DE3216187A1 - Electrical actuating drive for remote control of structural elements - Google Patents

Abstract

An electrical actuating drive for remote control of structural elements, for example windows, by means of a push rod which can be displaced longitudinally, comprises a motor (3) whose rotation direction can be reversed and which drives a worm gear shaft (8) via an epicyclic transmission (4 to 6), which worm gear shaft, for its part, engages with a worm gear (14), the worm gear being supported on a bearing carriage which can be displaced in the axial direction of the worm gear shaft (8) against the influence of compression springs (12). The side of the worm gear (14) opposite the worm gear shaft (8) engages with a rack (15) which represents the push rod for operating the structural element. The arrangement permits energy-destroying absorption of the flywheel energy of the motor (3) into the springs (12) when the rack (15) is blocked. <IMAGE>

Description

Electric actuator ** '""" April 30, 1982

for remote control of components

The invention relates to an electric motor-driven actuator for remote control of components such as windows, Doors, skylights, ventilation flaps or the like. using from and retracting push rod. Practical application examples are shown in the enclosed 7 leaflets, their illustrations however, our servomotors according to GM 70 27 63I and. GM 76 29 585 show.

As can be seen from these application examples, exist for

There are basically two ways to open and close the moveable sash, each of which is shown in the brochure A or B have been identified, analogous to Figures A and B:

A The servomotor engages a commercially available opening fitting (opening scissors), which in turn acts on the sash emotional. The working stroke of the servomotor is perpendicular to the movement of the sash.

B The servomotor engages the leaf to be moved itself on, the working stroke takes place in the direction of the wing movement.

As can easily be seen, the fogging attack requires A. small working stroke and large working force, direct attack B, on the other hand, large working stroke and small working force.

In Figure A, the actuator according to the invention for hardware attack, in Figure B is the actuator according to the invention for Direct attack shown, "explains the associated description the details.

Most of the servomotors on the market work with low voltage direct current (24 V). This offers the following Advantages:

- electrical safety through low voltage

- maximum torque with blocked armature

- Current consumption as a linear function of the torque

- The electrical voltage is accessible to the electronic control

- Batteries can also serve as a power source.

These advantages are also used for the invention, but any other desired electric motor could also be used will.

All electric servomotors require some kind of limit switch, as otherwise the motor would burn out. this is often achieved by limit switches, which interrupt the motor current when a certain position of the output is reached. This travel-dependent shutdown has the following disadvantages:

- the limit switches are only effective when their position is reached, possibly jamming of movement (e.g. a jammed wing) destroy the engine.

- The practically achievable sealing of the wing is unsatisfactory because the engine is shortly before the issue

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of the moving wing must be switched off to avoid damage (think of warping Wooden wing).

- The limit switches must be set after assembly and practical testing. This requires expertise and contains possible errors, an electrical connection is also required, which is often still necessary at the time of installation is not available.

These disadvantages are avoided by a load-dependent shutdown. The criterion used here is not the position reached, but the force emitted, which is the current consumption of the motor (= linear function of the torque) is measured and is interrupted by relays or similar when a nominal value is exceeded will. To do this, the servomotor must be braked, this is the case when it hits the stop at the end of the stroke or with the sash closed completely.

This advantageous principle of switching off the current is also intended to be used for the invention, but it does not include either one Limit switch-off from another power switch via directly measured Downforce (see objective 12).

In order to avoid damage to the gear unit, start-up at / o.a. End stops do not take place abruptly, as otherwise the moment of inertia of the rapidly rotating motor armature affects the reduction gear would destroy. High-speed motors, on the other hand are necessary to keep the engine small.

The known actuators use arranged on the push rod Springs to gently brake the motor armature. These are only effective at the ends of the stroke.

The first aim of the invention was to train this start-up damping so that it absorbs the vibratory energy of the motor at any point of the working stroke and thus consumes energy reliably excludes load peaks in the gear even if the push rod (toothed rack 15) jams suddenly.

This is achieved by arranging the damping springs (12) on both sides of the longitudinally displaceable bearing slide (13) which carries the power-transmitting intermediate gear (14). On the one hand, this is driven as a worm wheel by the worm shaft (8), which is toothed particularly long for the longitudinal displacement of the worm wheel (ik) , and thus forms a reduction gear. The intermediate gear (lk) , on the other hand, drives the rack (15) as a pinion.If this is blocked, the intermediate gear (tk) deviates in the axial direction, tensioning the springs (12) and brakes the worm (8), which in turn is controlled by the gearbox (4 + 5 + 6) brakes the motor (3). The moment of inertia of the motor armature is gradually absorbed by the tensioning compression springs (12). These are designed so that when the toothed rack (15) is blocked, the full torque tensions the springs (12) up to their permissible load. The spring deflection (= approx. 80 % of the spring length) is designed so that the motor is completely braked from max. Speed (= idling) in approx. 1 second.

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Electric actuator

This creates a flexible power coupling between motor and rack, any shock load is absorbed by the energy-absorbing springs.

These springs (12) can be designed as rubber, helical or disc springs. Disc springs have the advantage here needing to be dimensioned only once (see objective 2). They are simply layered for the reduction of 24: 1 (4 + 5) ί designed and are then suitable in terms of spring force and travel for a ratio of 96: 1 (4 + 5 + 6) in four-fold stratification. 1

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The well-known actuators are specially designed for the respective! Purpose A or B built. :

The second aim of the invention was the twofold manufacturing plant- ί avoid witnesses. This is achieved through a universally applicable design. The power transmission through the intermediate gear (14) makes it possible to pass the rack (15) and the support tube (18) under the motor (3) and gear (4 + 5 + 6), j This means that any length of stroke is possible by inserting the:

matching rack length. The necessary adaptation of the!

Manpower is easily possible by inserting or removing ί

let the planetary stage (6). The planetary stages (4) and (5) are for the toy market as series parts made of plastic;

injection-molded, both the outer rings and the loosely inserted cages with the planetary gears around the floating inner gear can in any number and reduction (3: 1 to 6: 1) be strung together. Because the transferable rotation

torque is limited to 0.5 Nm, step (6) must be made in a similar way _: Structure made of metal. In order to obtain spur gears j of the same size, it is advisable to select a reduction ratio of 4: 1. j The changes depending on the number of gear stages used. 'The overall length is compensated for by the variable distance between the circuit board (2) and the protective shield (25) on the motor (3).

The known actuators for hardware attack (A) are multiple difficult to use because their width of 50 mm the space available e.g. on the window frame:

exceeds.

The third aim of the invention was to reduce the overall width. This is achieved (35 ram) by using a smaller motor (3) j whose armature rotates faster and has a larger reduction, which is made possible by the improved damping of load peaks (see objective i).

The known actuators have an undesirably large "dead" length (total length - stroke length = l60 mm), because the Damping springs on the push rod go into the length and in many cases the motor is also in extension of the working stroke.

The fourth aim of the invention was to minimize the overall length. This is achieved by consistently arranging the components over the working stroke and the rack guide (17) »as well as by dividing the total reduction into planetary gears (-4 + 5 + 6) and worm gear (8/14), the "dead" length is 90 mm.

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The known actuators often have the motor axis perpendicular to the push rod axis.

The fifth aim of the invention was this unsightly arrangement to be replaced by a smooth-surfaced design. This is achieved by arranging the motor (3) and gearbox (4 + 5 + 6) axially parallel to the rack (l5) over the support tube (18) and by covering the "technology" with the cover (23). the The favorable design allows the cover hood (23) to be designed as a flat bevelled part. This turns the actuator as a compact, smooth-surfaced rectangular block.

The well-known actuators achieve that for faultless Sealing required contact pressure of the movable wing in the closed state only by the more or less random Deformability of the suspension points on the component. The sixth aim of the invention was to make the wing automatic and forcibly to hold shut with a predetermined force. This is achieved by tensioning the springs (12) after the Wing through the worm drive (8/14). Since this is self-locking, the preload force remains on the rack (15) and thus retain the wing even after the engine has been switched off. The double spring travel acting on the rack is the same in doing so, possible shifts in position (e.g. thermally caused) and avoids load peaks in the suspension and transmission.

The known actuators provide a target distance for assembly Output eye / drive suspension in front. This must be precisely adhered to through careful assembly or subsequent adjustment on the one hand to close the wing completely and on the other hand to reduce the effectiveness of the start-up damping to obtain.

The seventh aim of the invention was to make this precise assembly superfluous close. This is achieved by the start-up damping that is effective at any point on the stroke. The actuator can therefore be installed without any worries and without being damaged.

The known actuators have fixed end stops to limit the working stroke.

The eighth aim of the invention was to be able to adjust the working stroke exactly to the required length. This is achieved through Moving and locking the adjusting ring (i6) on the rack (15)

The known actuators must fully extend their working stroke so that the start-up damping can take effect. The ninth aim of the invention was to be able to perform a partial stroke between externally specified attachment points. This is achieved by the effective start-up everywhere and by performing attenuation of the rack ^fl ls rotating round part (15) with circumferential toothing. Any operating point can be reached by simply screwing it in and out. As turned parts, the rack (15) and the guide (17) are more economical to manufacture than milled rectangular cross-sections.

Electric actuator.

The known actuators often have predetermined suspension points for assembly, which is made more difficult. The tenth aim of the invention was to get the drive anywhere Being able to hang up is achieved by training the Protective tube as a stable support tube (18) that can be used for suspension at any point, e.g. through the Bores (20) or (21).

The known actuators often use a relay that switches at a predefined nominal current with subsequent self-holding to switch off the motor. In order to ensure safe shutdown, this switching current may only be approx. 50% of the maximum motor current, because a safety reserve must remain for undervoltage of the power source, cable losses, component tolerances, motor heating, etc.

Eleventh aim of the invention was to get the full torque of the maximum To be able to use motor current (with stationary armature). This is achieved by switching off via PTC thermistors according to the following circuit diagram:

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The breakover current of the PTC thermistor is approx. 50 $ of the maximum motor current. The "normal" working stroke takes place with less power consumption. The PTC thermistor is wrapped in rubber thermally inert and therefore only after approx. OK, see high resistance, during this time the full torque is available (e.g. for starting up or pulling away a sash). After "switching", the PTC thermistor remains high-resistance due to its own heating and thereby limits the motor current to a permanently acceptable level Verte (approx. 30 niA), which only heat the engine by approx. 6 C. However, this assumes that the PTC thermistor does not additionally heat the motor via the air space. To prevent this, its power loss (approx. 0.8 W) is dissipated via the circuit board (2) on which the circuit is soldered and the Motor (3) covered with a heat shield (25) that directly is soldered to the power supply connector and also carries the radio interference suppression. It fills the space between the cover hood (23) and support tube (18) completely and acts as thermal insulation. The circuit board (2) also serves as a housing closure, the terminal strip (l) soldered into it is used for power supply. It is screwed onto the support tube (18) and holds the circuit board (2) via its soldering pins.

The known actuators use either the position reached as a criterion for the limit switch-off (this leads to bad closing pressure) or the stroke intake as a function the power output. This has the following disadvantages:

- The efficiency of the engine and gearbox is also measured

- The shutdown must contain a time delay in order to bridge the high initial current.

Electric actuator

This is problem-free at the beginning of the stroke, but at the end of the stroke, in During this time, the full force is effective (and the moment of inertia of the motor armature), which must be taken up by the suspension points on the structural element. These are duplicated with this one Force often overwhelmed.

The twelfth aim of the invention was to eliminate the disadvantages of path and current dependent To be able to avoid limit switch-off. This was achieved through the ability to measure the force delivered directly via the longitudinal displacement of the bearing slide (13) against the springs (12). For this purpose (not shown in the figures) attached to the upper - free - spacer sleeves (il) limit switch, which are switched by the bearing slide (13). If these are attached so they can be moved, as usual, can be lovingly small forces are switched off. This can be set separately for forward and reverse. So that even after switching off If the motor armature still continues to run does not increase the output force, it will be short-circuited when it is switched off and through the resulting eddy current brake is braked.

The known actuators can often only be used indoors.

The thirteenth aim of the invention was to design the actuator so that it could be made weatherproof with simple means. This is achieved by a suitable choice of material in the driven part (9-24) and the surrounding cover (23) riveted to the support tube (18). To seal the joints around the bearing block (9) and the circuit board (2) against the cover (23) and support tube (18) are sealed with permanently elastic p [itt. The motor shutdown via PTC thermistors is low-resistance and therefore insensitive to leakage currents caused by condensation, the terminal strip (l) can remain unprotected due to the low voltage used. Otherwise, all parts "} are corrosion-proof (see description), penetrating water does not hinder the function, the rack (l5) / guide (17) fit adequately protects against penetrating foreign bodies ^.: '·

Description of the steep drive * X-ujid-'ß 9? 1R1fi7

This description applies to figure A and B, although these differ in some dimensions and details, which, however, are not essential for design and function. The construction of Figure B is only cheaper to manufacture.

Figure A shows the actuator in section and top view to operate an opener fitting with 100 kp Adjustment force and 100 mm working stroke.

Figure B shows the actuator in view and plan view for direct attack with 25 kp adjusting force and 500 mm stroke.

At the 2-pole terminal strip 1 there is a direct voltage of 2k V, which via the motor protection 2 (= shutdown) causes the motor 3 (collector motor with permanent magnet) to run clockwise or counterclockwise depending on the polarity. The motor shaft drives the coaxially arranged (reduction) planetary gear k, the outer ring of which is screwed to the end shield of the motor 3. The planetary cage of the gear k drives the planetary gear 5 on the same axis. The planetary gears h and 5 are designed as stackable stages and are available as commercial goods (Delrin molded parts) with gear ratios 3: 1 to 6: 1. The 3-armed coupling fork 7 drives the planetary gear 6, which is constructed similarly to stages h and 5, but is made of metal. The entire reduction gear 4 + 5 + 6 with the motor 3 screwed to it is flanged to the bearing block 9 (aluminum) with through screws. The worm shaft 8 (steel, hardened) is driven via the coupling fork 7 (steel). This is mounted radially and axially in the bearing block 9 and radially in the bearing block (aluminum). The bearing blocks 9 and Io are fixed to one another by means of the spacer sleeves 11 (steel) and their internal screws. The k coil springs 12 (steel) laterally support the bearing slide 13 (brass) which can be displaced on the lower spacer sleeves 11. The worm wheel Ik (steel, hardened) is rotatably mounted (needle bearing) on the journal of the bearing slide 13 and meshes with the worm 8 on the one hand and with the rack 15 (aluminum, round, modular thread) on the other The end stop is the adjustable ring l6 (aluminum with cross screw), with which the total stroke of the drive can be adjusted. The rack 15 is slidably mounted in the guide 17 (Delrin). The rack guide 17 is screwed to the bearing blocks 9 and Io (aluminum) and in turn fastened to the support tube 18 (aluminum) with screws. As an output, the rack 15 has an eyebolt 19 (galvanized steel) with lock nut and washer (as an end stop). The complete lifting drive A can be mounted on the component to be operated through the screw holes 2o When mounting as a direct drive (B), the pins of a bracket grip into the holes 21 for the swiveling suspension. The front plate 22 (aluminum) is screwed to the bearing block Io and holds the bearing bush (Delrin) in the bearing block Io and covers the drive to the front. The cover 23 (aluminum) is riveted onto the support tube 18 and serves to protect and embellish the lifting drive.

Claims (14)

D-8023 Munich-Pullach. Wi ^ i: Slr.32: .T ^. (08957533071; Jh \ 6x 52.12147 bros d; Cables: .Patentlbus "Mönchen • •" "♦ β- ·« "." 5 / η η / "Heinz Stöhr, Wo'tfr'ätshaüseS 'Str \" T50 April 30th 1982 claims for protection 1. Electric shear '"actuator for remote control of components by means of a longitudinally displaceable push rod, driven by a reversible gear motor, as fixed or swiveling mountable structural unit, characterized in that the ¥ elle of the motor (3) is an axially aligned, stepwise stackable, Drives planetary gear (4 + 5 + 6), which drives the axially and radially mounted worm shaft (8) via the coupling fork (7) in the bearing blocks (9, 10), which meshes with the worm wheel (14), which is rotatably mounted in the bearing slide (13), the one on the spacer sleeves (ll) parallel to the screw axis is displaceably mounted and on both sides by compression springs (12) is supported, the worm wheel (14) with the axis parallel to the motor shaft, meshes with the rack (15) passing under the engine and gearbox, has the round cross-section and circumferential toothing and is longitudinally displaceable between the stops l6 and 19 in the Guide (17) is mounted, with the support tube (18) surrounding the rack and the is screwed together with screws through the spacer sleeves (ll), bearing blocks (lO) and (9), on which the planetary gear (4 + 5 + 6) is screwed to the motor (3), whose connections carry the heat shield (25) which is symmetrical to the motor shaft and which is congruent with the bearing blocks (9, 10) in axial projection, which is electrically conductive and congruent with the axis projection, the circuit board (2) carrying the motor shutdown is connected, whose soldered-on terminal strip (l) is screwed to the support tube (18), and together with this, the cover (23) and the front panel (22) forms a closed housing * 2. Actuator according to claim 1, characterized in that the motor (3) is flanged to the bearing block (9) via one or more independent stages of the planetary gear (4-6) ^: and the drive connection between as a reduction gear Motor (3) and worm shaft (8) produces. 3- actuator according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that that the Schneekenrad (14) lies between the worm shaft (8) and the rack (15) and meshes with both at the same time. k. Actuator according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the bearing slide (15) carrying the worm wheel is supported only by springs (12) counteracting its possible displacement in the direction of the bearing blocks (9) and (10). 5. Actuator according to claim 1, 2, 3 or 4, characterized in that that the compression springs (12) are calibrated so that they can see the motor (3) in about 1 second when the rack (15) is blocked brake to a standstill. 6. Actuator according to claim 1, 2, 33 or 5, characterized in that that the rack (l5) is carried out under the motor (3) and gear (4 + 5 + 6). 7. Actuator according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6, characterized in that that the rack (l5) has a round cross-section and circumferential teeth. 8. Actuator according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7, characterized in that the support tube (18) is made sufficiently stable is to apply the forces of the mounting suspension from any point via the screw connection to the rack guide (17) to transfer. 9. Actuator according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8, characterized characterized in that the guide (17) is screwed to the bearing blocks (9, 10) so stable. that the forces of the rack / Pinion meshing (15/14) and the end stops (16, 19) aufeaoir.men -will. 10. Actuator according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9, characterized in that the bearing blocks (9) and (iO) are so stable with one another by means of screws through the spacer sleeves (il) are screwed so that the forces of the springs (12) and the worm drive (8/14) are absorbed. 11. Actuator according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10, characterized in that a heat shield (25) is arranged between the motor (3) and the printed circuit board (2). 12. Actuator according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 or 11, characterized in that on one of the spacer sleeves (ll) two limit switches are arranged so that they are actuated by the bearing slide (13). 13. Actuator according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, Ii or 12, characterized in that the opening between the cover hood (23) and the support tube (l8) is closed by the printed circuit board (2) we4. 14. Actuator according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 or 13, characterized in that the cover (23) is designed to be unwound and on the support tube (18), the bearing blocks (9, 10), the heat shield (25) and the circuit board (2).