DE3130813A1 - Device for gasifying coal, in particular charcoal - Google Patents

Abstract

Devices for gasifying coal or charcoal should be compact, of simple construction and operationally reliable and should produce a gas of high calorific value and high flame temperature. In this case, this is achieved by a furnace (1) having a bottom air inlet (2) controlled by a valve (3) and a grate (4) and also, at the upper end, a pivotable cover (7) and an exit gas pipe (6) which is connected to a cyclone filter (8) located inside or outside of the furnace (1) and the lower end (10) of which leads into a water container (9), and is connected at the top via a line (11) to a burner (12). <IMAGE>

Description

The invention relates to a device for gasifying coal

especially of charcoal and for burning the resulting Gases with an optionally switchable burner.

The production of gas from coal or charcoal is known per se A distinction can be made between different processes, such as the Generation of air gas, which is also referred to as lean or lean gas, or the production of water gas, which is also known as rich or strong gas. Mixtures of these gases can also arise, possibly with others contain volatile products.

The generation of air gas or lean gas can be expressed by the following equation be expressed.

C + 1/2 ° 2 CO Since the oxygen comes from the air, carbon monoxide and nitrogen and some impurities are produced from the coal. The fuel gas here is carbon monoxide, which makes up about 20%, with the inert nitrogen having a proportion of about 802. For this reason, the gases produced have only a low calorific value per cubic meter, although they are very easy to generate.

The production of water gas or rich or strong gas is essential more difficult and can be expressed by the following equation.

C + H2 O CO + H2 Carbon monoxide and hydrogen are flammable gases that form what is known as rich gas and do not contain any inert components.

The rich gas has a high calorific value, but is difficult to produce, because this requires high amounts of energy. The lean throttle, however, can be easily generate, but has only a low calorific value. A gas mixture is therefore usually used that produces carbon monoxide, hydrogen and nitrogen, as well as small proportions of others contains volatile substances. The gas mixture produced in this way is usually cooled, whereupon impurities such as tar, ash or the like. to be deposited.

Compared to a combustion of, the cooled gases reach because of their high nitrogen content, only a low flame temperature and one insufficient calorific value.

The object of the invention is to provide a device for gasifying coal, in particular charcoal and to burn the resulting gases to create the is compact and reliable in its dimensions and has a flame temperature and a calorific value can be achieved which corresponds approximately to that of oil.

This is achieved according to the invention by a furnace with a a valve controlled lower air inlet and a grate and a pivotable one Lid and an exhaust pipe at the top, which is connected to an inside or outside of the furnace located cyclone filter is connected, the lower end of which into a The water tank opens and is connected to a burner at the top via a pipe (11) is. An oil line controlled by a valve is preferably on the burner and another air line controlled by a valve is connected.

Of particular benefit are the oven, filter and burner Connected to one another via the gas or air lines in such a way that the generated in the furnace and the gas cleaned in the cyclone filter reaches the burner in a hot state.

Such a device is compact and simple in construction and operationally reliable. The gases generated are not cooled so that no energy is lost. in the In the hot state, volatile substances, vapors or the like are not deposited, but also fed to the burner and increase the calorific value. The burner can in a simple way-switch to oil operation if desired, or the oil operation can switch on, with no special stove or fireplace, or changes to these facilities are necessary. One embodiment of the invention is in following Description explained in detail with reference to the accompanying drawing. This shows a schematic representation of the device, partly in section.

The oven 1 has a grate 4 in the lower part and one underneath Valve 3 controlled air inlet 2. On the grate 4 lies powdered and or granulated Coal 5. In the upper part of the furnace 1, a pipe 6 is provided through which the generated gas is discharged. The pivotable cover 7 closes the upper one Opening of the furnace through which the furnace is filled with powdered and / or granulated, Charcoal packed in sacks can be loaded. The pipeline 6 leads tangentially in a cyclone filter 8 of known type. This can also be arranged inside the furnace be. The gas generated can flow through it at a temperature of around 8000C. This is due to the low density of the expanded hot gases and the unchanged high density of any solids, a high filter efficiency is achieved, which is far above that which can be achieved with cold cleaning of the gas.

Impurities, and in particular ash, generated in the furnace 1 by the Gases are entrained, are separated in the filter 8 and via a to the filter 8 connected pipe 1o deposited on the bottom of a container 9 filled with water.

The cleaned gas is produced with almost no temperature loss, i.e.

without loss of heating energy through a line 11 to the burner mouthpiece 12 headed.

The burner is connected to a fuel oil reservoir via a pipe 13 18 connected. A valve 14 is seated in this.

In addition, a supply line 15 with a valve 16 for the air to Spraying and burning of the oil, provided. The burner therefore has one first air inlet 17 for gas combustion and a second for oil combustion on.

When gas is generated and burned with the device, the valve is 3 opened and the valves 14 and 16 closed.

If, on the other hand, only oil is burned, the valve 3 is closed and valves 14 and 16 open. But it can also use both fuels at the same time are burned, then all three valves must be opened.

The user of the device can therefore at will of one Switch fuel type to the other, or use both at the same time, with only the valves must be converted accordingly.

It should be noted that with the device according to the invention a gas with a high calorific value can be generated, based on the following three points based: aO) The gasification of pulverized or granulated coal allows one more precise control of the gasification, which can take place at a higher speed. In the very compact device, charcoal can be processed very economically can be as all in making the Coal-derived products can be used, with a wide variety of different types of wood Size can be accessed.

b.) The cleaning of the gas with a cyclone filter is very easy and causes a very good cleaning of the gas at high temperatures.

c.) The gas is burned at a high temperature, so only a minimum of energy is lost and a high firing temperature is reached, which can be higher than that of mineral oil.

Profitability calculations have led to the following results, which are especially adapted to Brazilian conditions, but easily Can be converted to other ratios: Usually 1kg of coal equals about 7500 kcal and 1 kg of oil about 3 9600 kcal. With a thinning of 250 m of wood per hectare this results in around 40t of usable charcoal per hectare. This is still with today Expect a 15 to 25% loss, as bark and small twigs cannot be used up to now are. However, because in the device of the present invention, pulverized or granulated Charcoal is used, such waste can also be used, so that with about 50t of usable charcoal per hectare is to be expected. If like in Brazil from eucalyptus forests is assumed, one can conservatively Thinning rhythm for eucalyptus from 7 years old. On the other hand, a barrel makes oil i.e. 159 1 oil with a density of 86 and a calorific value of 9600 kcal 1 312 704 kcal For 1 hectare of eucalyptus per thinning, about 50,000 kg is calculated. x 7500 kcal / kg = 375,000,000 kcal which corresponds to about 375,000,000 = 285 barrels of oil.

1312 704 The current demand for mineral oil in Brazil is about 450,000 barrels per day or 450,000 barrels x 365 days = 164,250,000 per year what can be converted into the required forest area.

164 250,000 barrels / year divided by 285 barrels / hectare 576 315 hectares / year or 5763 km2. Eucalyptus will be thinned every 7 years adhered to, the result is 5763 x 7 = 40 342 km 2 of area to be forested a total area of the country of 8,500,000 km2.

This means that only o, 47% of the land is to be forested or occupied per year with a 7-year cycle only 1/7 of it, i.e.

0 # 07% of the total area are to be forested.

From these figures it is clear that the gasification of charcoal has economic importance and is an alternative source of energy.

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Claims (3)

Device for gasifying coal, in particular charcoal P a t e n t a n s p r ü c h e 1. Device for gasifying coal or charcoal and to burn the resulting gases in connection with an optional one to be switched on oil burner, characterized by a ueben (1) with a, of a valve (3) controlled lower air inlet (2) and a grate (4) and a hinged lid (7) and an exhaust pipe (6) at the upper end, which is connected to an inside or outside of the furnace (1) located cyclone filter (8) is connected, the lower end of which (10) opens into a water tank (9) and at the top via a pipe (11) a burner (12) is connected. 2. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that on the Burner (12) an oil line (13) controlled by a valve (14) and another is connected by a valve (16) controlled air line (15). 3. Apparatus according to claim 1 and 2, characterized in that the furnace (1), the filter (8) and the burner (12) via the gas or air lines (11, 15) are connected to each other so that the generated in the furnace (1) and in the cyclone filter (8) cleaned gas reaches the burner (12) in a hot state.