preferably, the fork-like pipe end is by means of a clear interior of the ring body between the journal cross and stiffened bracket that extends through the rear bar. When storing the cross in fork-like Arms made of fiber reinforced plastic at one end or at both ends of the transmission tube will increase the Angular mobility of the joint (compared to the storage proposed in DE-OS 28 18 167) Weaknesses of the bearing construction bought. This weakening is compensated by the bracket, which the fork arms stiffened against bending and torsion.

The method for producing the universal joint is characterized according to the invention in that one is on a Winding mandrel with a cross-section corresponding to the clear interior space of the ring body and two one another opposing and removable side spines, fibers or fiber assemblies (rovings) at a winding angle of "■ & * - ^ 5 ° to form an annular body, the fibers or soaking fiber assemblies with a synthetic resin before, during or after winding. The resin then hardens in the Ring body off, the side spikes are removed and the ring body pulled off the winding mandrel. Eventually be in the bores formed by the side mandrels bearing bushes attached and a journal cross with one pair of journals into the bearing bushes and with the other pair of pins in the fork-like tube end. The ring body

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can be produced simply and inexpensively in such a winding technique. The holes for receiving the bearing bushes are already formed during manufacture, so that subsequent reworking is relatively low is. If the ring body has the preferred square shape, it is on a corresponding square mandrel wrapped. A larger number of ring bodies can be produced on one mandrel at the same time. Corresponding Suitable fiber materials and matrix resins as well as a fiber map can be used to cope with the later stresses on the ring body can be selected, this is generally calculated for the respective case. The thorn is reusable for a large number of windings and consists e.g. of chrome-plated steel. As material for the Reinforcement fibers or rovings are primarily made of glass, especially those of aluminum oxide and magnesium oxide rich S-glass, or carbon into consideration. In certain cases, however, steel wires and polyamide fibers can also be used can be used. Suitable matrix synthetic resins are polyepoxy or polyester resins.

The fibers or fiber assemblies are expediently wound in several intersecting layers on top of one another. Of the The angle of intersection β of layers lying one above the other in the front web is generally in the range from 20 ° to 60 °. It however, smaller crossing angles are also possible. To ensure good power transmission from the bearing bushes to the To achieve side bars on the rear flange of the ring body, one directs part of the fibers or the Fiber associations when winding around the side spikes, so that the spatial zones of the resulting holes have a special one Experience reinforcement.

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The bores in the rear flange are expediently formed by wrapping appropriate side spikes around them or by drilling after the ring body has hardened.

The invention is described in more detail below with reference to the drawing, in which an embodiment of the universal joint is shown. It shows:

Fig. 1 is a side view of the universal joint,

partly in section;

Fig. 2 is a section along the line II-II of

Fig. 1, and

Fig. 3 is a plan view of the in the joint

according to FIGS. 1 and 2 inserted ring body, partly in section.

In the embodiment of the universal joint 3 shown in the drawings, the output body consists of a substantially quadrangular ring body 4, as can be seen in particular from the plan view shown in FIG. 3. the Side webs 4a contain aligned bores 9 for receiving the bearing bushes 7a. The side bars 4a are on the front through the front bar 4b and on the back connected by the web 4c serving as a flange. The web 4c also contains bores 13 for connection to another transmission part.

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In the bearing bushes 7b, one pin pair is a cross member 14, e.g. by means of a needle roller bearing. With the other, from the openings 17 of the ring body 4 outstanding pin pair is the cross member 14 with articulated Annular body 4 arranged in the bearing bushes 7a, which in turn are arranged in bores 5a of the fork arms 5 are. The fork arms 5 form the end 2 of a transmission tube 1. The bearing bushes 7a are in FIG Bore 5a defined by means of fixing means 8. A U-shaped bracket 6 is inserted between the fork arms 5, which rests with the outer surfaces of its legs on the inner surfaces of the fork arms 5 in a form-fitting manner. At the same time, the bracket legs have laterally open bores 6a, with which they the bearing bushes 7a or the fixing means partially encompass. This engagement of the bracket 6 on the arms 5 and the bearing bushes 7a the flexural and torsional rigidity of the arms 5 is increased accordingly.

As can be seen from Fig. 2, the bracket 6 extends through the clear interior 16 and the openings 17 of the Ring body 4 through; in the area of the clear interior 16 it is reduced in width so that it can move angularly of the ring body 4 about the axis 10 is affected as little as possible.

From FIGS. 1 and 2, the preferred course of the fiber structures 15 can be seen. The winding angle ¹ ^ *, ie the angle at which the fiber structures are wound to the winding axis 10, in this embodiment in the area of the front web 4b is approximately 72 °; accordingly, the crossing angle [i is about 36 °.

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The fiber structures 15 are deflected in the side webs at the edge of the bores 9. The deflection can be small be, for example in the range of 0 ° to 30 °. The deflection of the fiber structures can, however, also go beyond 180 °, so that a roving coming from the upper area of the rear web 4c in the edge zone of the bore 9 is deflected by about 270 ° and then returned to the lower region of the web Ic (Fig. 1).

In the illustrated embodiment of the universal joint, in addition to the ring body 4, there is also the transmission tube 1 with the fork-like pipe end 2 made of fiber-reinforced plastic. However, the invention is by no means based on this Embodiment limited. The ring-shaped output body 4 made of fiber-reinforced plastic can even with tubular shafts 1 that are not made of plastic, can be used, for example with those made of aluminum or aluminum alloys.

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REFERENCE LIST

1 Transfer tube 2 Pipe end 3 Universal joint 4a Side bars 4b Front bar 4c rear bridge 5 Fork arms 5a Drilling 6th hanger 7a 1
7b J Bearing bushes 8th 9 Fixatives 10) Drilling Winding axis 12 y Longitudinal axis of the ring body 13th Transverse axis 14th Drilling 15th Conical cross 16 Fibers / fiber bandages 17th clear interior of the ring body Openings of the ring body

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Claims (12)

PATENT CLAIMS Universal joint for cardan shafts, with one at the end of one Transmission tube pivotably mounted in fork arms, to which an output body is articulated, characterized, -Uj, that the output body is designed as a closed ring body ( ¹ J) with several webs ( ¹ Ia, ¹ Jb, ¹ Jc) made of a fiber-reinforced plastic, with opposing bores (9) ^{in the side webs (1} Yes) of the ring body ( ^{1 J)} are arranged and the journal cross (1 ¹ J) is mounted with one pin pair in the bores (9) and with the other pin pair protruding through the ring openings (17) outwardly in the fork-like pipe end (2). 2. Universal joint according to claim 1, characterized, that the fiber reinforcement at the front web ⁽¹ Jb) out from under a Winkele * = ^ 5 ° to the transverse axis (12) of .Ringkörpers ⁽¹ J) ^- is extending single fibers or fiber associations (15). U0095.000 ₉ 3. Universal joint according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that that the individual fibers or fiber assemblies (15) are arranged one above the other in several intersecting layers. 4. Universal joint according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized, that the individual fibers or fiber structures (15) are deflected at the bores (9). 5. Universal joint according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized, that the ring body (4) essentially has a square profile Has. 6. Universal joint according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that that the rear web (^ c) of the ring body (4) as Flange is formed. UOO95.OOO η 3 7. Universal joint according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that that the fork-like pipe end (2) is stiffened by means of a bracket (6) which extends through the clear interior (16) of the ring body ( ¹ I) between the journal cross (14) and the rear web ( ^{1 Ic).} 8. Universal joint according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that that the transfer tube (1) and the fork-like tube end (2) consist in one piece of fiber-reinforced plastic. 9. Universal joint shaft, the transmission tube (1) at one or both ends (2) with a universal joint (3) after a of claims 1 to 8 is provided. 10. A method for producing a universal joint according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized, that on a winding mandrel with a cross-section corresponding to the clear interior of the ring body and two opposing, removable side mandrels, fibers or fiber assemblies at a winding angle f- = winds up into a ring body, the fibers or fiber assemblies before, during or after winding with an uncured synthetic resin soaks, the resin in the ring body hardens, the side spikes removed and then U0095.000 γ Η pulls the ring body from the winding mandrel, fastened bearing bushes in the holes formed by the side mandrels and finally a journal cross with one pair of journals in the bearing bushes and with the other pair of journals in the fork-like pipe end is used. 11. The method according to 10, characterized in that that one wraps the fibers or fiber assemblies in several intersecting layers one on top of the other. 12. The method according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that that one deflects part of the fibers or fiber structures when winding on the side spikes. 13. Method according to one of Claims 10 to 12, characterized in that that you can drill the holes in the flange by wrapping side thorns or by drilling after hardening.