DE3224722A1 - Method and arrangement for direction finding on ships - Google Patents

Method and arrangement for direction finding on ships

Info

Publication number
DE3224722A1
DE3224722A1 DE19823224722 DE3224722A DE3224722A1 DE 3224722 A1 DE3224722 A1 DE 3224722A1 DE 19823224722 DE19823224722 DE 19823224722 DE 3224722 A DE3224722 A DE 3224722A DE 3224722 A1 DE3224722 A1 DE 3224722A1
Authority
DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
incidence
ships
ship
loop antennas
phase difference
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
DE19823224722
Other languages
German (de)
Inventor
Gerhard Dr.-Ing. 7910 Neu-Ulm Mönich
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Telefunken Systemtechnik AG
Original Assignee
Licentia Patent Verwaltungs GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Licentia Patent Verwaltungs GmbH filed Critical Licentia Patent Verwaltungs GmbH
Priority to DE19823224722 priority Critical patent/DE3224722A1/en
Priority to AU15128/83A priority patent/AU555686B2/en
Priority to EP83901363A priority patent/EP0108094B1/en
Priority to DE8383901363T priority patent/DE3374084D1/en
Priority to PCT/DE1983/000077 priority patent/WO1983003904A1/en
Priority to CA000429265A priority patent/CA1213341A/en
Priority to IT21831/83A priority patent/IT1169443B/en
Publication of DE3224722A1 publication Critical patent/DE3224722A1/en
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S3/00—Direction-finders for determining the direction from which infrasonic, sonic, ultrasonic, or electromagnetic waves, or particle emission, not having a directional significance, are being received
    • G01S3/02—Direction-finders for determining the direction from which infrasonic, sonic, ultrasonic, or electromagnetic waves, or particle emission, not having a directional significance, are being received using radio waves
    • G01S3/14—Systems for determining direction or deviation from predetermined direction
    • G01S3/143—Systems for determining direction or deviation from predetermined direction by vectorial combination of signals derived from differently oriented antennae
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S3/00—Direction-finders for determining the direction from which infrasonic, sonic, ultrasonic, or electromagnetic waves, or particle emission, not having a directional significance, are being received
    • G01S3/02—Direction-finders for determining the direction from which infrasonic, sonic, ultrasonic, or electromagnetic waves, or particle emission, not having a directional significance, are being received using radio waves
    • G01S3/04—Details
    • G01S3/10—Means for reducing or compensating for quadrantal, site, or like errors
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S3/00—Direction-finders for determining the direction from which infrasonic, sonic, ultrasonic, or electromagnetic waves, or particle emission, not having a directional significance, are being received
    • G01S3/02—Direction-finders for determining the direction from which infrasonic, sonic, ultrasonic, or electromagnetic waves, or particle emission, not having a directional significance, are being received using radio waves
    • G01S3/14—Systems for determining direction or deviation from predetermined direction
    • G01S3/28—Systems for determining direction or deviation from predetermined direction using amplitude comparison of signals derived simultaneously from receiving antennas or antenna systems having differently-oriented directivity characteristics
    • G01S3/32—Systems for determining direction or deviation from predetermined direction using amplitude comparison of signals derived simultaneously from receiving antennas or antenna systems having differently-oriented directivity characteristics derived from different combinations of signals from separate antennas, e.g. comparing sum with difference
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q25/00—Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns
    • H01Q25/02—Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns providing sum and difference patterns

Abstract

For finding the direction of an electromagnetic wave on ships, particularly in the case of directions of incidence broadside on to the longitudinal axis of the ship, two frame antennas are arranged spatially separate from one another in such a manner that the nulls of their patterns point in the direction of the line joining bow to stern: the antenna voltages of the two frame antennas are compared with respect to their mutual phase angle and from the phase difference measured, the angle of incidence of the wave is determined. The back scattering from back scatterers located in the line joining bow to stern such as, for example, masts of the ship, does not interfere with the direction finding.

Description

Verfahren und Anordnung zur Peilung auf SchiffenProcedure and arrangement for direction finding on ships

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren und eine Anordnung zur Peilung einer elektromagnetischen Welle auf Schiffen.The invention relates to a method and an arrangement for direction finding an electromagnetic wave on ships.

Bei der Peilung auf Schiffen entstehen durch die als Sekundärstrahler wirkenden Schiffsaufbauten und vor allem die in der Verbindungslinie Bug-Heck liegenden metallischen Masten erhebliche Peilfehler. Herkömmliche Schiffspeiler zeigen besonders große Mißweisungen für Einfallsrichtungen querab vom Schiff, also im Winkelbereich von 30° bis 1500 gemessen gegen die Schiffslängsachse, während sie in der Längsrichtung des Schiffes durchaus akzeptable Peilergebnisse liefern.When taking bearings on ships, they act as secondary emitters acting ship superstructures and above all those lying in the connecting line bow-stern metallic masts have significant bearing errors. Conventional ship direction finders show particularly large misdirections for directions of incidence abeam the ship, i.e. in the angular range from 30 ° to 1500 measured against the ship's longitudinal axis, while it is in the longitudinal direction of the ship deliver absolutely acceptable bearing results.

Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, auf Schiffen die Peilung insbesondere seitlich einfallender Wellen zu verbessern.The object of the present invention is the bearing on ships in particular to improve laterally incident waves.

Die erfindungsgemäße Lösung dieser Aufgabe ist durch das im Anspruch 1 beschriebene Verfahren bzw. die im Anspruch 2 angegebene Anordnung gegeben. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind in den Unteransprüchen beschrieben.The inventive solution to this problem is provided by the claim 1 described method or the arrangement specified in claim 2 given. Beneficial Refinements of the invention are described in the subclaims.

Durch die Ausrichtung der Nullstellen in Richtung der Verbindungslinie Bug-Heck wird die Rückstrahlung der hauptsächlich in dieser Linie liegenden Störstrahler nicht aufgenommen. Auch symmetrisch zur Richtung der Nullstellen liegende Objekte beeinflussen das Peilergebnis bei der vorliegenden Erfindung kaum, da ihre Rückstrahlung in den Rahmenantennen entgegengesetzt wirkt.By aligning the zeros in the direction of the connecting line Bow-stern is the reflection of the interference radiators mainly lying in this line not included. Also objects that are symmetrical to the direction of the zeros hardly influence the bearing result in the present invention, since their reflection acts in the opposite direction in the loop antennas.

Als Verfahren zur Ermittlung des Peilergebnisses dient das sogenannte Interferometerverfahren, das die Phasendifferenz der beiden von den Rahmenantennen abgegebenen Spannungen auf den Einfallswinkel zurückführt. Hierzu sind Mittel zur Messung dieser Phasendifferenz und Einrichtungen zur Bestimmung des Einfallswinkels vorgesehen.The so-called Interferometer method that determines the phase difference between the two loop antennas The voltages emitted are attributed to the angle of incidence. For this purpose are means for Measurement of this phase difference and devices for determining the angle of incidence intended.

Letztere enthalten vorteilhafterweise einen Prozessor zur Auswertung. Die Berechnung des Einfallswinkels a aus der gemessenen Phasendifferenz Gç in Abhängigkeit von der Wellenlänge X bei gegebenem Abstand d der Rahmenantennen kann dabei nach der an sich bekannten Beziehung = 72Tt d cos a erfolgen.The latter advantageously contain a processor for evaluation. The calculation of the angle of incidence α from the measured phase difference Gç as a function of of the wavelength X at a given distance d of the loop antennas can be according to the relationship known per se = 72Tt d cos a.

Die Abbildung zeigt in einer Skizze die wesentlichen Grundzüge für den Aufbau der erfindungsgemäßen Anordnung auf einem Schiff.The illustration shows the main features of the structure of the arrangement according to the invention on a ship.

In der Verbindungslinie Bug-Heck BH des Schiffes S sind die rückstreuenden Masten M1, M2 und M3 angeordnet.In the connecting line bow-stern BH of the ship S are the backscattering Masts M1, M2 and M3 arranged.

Weitere Rückstrahler sind die symmetrisch zur Verbindungslinie BH liegenden Stabantennen Al und A2. Die Rahmenantennen R1 und R2 sind im gegenseitigen Abstand d so angeordnet, daß ihre Nullstellen in Richtung der Verbindungslinie BH weisen. Die Rückstrahlung der Masten M1, M2 und M3 wird daher von den Rahmenantennen nicht aufgenommen. Die Rückstrahlung von den Stabantennen Al und A2 heben sich in ihrer Wirkung in jeder der Rahmenantennen weitgehend auf.Further reflectors are symmetrical to the connecting line BH lying rod antennas Al and A2. The loop antennas R1 and R2 are mutual Distance d arranged so that their zero points in the direction of the connecting line BH point. The reflection of the masts M1, M2 and M3 is therefore from the loop antennas not included. The reflection from the rod antennas A1 and A2 cancel out in their effect in each of the loop antennas to a large extent.

Die Rahmen sind vorteilhafterweise auf den Schiffsmasten M1 und M3 angebracht. Eine andere günstige Montagemöglichkeit für die Rahmenantennen ist eine Tragkonstruktion mit zwei Auslegern.The frames are advantageously on the ship masts M1 and M3 appropriate. Another inexpensive mounting option for the loop antennas is one Support structure with two arms.

Die Peilung gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung bringt aufgrund der Richtcharakteristik der Rahmen gegenüber herkömmlichen Schiffspeilern in dem querab zur Schiffslängsachse liegenden Azimutbereic1n wesentlich genauere Ergebnisse. In dem Bereich um die Nullstelle der Rahmenantennen muß die Peilaufgabe von herkömmlichen Peilern wahrgenommen werden, die in diesem Bereich besser arbeiten.The bearing according to the present invention brings due to the directional characteristic the frame compared to conventional ship pillars in the abeam to the ship's longitudinal axis lying azimuth ranges are much more accurate results. In the area around the zero of the loop antennas, the direction finding function must be performed by conventional direction finders, who work better in this area.

LeerseiteBlank page

Claims (4)

Patentansprüche Verfahren zur Peilung einer elektromagnetischen Welle auf Schiffen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Welle über zwei räumlich getrennte Rahmenantennen, deren Nullstellen in Richtung der Verbindungslinie Bug-Heck zeigen, empf angen wird, daß die Phasendifferenz zwischen den von den Rahmenantennen abgegebenen Spannungen gemessen wird und daß aus der gemesenen Phasendifferenz der Einfallswinkel der Welle bestimmt wird.Claims method for bearing an electromagnetic wave on ships, characterized in that the shaft has two spatially separated Loop antennas, the zeros of which point in the direction of the connecting line bow-stern, is received that the phase difference between the emitted by the loop antennas Voltages is measured and that from the measured phase difference the angle of incidence the wave is determined. 2. Anordnung zur Peilung einer elektromagnetischen Welle auf Schiffen unter Verwendung von Rahmenantennen, gekennzeichnet durch zwei Rahmenantennen, die räumlich getrennt so angeordnet sind, daß die Nullstellen ihrer Diagramme in Richtung der Verbindungslinie Bug-Heck liegen, durch Mittel zur Messung der Phasendifferenz zwischen den von den beiden Antennen abgegebenen Spannungen und durch Einrichtungen zur Bestimmung des Einfallswinkels aus der gemessenen Phasendifferenz.2. Arrangement for bearing an electromagnetic wave on ships using loop antennas, characterized by two loop antennas that are spatially separated so that the zeros of their diagrams in the direction the bow-stern connecting line, by means of measuring the phase difference between the voltages emitted by the two antennas and through devices to determine the angle of incidence from the measured phase difference. 3. Anordnung nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Rahmenantennen auf Masten montiert sind.3. Arrangement according to claim 2, characterized in that the loop antennas are mounted on masts. 4. Anordnung nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Einrichtungen zur Bestimmung des Einfallswinkels einen Prozessor beinhalten.4. Arrangement according to claim 2, characterized in that the devices contain a processor to determine the angle of incidence.
DE19823224722 1982-04-29 1982-07-02 Method and arrangement for direction finding on ships Ceased DE3224722A1 (en)

Priority Applications (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19823224722 DE3224722A1 (en) 1982-07-02 1982-07-02 Method and arrangement for direction finding on ships
AU15128/83A AU555686B2 (en) 1982-04-29 1983-04-28 Radiogoniometric device
EP83901363A EP0108094B1 (en) 1982-04-29 1983-04-28 Radiogoniometric device
DE8383901363T DE3374084D1 (en) 1982-04-29 1983-04-28 RADIOGONIOMETRIC DEVICE
PCT/DE1983/000077 WO1983003904A1 (en) 1982-04-29 1983-04-28 Radiogoniometric device
CA000429265A CA1213341A (en) 1982-07-02 1983-05-31 Direction-finding system
IT21831/83A IT1169443B (en) 1982-07-02 1983-06-29 Radio navigation system for ship

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19823224722 DE3224722A1 (en) 1982-07-02 1982-07-02 Method and arrangement for direction finding on ships

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
DE3224722A1 true DE3224722A1 (en) 1984-01-05

Family

ID=6167419

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
DE19823224722 Ceased DE3224722A1 (en) 1982-04-29 1982-07-02 Method and arrangement for direction finding on ships

Country Status (1)

Country Link
DE (1) DE3224722A1 (en)

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2644158A (en) * 1946-11-06 1953-06-30 Sterling R Thrift Directive antenna system
US3093827A (en) * 1959-12-11 1963-06-11 Douglas N Travers Three loop direction finder antenna for shipboard use
DE1923351B2 (en) * 1969-05-07 1972-01-27 Apparatebau Gauting Gmbh, 8035 Gauting PROCESS FOR DETERMINING THE DIRECTION OF INCIDENCE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC SHEAR VIBRATIONS DUE TO THE PHASE DIFFERENCE OF TWO SPATIAL SEPARATED ANTENNAS WITH ARRANGEMENT FOR PERFORMING THE PROCESS
DE2720222B2 (en) * 1977-05-05 1979-11-22 C. Plath Gmbh Nautisch Elektronische Technik, 2000 Hamburg Method and arrangement for determining the direction of incidence of electromagnetic waves

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2644158A (en) * 1946-11-06 1953-06-30 Sterling R Thrift Directive antenna system
US3093827A (en) * 1959-12-11 1963-06-11 Douglas N Travers Three loop direction finder antenna for shipboard use
DE1923351B2 (en) * 1969-05-07 1972-01-27 Apparatebau Gauting Gmbh, 8035 Gauting PROCESS FOR DETERMINING THE DIRECTION OF INCIDENCE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC SHEAR VIBRATIONS DUE TO THE PHASE DIFFERENCE OF TWO SPATIAL SEPARATED ANTENNAS WITH ARRANGEMENT FOR PERFORMING THE PROCESS
DE2720222B2 (en) * 1977-05-05 1979-11-22 C. Plath Gmbh Nautisch Elektronische Technik, 2000 Hamburg Method and arrangement for determining the direction of incidence of electromagnetic waves

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
E. KRAMAR: Funksysteme für Ortung und Navigation, 1973, ISBN 3-408-53504-3, Verlag Berliner Union, S.56,57,62-66 *
US-Z: IEEE Trans. on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. AP, 1965, Sept. S. 665-671 *

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Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
OM8 Search report available as to paragraph 43 lit. 1 sentence 1 patent law
8110 Request for examination paragraph 44
8127 New person/name/address of the applicant

Owner name: TELEFUNKEN SYSTEMTECHNIK GMBH, 7900 ULM, DE

8131 Rejection