DE3248703A1 - METHOD AND DEVICE FOR CONTINUOUSLY PRODUCING BIOLOGICAL, HUMUS-FORMING DUENGER - Google Patents

Abstract

The method is used for the continuous production of a biological humus-forming fertilizer free of germs and medicinal residues, from animal and agricultural waste, and biogas by bacterial fermentation. The treatment for the preparation and anaerobic bacterial fermentation of the starting material mixed with starting material mixed with a liquid into a continuous and uniform flow is achieved in two steps. In the first step, life conditions are created within the suspension which are best adapted to cultures of mesophilic bacteria causing a hydrolysis and acidification of the starting material, particularly by heating at about 30<o>-40<o>C and, at predetermined time intervals, first part of the bacteria-containing liquid and at the end of the treatment optionally the other part is removed from the suspension and is added to the new starting material to be introduced and/or to the suspension. In the second step, the product released preferably partially from the liquid of the first step is mixed with the bacteria-containing liquid extracted from the suspension in the second step and life conditions best adapted to the cultures of thermophilic bacteria achieving the fermentation are created within said liquid, particularly by heating at a temperature of about 50<o>-60<o>C. The gases generated in both steps are sucked and collected; at least one portion is divided into separate jets and introduced into the suspension, the remaining being separated into CO2 gas and CH4 gas, the first one being divided into separate jets and again introduced into the suspension, the second one being used to cover the general energy requirement for implementing such method up to the obtention of the final product. The plant for implementing such method comprises two covered vat-like containers (11, 12) of which the bottom (15) presents a continuous slope of at least 2% from the loading end to the discharge end.

Description

Process and device for continuous

Producing Organic Humus-Forming Fertilizer The invention relates to a method and an apparatus to be used preferably for this for continuous Production of germ and drug residue-free, biological, humus-forming Fertilizer made primarily from animal and possibly also agricultural waste products and from biogas through bacterial fermentation.

It is already known from the waste materials in question to obtain biogas from animal husbandry and agriculture through anaerobic fermentation, a fertilizer being obtained as a by-product. This means that in these proceedings gas extraction is in the foreground and the resulting fertilizer is a by-product If, in the known processes, the focus is on gas generation, so because it tries to increase the profitability as much as possible to back up. Such a process can only be guaranteed to be cost-effective if if bulk buyers for a constant and immediate takeover of the gas produced worry for a long period of time. However, this can be derived from the most varied Reasons why such processes are only used in relatively small plants can be used, with the gas generated to cover the energy needs of their own Farm and the fertilizer is used for their own lands.

Industrially exploited processes and systems of those in question Art have not yet become known. Insofar as there are plants for generating biogas, are these from apparatuses which are complex in terms of their construction and operation composed. With these, the accruing Waste in one Recycled container, which requires complicated control mechanisms. For big industrialists Applications, the known systems are in no way a role model, because the quantities to be dealt with per unit of time are so immense that necessarily Paths have to be taken that lead to a specific task. Waste products from industrial animal husbandry, especially with regard to all poultry Art, accumulate in enormous quantities and cause environmental problems of considerable proportions. Even if these waste products are temporarily stored for a certain period of time have been, no guarantee could be given that they would then be without hesitation can be applied to the fields as fertilizer. They still contain Germs and drug residues that have harmful effects on animals and humans can have. Since now the large amounts of such waste products are housed somewhere must be, they are often applied in much too large relative quantities, that is, the fields in question are over-fertilized. Besides that Such fertilizer is only tolerated by certain plants, they take the nutrients away only a fraction of the fertilizer; the rest is in by the rainwater borne the ground and at some point reaches the groundwater.

It is in the general interest that the present extracted waste materials are processed or treated and can be used in this form be made that they. can be used without hesitation and are able to chemical Artificial fertilizers replace at least a considerable part of the fertilizers to be produced Art is therefore based on biological, natural starting materials and offers the advantage not to contain only all essential components of fertilizer that plants need, but also important trace elements. Moreover, the one in question is Fertilizer is particularly suitable as a humus-forming agent, which improves the topsoil will.

The invention is based on the object of proposing a method which is applicable on a large industrial scale with the large amount of throughput allowed to get by with the smallest possible systems and minimal expenditure on equipment and enables economical operation. In contrast to previous procedures the focus of the technology should be on the production of biological fertilizer, whereby the inevitably occurring biogas quantities should only be used to to cover the energy requirements of the plant or the entire plant, both in Regarding thermal energy as well as electrical energy and, if necessary, for the Operation of vehicles required energy.

The invention is also based on the object of a continuously to create working process in contrast to the previously known discontinuous Procedure when using individual containers.

To solve this problem it is proposed according to the invention, to apply those measures that are specified in claim 1. Further expedient embodiments of the method proposed according to the invention go from the subclaims. The proposed for the implementation of the invention The device is particularly suitable for the method in terms of its features from the claims relating to the device. More details and Features are explained in more detail below, and in particular based on the exemplary embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, a particular one appropriately designed device. They show: FIG. 1 a longitudinal section through a Part of the plant in which, according to the method according to the invention, biological fertilizer is producible; FIG. 2 is a plan view of a system shown schematically in FIG particularly advantageous, space-saving embodiment.

As can be seen from Fig. 1, the device consists of two elongated Troughs 11 and 12, in each of which one of the two process stages takes place.

The basic structure of the two troughs and the ones assigned to them Facilities substantially equal to each other; they mainly differ by their length, because the residence time of the suspensions treated in them is different; therefore, the trough 12 is approximately 1 for the second process stage 1/2 to 2 times longer than the trough 11 for the first process stage.

The troughs 11 and 12, which are advantageously made of reinforced concrete are provided with a gas-tight cover 13 and 14, respectively. Each of the troughs is in subdivided into individual sections A, B, C, D, etc. The bottom 15 of the troughs 11 and 12, respectively is within each section A, B, C, D, etc. in the direction of flow downwards inclined by an angle of 0 0 at least 2 to 30. At the end of each Section A, B, C, D, etc. is a threshold 16, in whose niche a with suction pipe 17 provided with openings is arranged, by which by means of the pumps 18 a part of the liquid of the suspension can be drawn off can.

Furthermore, there are in the bottom 15 and in the side walls 19 of the Troughs 11 or 12 pipelines 20 with nozzles 21, which in the interior of the troughs 11 and 12 open in order to introduce gas into the suspension in them.

For this purpose, the pipelines 20 are connected to the distributor pipe 22 tied together.

At least one feed line 23 opens out at the feed end in the trough 11 or 12 in a trough 24 located in these, from which the material introduced and possibly mixed with further liquid enters the trough 11 or 12 and added to the mass flow at its rear end will. At the discharge end there are several discharge hoppers in the rear trough wall 25 26 or

Like. That in a discharge line 27 for the finished treated suspension open out, which are sucked off by means of the pump 28 and fed to a centrifuge 29 will.

The charging line opens at the charging end of the second trough 12 30 for the supply of the partially dehydrated mass from the first process stage into a Distribution channel 31, in which it is filled with liquid from the second process stage offset and mixed and then the mass flow in the trough 12 at its rear end is added.

As can be seen from Fig. 2, the troughs 11 'and 12' are zigzag-shaped educated; this is achieved in the simplest way that in a corresponding broadly dimensioned channel 41 offset from one another guide walls 42 arranged are, so that the mass flow follows a serpentine or zigzag path through the two stages I and II takes.

The operation of the shown in the drawing and previously described The device or system takes place in the manner specified in the method claims as follows.

The starting product is, for example, that in chicken farms on a large scale resulting chicken droppings, which are crushed and floated with the addition of water will. Instead of chicken droppings, of course, everyone else can be kept in animals Recycle any excrement, even if they are mixed with litter should, which is broken down into small particles during the crushing process.

The raw material thus obtained is fed through the feed pipe 23 introduced into the trough 11 of the first process stage. It first gets into the distribution channel 24, in which it is mixed with bacteria-containing liquid which has been removed from the suspension in the trough 11 by means of the suction pipes 17 is. Furthermore, the suspension is located at the level of the liquid level an inoculation trough 32, by means of which likewise the suspension is new or removed from the Recovered bacterial cultures can be added to the suspension. From the tundish 24 the supplied starting material arrives at the loading end in the trough 11 and is added to the mass flow moving in this at the rear end, in an amount corresponding to the suspension drawn off at the discharge end.

During the passage of the suspension through the trough 11 this whirled up by the gas introduced into them and, in a certain way, along certain lines Recirculated cross-sectional profiles. Due to the numerous gas bubbles that are in the suspension rise, the surface is enlarged in an extraordinary way, what a result in rapid processing of the suspension in the process stage.

The gas is in the trough bottom 15 and in the trough side walls 19 arranged pipes 20 supplied, from the nozzles 21 the gas in the form of Radiation is introduced into the suspension. As a result of the slope of the floor sections A, B, C, D etc. and the resulting hydrostatic and hydrodynamic Conditions in the trough, the sediment migrates through the trough, whereby the Dwell time of the mass fed in at a certain point in time as a result of the uniform Movement of the mass flow is always the same.

In the first process stage, i.e. in trough 11, already forms some, if small, amount of gas.

which consists of C03 and CH4. This gas is delivered through the pipeline 33 withdrawn and fed to a collecting container.

You can now either use this gas mixture to get it through the pipelines 22 and 20 to be blown into the mass flow in trough 11. As for further recovery of the incurred CH4 case, it is sensible to separate it from the CO gas, Advantageously, instead of the gas mixture, CO 2 gas is used in the first process stage blown into the mass flow, especially because of this the processing of the Mass is promoted for fermentation in the second process stage.

At the discharge end of the trough 11, the suspension is over the suction funnel 26 and the withdrawal line 27 withdrawn by means of the feed pump 28. Appropriately the suspension by means of centrifuges up to a certain point is found to be expedient exhibiting degree of fluid, which then, as they are in a considerable extent Contains bacteria, via the pipeline 34 is returned to the trough 11. the largely freed of liquid and processed in the first process stage Mass is then transferred to the distribution channel 31 in the second trough 12 via the pipeline 35 supplied, in which they with the liquid removed from the suspension in the trough 12 is moved. From the channel 31, the suspension reaches the trough 12, where it is added to the rear end of the mass flow at the entry end. The constructive one The configuration of the second trough 12 is the same as that of the first trough 11. The only difference between the two troughs is that the second Trough 12 is about 1 1/2 to 2 times longer than trough 11.

In the trough 12, the fermentation takes place in the suspension Biomass, whereby biogas is generated to the desired extent. To a small extent falls CO gas is also present in this process stage. The gas mixture is drawn off and also supplied to the aforementioned collecting container. There will only be so much at a time Biogas is generated when it is necessary to generate enough process heat on the one hand and on the other an energy carrier is available to cover the energy needs of the entire company to have.

At the discharge end, after the fermentation of the biomass in the second stage of the process is completed, the suspension withdrawn and after brief heating to at least 700 C or more using centrifuges largely freed from the liquid. The moist and still hot mass becomes then sent through a drying system in which you remove the residual moisture is withdrawn up to a certain desired percentage. This so obtained Mass is the finished biological fertilizer suitable for commercial purposes, that of germs and other undesirable residues is exempt. By treating in the In the manner described, it cannot reproduce either, i.e. that it is odorless and stays.

Claims (15)

Claims method for the continuous generation of germinating and Medicinal residue-free, organic, humus-forming fertilizer mainly made from animal and possibly also agricultural waste products and of Biogas by bacterial fermentation, characterized in that the anaerobic bacterial purification and fermentation treatment of the hydrated Starting material in a continuously and uniformly moving mass flow is carried out in two stages, with the first stage in the suspension mesophilic bacterial cultures causing hydrolysis and acidification of the starting material optimally adapted living conditions, in particular by warming to about 300 to 400 C, are created and the suspension after certain periods of time first part and at the end of the treatment the other part of the treatment bacteria-containing liquid withdrawn and the new starting material to be supplied and / or the Aufschwemmunq is added, and in the second stage that preferably Partially freed from liquid product of the first stage with that of the suspension Bacteria-containing liquid withdrawn in the second stage is added and in this optimally adapted to the thermophilic bacterial cultures causing the fermentation Living conditions, in particular by warming to around 500 to 600 C, created the gases produced in both stages are drawn off and collected, at least a part of which is divided into individual rays back into the suspension introduced and the remaining part is separated into CO 2 gas and CH4 gas, in which the former, divided into individual rays, is initiated back into the suspension and the latter to cover the entire energy requirement for carrying out the process is used until the end product is obtained. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized by the following measures In the first process stage: a) that from animal waste products, in particular animal excrement and possibly agricultural waste products, existing starting material is crushed and mixed with water and / or the suspension liquid removed at a later stage of the process is added until the The proportion of dry matter corresponds to about 6 ° Ó to 16 ° 0, preferably about 7 ° Ó to 12 ° 0, and then continuously the uniformly moving mass flow at his rear end fed; b) the suspension is with a, a Hydrolysis and acidification causing anaerobic, mesophilic bacterial culture inoculated, thoroughly mixed with this and a preparation process for fermentation subjected in the second process stage; c) the suspension is brought to a temperature from about 300 to 400 C, preferably from about 320 to 350 C, and heated for a period of time from about 1 to about 4 days, preferably about 2 days, at this temperature level held; d) after about a third and possibly another one One third of the treatment time is spent on the suspension with bacteria-infused vaccine taken, which of the suspension immediately before or during and possibly is added after being fed to the mass flow; e) those during the treatment period The resulting gases C02 and CH4) are drawn off and collected; f) after the Treatment time, the bacteria-containing liquid of the suspension is largely withdrawn and added to the suspension at the beginning of the mass flow. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized by the following measures in the second process stage: g) that at the end of the treatment in the first process stage the product, which may have been largely freed from the liquid, is continuous fed to a second, uniformly moving mass flow at its rear end, which possibly new anaerobic, thermophilic bacterial cultures and / or bacteria-containing substances removed from the mass flow at one or more cross-sections Liquid is added to and mixed with this until the proportion of Dry matter is about 6 S to 18 ° Ós, preferably about 8 ° ó to 12 m; H) the suspension is at a temperature of about 500 to 600 C, preferably about 520 to 550 C, and heated for a period of about 3 to 6, preferably held at this temperature level for about 4 days; i) after about one A third and possibly a further third of the treatment time will be the suspension with bacteria mixed vaccine removed, which the suspension immediately added before or with and optionally after their supply to the mass flow will; k) the gases (CO2, CH4) produced during the treatment time are drawn off and collected; i) after the treatment time has elapsed, the bacteria-containing liquid becomes largely withdrawn from the suspension and the suspension at the beginning of the mass flow added again. 4. The method according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that in each process stage the gas obtained and collected in this at least partially after prior heating in a large number of beams in the area of several cross-sections is blown into the mass flow. 5. The method according to claim 1, 2, 3 or 4, characterized in that that in each process stage the subtracted in the area of a cross section of the mass flow bacteria-containing, optionally heated liquid in the area of at least one The cross-section lying behind in the direction of movement of the mass flow is the mass flow is added again. 6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that that the biogas obtained is used exclusively to heat the or the to be circulated gases or liquids and the end product and, if necessary, too its drying and the remaining part to generate the drive energy for the Circulation pumps, mass transfer pumps, dewatering centrifuges and other machines is used. 7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that that the biomass contained in the suspension at the end of the second process stage largely freed from liquid, briefly to a temperature of at least 700 C and then dried. 8. Device for performing the method according to one or more of claims 1 to 7, characterized by two trough-shaped, covered troughs (11,12), the bottoms (15) of which are continuous from the feed end to the discharge end Have a gradient of at least about 2 ° Ó. 9. Apparatus according to claim 8, characterized in that the size ratio of the two troughs (11, 12) is about 1: 1.5 to 1: 2. 10. Apparatus according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the bottoms (15) of the troughs (11, 12) are divided into sections (A, B, C, ...), at which At the end there is a threshold (16) in the area of which removal devices (17) are arranged for the liquid to be withdrawn. 11. The device according to claim 8, 9 or 10, characterized in that daG in the trough walls (19) and in the floor (15) pipelines (20) with a large number by nozzles (21) directed towards the interior of the troughs (11, 12) for the introduction of gas are arranged in the mass flow. 12. The device according to one or more of claims 8 to 11, characterized characterized in that the inner walls (19) and floors (15) of the troughs (11,12) with a a smooth hydrophobic surface having covering are provided. 13. The device according to one or more of claims 8 to 12, characterized characterized in that the troughs (11,12) from one behind the other, zigzag-shaped arranged sections (A, B, C, ...). 14. The device according to one or more of claims 8 to 13, characterized characterized in that at the loading end of each trough (11, 12) at the level of the mass flow level an inoculation pot (32) or an inoculation channel (24) with an overflow for the feed bacteria-containing inoculation liquid is arranged. 15. Device according to one or more of claims 8 to 14, characterized characterized in that the troughs (11,12) optionally in a multiple arrangement under are arranged on the floor of an operating hall, on or above which the for the machines and pipelines and apparatus required for the operation of the system and the like.