DE3217756A1 - Apparatus for the production of bodies from highly porous clay (expanded clay) - Google Patents

Abstract

An apparatus for the production of bodies from highly porous clay (expanded clay) or the like, in which spherical of expandable granules on movable grates in a flow chamber are given a temperature treatment by hot gases, is to be arranged so that different shaped bodies of essentially uniform structure can be produced with the smallest possible energy consumption. For this purpose it is envisaged according to the invention that two grates (3,4), spaced one above the other, are formed of individual grate bars (5) arranged one behind the other and provided with mutually facing projections (6); both ends of the bars are respectively guided in two lateral guides which overlap the ends of the bars and extend at a mutual height spacing (A) along at least one flow chamber (2); a feed device (8) for the granules is arranged at the beginning (19) of the flow chamber (2), with its chute (13) ending a little above the lower grate (3). The two grates (3,4) thus formed are displaceable by at least one hydraulic unit (14) along the flow chamber (2) such that at the guide end (18) in each case at least one grate bar (5) is pulled out of the associated guide (6,7) and reinserted between the grate bars (5) at the guide beginning (19) and the pressure portions (15,16) of the hydraulic unit or units (14). <IMAGE>

Description

Device for the production of bodies from highly porous clay

The invention relates to a device for manufacturing bodies Made of highly porous clay (expanded clay) or the like, in which spherical expandable Granules on movable grids in a flow-through chamber of a temperature treatment exposed to hot gases.

In a known device of this type, the grids are parts of a box-shaped form that cover a box frame above and below the orm, the expandable granules being poured into the mold. In this state will the treatment with the hot gases is stopped so that the expansion process takes place, the outward pressures from the side walls of the mold and if necessary, be picked up by covers that are additionally placed on the grids.

In the known device, a flow chamber is provided, in which the hot gases are fed to the mold, with several molds attached to each other nnsc'lschlend be conveyed into and out of the flow-through chamber.

The disadvantage of this known device is that in the Through-flow chamber heated molds after leaving the through-flow chamber to mostly Guides made of metal or steel are conveyed, whereby they are in large quantities the heat added in the flow-through chamber to the lillations. While of their circulation after the removal of the body from the mold and the renewed one Supply in the refilled state to the flow chamber so occur considerable Heat losses.

It is also disadvantageous that it is expensive and difficult to Moldings can be removed from the molds without destroying them, as they are in a pyroplastic state If the bond is good, the moldings are mostly deformed during molding, with a bad bond can be destroyed.

After all, the design of the body is based on the dimensions of the mold bound, so that variations are only possible with considerable effort.

The invention is accordingly based on the object of a device to create the type mentioned, with which it is possible to create different Molded body of largely uniform structure with the lowest possible energy consumption to manufacture.

This requirement is achieved according to the invention in that two at a distance Grids arranged one above the other from individual grids arranged one behind the other facing projections provided grate bars are formed, the two ends of each in two lateral ones, overlapping the rod ends and extending along at least one Guides extending through the flow-through chamber are guided at a tube spacing from one another, wherein a feed device for the granulate is arranged at the beginning of the flow-through chamber is, the chute ends approximately above the lower grate and the two so formed grates by means of at least one hydraulic unit along the flow chamber are displaceable in that at least one grate bar at the leading end the associated guide and pulled out between the grate bars at the beginning of the guide and the pressure parts of the hydraulic unit or units is reinserted.

With such a device it is achieved that between the two Rusting expanded clay bodies of a variable length can be produced as the length of the expanded clay body only of it depends on where the Expandable cord that can be produced with the device according to the invention in the pyroplastic State is cut off.

The individual bars of the grids formed in this way are through in the normal state the hydraulic unit (s) against each other under pressure in the horizontal plane held so that the grids can absorb the pressure generated during expansion. The grids are only briefly relieved during the relocating process in order to to be able to reposition the individual rods, but it has been shown that this can be done without a Driving apart the grate bars is possible.

It is particularly useful when in the device according to the invention several flow chambers arranged one behind the other are provided through which Pass the guides for the grate bars, so that on the one hand longer strands of the material can be formed and on the other hand the flow through and heating of the material can extend over a longer guide path.

This also creates the possibility, in particular, of the swelling behavior of the expanded clay to take into account that this in the end of the guides have a greater height distance from one another than in the initial area. The latter is In particular, it is useful to avoid excessive consolidation or one high To avoid pressure build-up inside the expanded clay, but also to keep it as low as possible specific gravity of the end product.

The device according to the invention offers in particular the advantageous one Possibility that the depth distance between the two guides can be adjusted can, so depending on the type of materials used, a larger one or a smaller start and / or end distance is set between the two guides can be. With lighter materials a smaller distance and with heavier a larger distance come into question.

Since the grate bars between their lateral guides are free between the upper and lower part of a flow-through chamber, it may be useful to Provide supports which are spaced apart and which the central sections the grate bars. These supports can be used in a multi-chamber device be formed by the partition walls between the flow-through chambers, wherein it for sealing between the individual flow chambers can be useful if at least one of the two facing supports adjustable in height is. Since the grate bars move past the supports, it is advantageous if the edges of the supports facing the direction of movement of the grate bars from the guides are angled away so that the grate bars under the supports or between them can slide.

In order to apply the force to the last grate bars by means of the To be able to initiate hydraulic units evenly, it is useful if the Pressure parts are designed in the form of a stiff cross member, on which the im Area of the lateral guides lying ends of the hydraulic unit or units attack. In this way, the possibility is also created that the chute the feed device for the granulate between the two plungers of the hydraulic unit or units can intervene or that the plungers are rod-shaped and through the side areas the chute can be passed through. However, this only applies to the upper hydraulic unit, because the end of the chute facing the grids is above the lower grate.

A relocating device is advantageously provided with which automatically controls the repositioning of the grate bars in the above, depending on the time described manner can be made.

This relocating device expediently knows one outside of the Through-flow chambers running roller guide on which at least two one above the other arranged heat-insulated container for receiving the pulled out grate bars movable are arranged in which the grate bars with the lowest possible heat loss of the end of the grate, which is at the rear in the operating direction, to the start of the grate, on which the Ilydraulikaggregate are located, can be transported. The two containers and their ages can be combined in a common transfer car.

The grate bars are for the purpose of easy interchangeability on theirs the flow-through chambers and / or the guides facing ends with inclined surfaces provided that an impression between the pressure parts of the Iiydraulilcaggregate or on the one hand and the last} grate bars in the guides on the other hand and allow or facilitate the corresponding extraction.

The grate bars are expediently provided with recesses for pulling them out provided, in which hook-shaped drivers or the like of pulling parts of the relocating device intervention.

For the purpose of pulling out and reinserting are at the beginning and at the end of the guides the chamber walls penetrating channels for the extracting and re-inserting grate bars are provided.

As explained above, the chute of the feed device extends to to the lower grate, with the pressure part of the upper grate facing in the operating direction the chute end, so that there are no grate bars of the upper in this area Grate located The pressure part of the upper grate also serves as a cover for the incoming material, it being expedient if a Support is provided for the grate bar or bars to be inserted. These Grate bars therefore place the cover formed by the pressure part itself in it Area continued. In order to is the one assigned to the upper grate Pressure part of the hydraulic unit closer to the Rostendc than that assigned to the lower grate Pressure part, so that the grate bars have to be reinserted in an offset manner. For this Basically, the containers for the upper and lower grate bars are appropriate on the relocating car in their horizontal planes relative to each other arranged.

A cover is expediently at the end of the inclined chute provided, which engages under the pressure part of the upper grate to prevent during the stroke movement of the pressure part parts of the granulate between this and the chute or can get outside.

The grate bars themselves appropriately have a rectangular cross-section and are inserted upright in the guides to close the grate openings achieve, they are provided with spaced projections distributed over their length, those in the case of several grate bars attached to one another, each on the flat rear side of the preceding grate bar. In this way, individual ones are consecutive Created slots that form the grate.

The grate bars are expediently made of a highly heat-resistant one Stole.

During the relocation process, the pressure on the grate bars can also be applied can be reduced in that the lateral guides also the molded body limit on its sides, are horizontally removable from each other.

The mode of operation of the arrangement described is as follows: Before the The two grids at the top and bottom are initially filled with the granulate through the Hydraulic units pushed together so far that they are pressurized against one another stand and between them apart from the slots formed by their projections none leave further openings open.

When moving by means of the hydraulic units in the operating direction the granules in the area of the pressure part are now removed from the lower grate bars and beyond the pressure part of both grate bars above and below and carried along promoted in the manner described by the device.

When the two grids assembled from the individual grate bars due to the lifting movement of the hydraulic unit or units themselves have moved the width of one or more grate bars in the operating direction this process stopped and the transfer car at the end of the tours pulls at least the last two grate bars arranged one above the other by sliding them the two drivers arranged on it out of the guides and into the heat-insulated ones Container into it. The transfer trolley then moves at increased speed to the front, i.e. to the start of the grate, whereupon the driver comes into action again and the two pulled out grate bars in front of the pressure parts of the hydraulic unit or units pushes in. For this purpose, a relative movement must be made during the return movement of the transfer carriage take place between the two containers arranged one above the other; because in the described way is the pressure part assigned to the upper grate closer to the end of the grate than that assigned to the lower grate, and this distance must go through the relative movement between the two containers can be compensated for.

Closes to the through-flow chamber or to a number of through-flow chambers expediently another part of the device, in which a slow one The strand emerging from the flow-through chambers is cooled. The strand emerges from the chambers in a pyroplastic state, in one So state in which it is by no means dimensionally stable. This is useful a channel is provided in the device part, which immediately adjoins the guide channel in the flow-through chambers, with at least one wall this channel can be acted upon by at least one hydraulic unit in such a way that that pressure can be exerted on the exiting strand. This device part can consist of two sections, between which a cutting device for the Strand can be arranged for the purpose of dividing into individual strand sections.

The hydraulic units are used to move the wall (preferably of an upper wall part) and the opening of the channel during insertion of the strand. Then the hydraulic units are reset to the to absorb the pressure occurring during the residual inflation and the final deformation bring about.

The invention is illustrated below using an exemplary embodiment explained in more detail in the drawing.

Fig. 1 shows in a schematic representation in section one with the expansion furnace provided according to the invention.

Fig. 2 is the section II-II of Fig. 1 together with a transfer car.

Fig. 3 shows one of the grate bars in plan view.

FIG. 4 is the view IV-IV according to FIG. 3.

Fig. 5 shows a plan view of an embodiment for a printing part the hydraulic power packs.

Fig. 6 shows an enlarged schematic representation of the invention Device in the area of the Schütte0 Fig. 7 shows a schematic representation device for cooling and separating the strand connected to the expansion furnace.

According to Fig. 1, an expansion furnace 1 is provided, which has a number of having throughflow chambers 2 arranged one behind the other, preferably from below are flowed through by hot gases upwards.

In the furnace, along all of the throughflow chambers 2, two are spaced apart grids 3 and 4 arranged one above the other are provided, which consist of individual grids one behind the other arranged rods 5 are formed, the mutually facing projections 5b (vg1. Figures 3 and 4), so that flow slots between the individual rods for the hot gases are formed.

The two ends of the grate bars 5 are each in two lateral, the rod ends overlapping and extending along the flow-through chambers Guided tours 6 and 7 guided. The guides 6 and 7 have, as shown, one over the length of the through-flow chambers different distance A from one another, which also can be adjustable. As can be seen from FIG. 1, the distance A increases towards the end of the wall of the expansion furnace according to the expansion of the material.

At the entrance of the expansion furnace or the flow-through chamber is a Feed device 8 is provided for the granulate, which is controlled by a flap Overflow opening 9 for excess material and with a sieve 10 for discharge to fine material can be provided. The discharge nozzle 11 is also with a controllable flap 12 closable. The feed device 8 has a chute 13, the end 13a of which ends above the lower grate 3.

In this way, the granules can be applied to the lower grate 3.

The individual grate bars 5 are driven by a hydraulic unit 14 Printing parts i5 and 16 pushed together and moved in the direction of arrows 17. Here is at least one grate bar from the associated at the end 18 of the furnace 1 Guide 6 or 7 pulled out and between the grate bars 5 at the beginning of the guide 19 and the pressure parts 15 and 16 plugged in again. Of course it is possible to move several grate bars of a guide at the same time, with the movement speeds of the grate depends on how many grate bars a guide at the same time be repositioned.

During the Umsteckvorganges the grate bars 5 are briefly from The pressure of the hydraulic unit 14 is relieved in order to carry out the plugging process can.

In the embodiment according to FIG. 1, there are between the individual throughflow chambers 2 partition walls 20 are provided, the lower portions 20a of the support between the lower guides 6 exposed middle sections 5a (see. Fig. 2) in the wall serve area, while the upper wall sections with height-adjustable supports 21 are provided, the direction of movement of the grate bars 5 facing edges 22 are angled.

With corresponding edges 22 supports 23 can be placed on the lower wall sections 20a be provided.

Fig. 2 is the section II-II of FIG. 1 and leaves the two-sided Guides 6 and 7 for the grate bars 5 within the wall 24 of the expansion furnace 1 recognize. In the area of the guide start 19 are in the wall 24 to the outside open insertion channels 25 and 26 are provided through which the grate bars 5 are pulled out or again can be plugged in. Corresponding channels are arranged at the leading end 18 (see FIG. 1).

It can be in this area or over the entire length of the furnace extending the guides 6 and 7 externally delimiting wall sections 24a are provided be that horizontally movable in particular to relieve the guides from each other are removable.

For the purpose of relocating, a relocating carriage 27 is provided, which at least has two thermally insulated containers 28 and 29, which are arranged one above the other and the channels 25 and 26 are assigned.

Since the guide channels 25 and 26 at the beginning of the guide 19 against each other are offset (see. Fig. 1), while at the leading end 18 in a vertical Level one above the other, the relative position of the containers 28 and 29 must be between them both changeover points change accordingly. To this end, the two are Containers 28 and 29 on the transfer carriage 27 perpendicular to the plane of the drawing according to FIG. 2 relatively movable. On the relocating carriage 27 can for simultaneous relocating several grate bars and several thermally insulated containers next to each other, so in egg be arranged rer to the plane perpendicular to the plane of the drawing. The containers 28 and 29 can also be designed 80 that they have several grate bars 5 at the same time can record side by side.

The containers 28 and 29 are arranged on supports, not shown, which in turn are attached to vertical supports 30 on which, as shown, rollers 31 running on upper and lower rails 32 and 33 are mounted.

Rollers 34 can be arranged inside the containers 28 and 29, the easier pulling in and pushing out of the grate bars 5 from the container to serve. For this purpose, schematically indicated drivers 35 can be provided which Push in the grate bars 5 through the channels 25 and 26 or pull them out of them can.

Fig. 3 shows the cross-sectional formation of the grate bars in detail.

As already explained, the individual grate bars have protrusions 5b, while on their opposite side they have a flat surface 36 have, so that the projections 5b always bear against the surface 36 and in the adjacent State a corresponding number of slots formed between two grate bars is. The grate bars are on to make it easier to insert or remove provided at both ends with inclined surfaces 77 and 38, the inclined surface 38 also serves to facilitate the engagement of the driver 35 with a correspondingly assigned inclined surface 39 can be provided. The driver 35 engages with a hook-shaped end 40 in a recess 41 (see. Also Fig. 4) at the end of the grate bar.

Fig. 4 is the view IV-IV of FIG. 3 and leaves in particular the Recognize the position and configuration of the recess 41.

Fig. 5 shows the formation of one of the pressure parts 15 or 16, which of the hydraulic unit 14 are acted upon. The printed part has the shape a traverse, with the ends 42 and 43 according to the arrows 44 the hydraulic unit 14 via corresponding tappets 45 (cf. Figures 1 and 6) can attack. About intermediate pieces 46 is then from the pressure parts 15 and 16 transmit the force to the grate bars 5.

Fig. 6 shows on an enlarged scale and in a schematic representation the device according to the invention in the region of the end of the chute 13. As shown in Fig. 6, the plungers 45 of the pressure parts 15 and 16 can be rod-shaped be, so that in the area of the upper grate, the plunger 45 either through the chute 13 can be passed in the edge areas or that the chute 13 between the plunger 45 of the upper pressure part 16 can engage.

The pressure part 16 of the upper grate serves, as shown, at the same time as a cover for the incoming material, with a support on the pressure part 16 47affor the one or each one stuck grate bar is provided. At the end of Inclined / chute 13, another cover 47 is provided, which the pressure part 16 engages below to prevent that during the lifting movement of the pressure part Parts of the granulate can get between this and the chute or to the outside.

Fig. 7 shows a further device part 48 which is attached to the expansion furnace 1 or is connected to the row of throughflow chambers 2. The channel 49 within of the device part it 48 directly sets the channel 50 between the two grids 3 and 4 (cf. Jig. I). in the device part 48 there is a slow cooling of the strand emerging from the through-flow chambers 2, with the upper wall sections 51 and 52 of the device part 48 by hydraulic units 53 and 54 can be acted upon, so that a pressure is exerted on the exiting during the cooling process Strand can be exercised. The device part 48 is in two device sections 55 and 56 divided, between which a cutting device 57, which also can be actuated by means of a hydraulic unit 58, is arranged. Means the cutting device can divide the emerging strand into individual strand sections be divided.

The hydraulic units 53 and 5 are used in addition to maintenance a certain pressure of the opening of the channel 49 during the insertion of the strand. Then the hydraulic units are reset to the pressure that occurs take up during the residual bloating and bring about the final deformation.

Claims (34)

Claims in the device for the production of bodies from highly porous Clay (expanded clay) or the like, in which spherical expandable granules aui movable grates in a through-flow chamber by means of a temperature treatment Hot gases are exposed, characterized in that two spaced one above the other arranged grids (3, 4) made up of individual ones arranged one behind the other and facing each other Projections (5b) provided grate bars (5) are formed, the two ends of each in two lateral ones, overlapping the rod ends and extending along at least one Durchströmkemmer (2) extending guides guided at a height distance (A) from one another are, wherein a feed device (8) for the granulate at the beginning (19) of the flow chamber (2) is arranged, the chute (13) approximately above the lower grate (3) ends and the two grids formed in this way (3,4) by means of at least one hydraulic unit (14) along the through-flow chamber (2) through it are displaceable that at least one grate bar (5) at the leading end (18) pulled out of the associated guide (6,7) and between the grate bars (5) at the beginning of the guide (19) and the pressure parts (15, 16) of the hydraulic unit or units (14) is plugged in again. 2. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that during during the repositioning process, the grids (3, 4) from the pressure of the hydraulic unit (s) (14) can be relieved for a short time. 3. Apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that several flow chambers (2) arranged one behind the other are provided which the guides (6,7) for the grids (5) pass through. 4. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that dsl3 in the end area of the guides (6, 7) these have a larger hole spacing (A) from one another have than in the initial area. 5. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that that the height distance (A) between the two guides (6,7) is adjustable. 6. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that. that supports (21,23) are provided for the respective central section (5a) of the grate bars (5) are. 7. Apparatus according to claim 6, characterized in that the supports in the case of a multi-chamber device through the partition walls (20,22) between the Through-flow chambers (2) are formed. 8. Apparatus according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that at least one (21) of the two mutually facing supports (21, 23) in height is adjustable. 9. Device according to one of claims 6 to 8, characterized in that that the direction of movement of the grate bars (5) facing edges (22) of the supports are angled away from the guides (6,7). 10. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that that the pressure parts (15, 16) are designed in the form of a rigid cross member. ti. Device according to claim 10, characterized in that the in the area of the lateral guides (6, 7) lying ends (42, 43) of the pressure parts (15,16) attack the hydraulic unit (s). 12. The apparatus according to claim 11, characterized in that the Chute (13) of the feed device (8) between the two plungers (45) of the or the hydraulic units (14) engages. 13. The apparatus according to claim 11, characterized in that the The plunger (45) are rod-shaped and through the side areas of the chute (13) are passed through. 14. The device according to claim i2 or 13, characterized in that that the pressure part (15) of the lower grate (3) against the direction of movement behind the chute is offset, then the chute is only between the tappets (45) of the upper one The pressure part (16) engages or is penetrated by these. 15. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that that a transfer device is provided with which time-dependent controlled automatically the repositioning of the nostrils (5) can be carried out. 16. The device according to claim 15, characterized in that the Transfer device (27) a roller guide running outside of the flow-through chambers (2) (32,33) 17. The device according to claim 16, characterized in that that on the roller guide (32,33) at least two superimposed thermally insulated Containers (28, 29) for receiving the pulled out grate bars (5) are arranged to be movable are. 18. The device according to claim 17, characterized in that the Grate bars (5) in the containers (28,29) with the lowest possible heat loss of the grate end (18) at the rear in the operating direction can be transported to the grate start (19) are. 19. Device according to one of claims 17 or 18, characterized in that that the two containers (28,29) and their brackets (30) to a common transfer car (27) are united. 20. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that that the grate bars (5) at their the throughflow chambers (2) and / or the guides (6,7) facing ends are provided with inclined surfaces (37,38) which are pressed in between the pressure parts (15, 16) of the hydraulic unit or units (14) on the one hand and the last grate bars (5) in the guides (6,7) on the other hand and that allow appropriate pulling out. 21. The device according to claim 20, characterized in that the Grate bars (5) are provided with recesses (41) for pulling out into which hook-shaped Engage drivers (40) or the like of pulling parts (35) of the relocating device (27). 22. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that that at the beginning (19) and at the end (18) of the guides (6,7) the chamber walls (24) penetrating channels (25,26) for those to be pulled out and reinserted Grate bars (5) are provided. 23. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that that the pressure part (16) of the upper grate (4) in the operating direction before the end (13a) the chute (13) lies. 24. The device according to claim 23, characterized in that the Pressure part (16) of the upper grate at the same time as a cover for the incoming Material is used, with a support (47a) for the or the on the pressure part (16) each grate bars (5) to be inserted is provided. 25. Apparatus according to claim 23 or 24, characterized in that that at the start of the grate (19) the insertion channels (25,26) for the grate bars (5) of the upper and lower grate (3,4) offset are arranged against one another and that the containers (28,29) for the upper and lower grate bars (5) on the transfer car (27) are arranged so as to be relatively displaceable in relation to one another in their horizontal planes. 26. Device according to one of claims 23 to 25, characterized in that that at the end (13a) of the inclined chute (13) a cover (47) is provided is, which engages under the pressure part (16) of the upper grate (4). 27. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that that the grate bars (5) have a rectangular cross-section and upright in the Guides (6,7) can be used. 28. The device according to claim 27, characterized in that the Grate bars (5) spaced apart with projections (5b) distributed over their length are, when several grate bars (5) are attached to each other, each on the flat Make contact with the rear side (36) of the preceding grate bar. 29. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that that the grate bars (5) are made of a highly heat-resistant steel. 30. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that that during the relocation process the pressure on the grate bars (5) can thereby be reduced is that the side guides (6,7) are horizontally removable from each other. 31. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that that to the throughflow chamber (2) or to a number of throughflow chambers another Device part (48) is connected, in which a slow cooling of the from the Through-flow chambers (2) exiting strand is made. 32. Apparatus according to claim 31, characterized in that in the Device part. (48) a channel (49) is provided which directly adjoins the guide channel (50) in the flow-through chambers. 33. Apparatus according to claim 32, characterized in that at least a wall of this channel (49) through at least one hydraulic unit (53,54) in this way can be acted upon so that pressure can be exerted on the exiting strand. 34. Device according to one of claims 31 to 33, characterized in that that the device part (8) consists of two sections (55,56), between which a cutting device (57) is arranged for the strand.