DE3145547C2 - Mat for absorbing organic liquids, preferably oil - Google Patents

Abstract

According to the invention, a mat which absorbs oil or organic liquids is proposed, the special feature of which is that it has a core made of closed-cell foam material which is provided on one or both sides with a fleece made of synthetic fibers. In this way you get a good buoyancy with at the same time still sufficient absorption capacity for oil or other organic liquids. To produce such a mat, it is provided that the fleece layers are needle-punched onto the foam core and then the resulting layer structure is subjected to a heat treatment up to the beginning of the thermoplastic area of the foam or the fibers, with a calender treatment also being provided.

Description

The invention relates to a mat for absorbing organic liquids floating on a water surface, in particular oil, consisting of a mat that absorbs the organic liquid; A fleece made of synthetic fibers that is bonded to a floating body that has a closed surface and does not absorb water. The term "mat" also refers to a structure that is relatively thick, but only has a small surface area, for example in the form of a ban

of the or strip.

A mat of this type has become known from US Pat. No. 4,052,306.

Such mats are stretched out by means of ropes, for example, between ships or other holding elements. With such a procedure there are certain limitations in the possible uses. For example In the case of gaps between ships, there must always be at least two ships, the one must keep a certain mutual distance. This prepares especially when the swell is high u. b. considerable difficulties and requires the use to be correspondingly stronger and thus also more difficult Ropes, which in turn leads to a drop the fleece that absorbs the oil must be counted under the surface of the water. Even at higher levels There is a considerable risk of swell. that the fleece web is not flawlessly on the water surface floats

Are floating bodies used, which are attached to the oil-absorbing Medium are attached, there may be significant deficiencies in terms of stability, because the connection between the oil-absorbing medium and the floating bodies must be designed accordingly got to. to prevent the floats from tearing off. Furthermore, the handling prepares such

. oil-absorbing mats Difficulty because yes with When installing the mats care must be taken that the float and the mat are in are in the correct mutual position.

The invention is now based on the object of improving the stability of a mat of the type mentioned at the beginning and of making it easier to handle.
To achieve this object, the aforementioned mat is designed so that the floating body extends over the entire mat surface and is covered at least on one side by the fleece

While it has thus far been assumed that in order to have the greatest possible receptivity for Ö! or dg !.

to achieve the mat should consist entirely of fleece made of synthetic fibers, is according to the invention proposed to provide only one fleece outer layer which has a closed surface and does not cover any water-absorbing float by using such Floating body can keep the specific weight of the mat so low that it can be used under all conditions is perfectly buoyant. Nevertheless, there is still a sufficient capacity to absorb or-

Ganic liquids, especially oil, achieved which is probably due to the fact that the deposition of the Oil or organic liquids generally only occur in the outer layers of the fleece anyway, because when they are loaded with oil or the like, further penetration into the interior of the mats in the known Mats produced very slowly.

A major advantage of the mat according to the invention over the known procedure is that the oil-absorbing medium and the floating body are virtually in one piece. This yields a very high stability of the mat, thereby ensuring, ¹ to float properly on the surface even in disturbed water and not iris' specific must be equitable advised so that it eventually falls below the surface of the water, in which case even the The suction effect for the organic liquid could be impaired. Furthermore, a significant advantage of the mats according to the invention is

in seeing that they are very easy to use because you only have to bend a sheet-like, one-piece element, so that it is not necessary. for example Pay attention to the exact alignment of floats and oil-absorbent material. Usually you can just roll the mat according to the invention in and out in a simple manner.

Since the mat according to the invention always floats on the water surface, it can easily be removed and squeezed out to remove the oil or organic liquid, and then immediately is operational again.

The fleece can enclose the float on one side or on all sides. Generally one gets training choose so that the float is covered on all sides with the fleece made of synthetic fibers.

In order to achieve a sufficient buoyancy of the mat, the specific weight should according to the invention of the float must be so low that it has a lifting force of at least 5 N. vcv preferably about 10 N per liter of the floating body volume.

The float can be made of different materials exist. For reasons of simple production and handling, however, it is particularly advantageous if it consists of closed-cell foam. Such a material combines good strength with excellent buoyancy and can easily be made to any thickness and density desired will.

The connection of the fleece with the foam floating body is advantageously produced by needlepunching, weii da.sn in e _; <? One work step the solidification of the fleece and at the same time its fixation on the foam floating body can take place.

The foam floating body can be made of different materials, for example polyurethane, Polyester, etc., exist if it is only closed-pore is. It has been found, however, that a foam floating body made of polyethylene is particularly advantageous consists.

Another possibility for the formation of the mat is that the floating body is made of a bubble wrap is formed, to which the fleece is glued in a lamination process. Above all, you will get this training choose if a fleece layer is only provided on one side.

In principle, all synthetic fibers can be used to produce the fleece. However, polyolefin fibers, for example polypropylene or polyethylene fibers, are particularly well suited, because even thin fleece layers then have a high oil absorption capacity . This makes the Maxtp easier to use

It is also important that the effective specific surface of the fleece, especially if it is only used in comparatively thin layers, is as high as possible. For this reason, the titer of the fibers of the fleece should be below 20atex, preferably below i / dtex. In contrast, the staple length and, in principle, the cross-sectional shape of the fibers are only of secondary importance. In practice, all fibers that can be processed with conventional textile machines can be used for the fleece.

A particularly high absorption capacity for oil or other organic liquids with a small fleece layer thickness can then be achieved «if the fleece is made of polypropylene splice fibers with a high specific surface area exists A particularly large amount of organic liquid can accumulate on such fibers. The information the titer or the fiber length is hardly possible with such splice fibers, since they are generally not with constant titer b / w. uniform fiber length in the Trade come.

Depending on the particular application of the floating bodies of different thickness can ^aufwe: sen.

According to the invention it is provided that the core is a Has a thickness of 2 to 50 mm. because it still guarantees easy handling with good stability is.

In the same way, the thickness of the fleece applied to one or all sides of the floating body can also vary. According to the invention it is provided that the fleece is applied to the floating body as a layer with a weight per unit area between approximately 20 and 1500 g / m ² , preferably between 50 and 300 g / m ² . In this way, mats with a weight per unit area of between about 160 and 2000 g / m ^{2 are} usually achieved. As already mentioned, the float or fleece thickness depends on the intended use. If only thin oil films are to be removed, it is sufficient to use a fleece with a weight per unit area of 50 g / m ² on each side of the float. If, on the other hand, large amounts are to be absorbed, it is better to provide a fleece with a weight per unit area of 300 g / m ^{2 on} each side of the floating body. Similarly, the thickness of the float serving as the buoyancy body must be specially selected in each case. If there are high flow velocities or strong gradients, it will be advisable to use a floating body with a thickness of about 40 to 50 mm. In standing water, on the other hand, you can work at the lower limit of the area claimed according to the invention, ie at a thickness of about 2 mm for the floating body.

Below are some more examples of the formation of mats according to the invention depending on the intended use, whereby a foam float is provided in each case:

1. Small accidents often occur inland. in which there is only a thin film of oil. For such minor accidents on inland waterways with weak currents, a foam floating body 5 mm thick is sufficient. which is needled on each side with a fleece with a basis weight of 100 g / m ^2. The mat then has a total thickness of about 12 mm.

2. If a thick oil film has to be removed with a weak flow, a mat with a higher one must be used Oil binding capacity can be used. Here goes

¹ W one of a .Sehaumr.foff floating head 'from

also 5 mm thick, which is provided on both sides with a fleece layer with a weight per unit area of about 300 g / m ² . The mat then reaches a total thickness of 20 mm. Compared to the

game ί, the oil risk is significantly improved.

3. For waters with stronger currents a must thicker foam float from both

"For example, a 15 mm thickness is used. If this foam floating body is provided on both sides with a fleece layer with a weight per unit area of 200 g / m ² , an average binding capacity is achieved. The total thickness of the mat is

then carries approx. 25 mm.

4. For rivers with strong currents, for example Mountain rivers, or the use in the sea, a buoyancy body must be used, which also with high waves guarantee perfect swimming. For such cases, for example a foam float with a thickness of 40 mm can be used, with a Fleece with a weight per unit area of 200 g / m2 needled is. The mat constructed in this way has an oil-binding capacity which is sufficient for most applications and a thickness of approx. 50 mm.

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Claims (12)

Patent claims: 1. Mat for recording on a water surface floating organic liquids, especially oil, consisting of one the organic Liquid-absorbing fleece aas synthetic fibers with a closed surface having and no water absorbing floating body is connected, characterized in that that the float extends over the entire mat surface and at least is covered on one side by the fleece 2. Mat according to claim 1, characterized in that that the float is covered on all sides with the fleece 3. Mat according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that that the specific weight of the float is so low that it creates a buoyancy force in water generated by at least 5 N per liter of the float volume. 4. Mat according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the floating body consists of closed-cell foam. 5. Mat according to claim 4, characterized in that that the fleece is connected to the foam floating body by needling 6. Mat according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the foam float from Made of polyethylene. 7. Mat according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the floating body of a bubble film is formed on which the fleece in is glued on during the lamination process. 8. Mat according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fleece is made of polyolein fibers (Polypropylene or polyethylene fibers). 9. Mat according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the titer of the fibers of the fleece below 20 dtex, preferably below 17 dtex, Iiegl. 10. Mat according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fleece made of polypropylene splice fibers with high specific Surface is made 11. Mat according to one of the preceding claims characterized in that the floating body has a thickness of about 2 to 50 mm 12. Mat according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fleece is applied to the floating body as a layer with a basis weight between about 20 and 1500 g / m ² , preferably 5½ and 300 g / m- '.