DE3130075A1 - Sensor for detecting the vibrations occurring in the event of knocking of an internal-combustion engine - Google Patents

Sensor for detecting the vibrations occurring in the event of knocking of an internal-combustion engine

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Publication number
DE3130075A1
DE3130075A1 DE19813130075 DE3130075A DE3130075A1 DE 3130075 A1 DE3130075 A1 DE 3130075A1 DE 19813130075 DE19813130075 DE 19813130075 DE 3130075 A DE3130075 A DE 3130075A DE 3130075 A1 DE3130075 A1 DE 3130075A1
Authority
DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
electrode
knocking
sensor
combustion engine
detecting
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
DE19813130075
Other languages
German (de)
Inventor
Rainer 7143 Vaihingen Bone
Bernward Dr.-Ing. 7140 Ludwigsburg Böning
Rudolf Ing.(grad.) 7144 Asperg Nagel
Franz Dipl.-Ing. 7141 Schwieberdingen Sellmaier
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Priority to DE19813130075 priority Critical patent/DE3130075A1/en
Publication of DE3130075A1 publication Critical patent/DE3130075A1/en
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01LMEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
    • G01L23/00Devices or apparatus for measuring or indicating or recording rapid changes, such as oscillations, in the pressure of steam, gas, or liquid; Indicators for determining work or energy of steam, internal-combustion, or other fluid-pressure engines from the condition of the working fluid
    • G01L23/22Devices or apparatus for measuring or indicating or recording rapid changes, such as oscillations, in the pressure of steam, gas, or liquid; Indicators for determining work or energy of steam, internal-combustion, or other fluid-pressure engines from the condition of the working fluid for detecting or indicating knocks in internal-combustion engines; Units comprising pressure-sensitive members combined with ignitors for firing internal-combustion engines
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01LMEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
    • G01L23/00Devices or apparatus for measuring or indicating or recording rapid changes, such as oscillations, in the pressure of steam, gas, or liquid; Indicators for determining work or energy of steam, internal-combustion, or other fluid-pressure engines from the condition of the working fluid
    • G01L23/22Devices or apparatus for measuring or indicating or recording rapid changes, such as oscillations, in the pressure of steam, gas, or liquid; Indicators for determining work or energy of steam, internal-combustion, or other fluid-pressure engines from the condition of the working fluid for detecting or indicating knocks in internal-combustion engines; Units comprising pressure-sensitive members combined with ignitors for firing internal-combustion engines
    • G01L23/221Devices or apparatus for measuring or indicating or recording rapid changes, such as oscillations, in the pressure of steam, gas, or liquid; Indicators for determining work or energy of steam, internal-combustion, or other fluid-pressure engines from the condition of the working fluid for detecting or indicating knocks in internal-combustion engines; Units comprising pressure-sensitive members combined with ignitors for firing internal-combustion engines for detecting or indicating knocks in internal combustion engines

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Measuring Fluid Pressure (AREA)

Abstract

A sensor is proposed for detecting the vibrations occurring in the event of knocking of an internal-combustion engine and is constructed at the same time as a spark (sparking) plug. It has a pin-shaped centre electrode and a solid electrode which forms the plug housing. The centre electrode is surrounded in an annular manner by the solid electrode and forms an annular gap therewith. Provision is also made of a hook electrode, which is connected to the plug housing and located opposite the end of the centre electrode. <IMAGE>

Description

Sensor zur Erfassung der beim Klopfen einerSensor for detecting the knocking of a

Brennkraftmaschine auftretenden Schwingungen Stand der Technik Die Erfindung geht aus von einem Sensor nach der Gattung des Hauptanspruchs. Es ist bekannt, daß unter bestimmten Betriebsbedingungen einer Brennkraftmaschine das sogenannte Klopfen auftreten kann. Hierunter versteht man Stoßwellen des Kraftstoff-Luft-Gemisches, die sich u.a. als tonfreequente Schwingungen des Motors bemerkbar machen.Internal combustion engine occurring vibrations prior art The The invention is based on a sensor according to the preamble of the main claim. It is known that under certain operating conditions of an internal combustion engine the so-called Knocking can occur. This means shock waves of the fuel-air mixture, which make themselves noticeable as sound-free vibrations of the engine, among other things.

Da mit dem Klopfen in der Regel eine starke thermische Belastung der brennraumseitigen Wandung des Zylinders und des Kolbens einhergeht, wobei Materialabtragungen auftreten können, ist man bestrebt, das Klopfen grundsätzlich zu vermeiden, da es bei längerem AuStreten zu einer Zerstörung der Brennkraftmaschine führen kann. Da man jedoch andererseits bestrebt ist, den bestehenden Arbeitsbereich der Brennkraftmaschine möglichst weitgehend auszunutzen, besteht ein Bedürfnis, das Klopfen der Brennkraftmaschine möglichst frühzeitig und sicher zu erkennen.Since the knocking usually puts a strong thermal load on the wall of the cylinder and the piston on the combustion chamber side, with material erosion can occur, one should try to avoid the knocking because it in the event of prolonged occurrence, this can lead to the destruction of the internal combustion engine. There On the other hand, however, the aim is to use the existing working range of the internal combustion engine To exploit as much as possible, there is a need to prevent the engine knocking to be recognized as early and reliably as possible.

Zur Erkennung des Klopfens im Brennraum sind verschiedene Sensoranordnungen vorgeschlagen worden. So ist beispielsweise in der DE-OS 28 02 202 eine Einrichtung zur Erfassung von Druckschwankungen im Brennraum einer Brennkraftmaschine beschrieben, bei der bereits eine Ionenstrom-Meßstrecke verwendet wird. Diese Meßstrecke wird dabei zwischen einer stiftförmigen, isoliert in der Brennraumwand angeordneten Elektrode und einer weiteren Elektrode z.B. der Brennraumwandung selbst realisiert. Die stiftförmige Elektrode ist dabei in einem "Totraum" angeordnet, der über einen Kanal mit dem Brennraum in Verbindung steht.Various sensor arrangements are used to detect knocking in the combustion chamber has been proposed. For example, in DE-OS 28 02 202 a device for the detection of pressure fluctuations in the combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine, in which an ion current measuring section is already used. This measuring section is thereby between a pin-shaped, insulated electrode arranged in the combustion chamber wall and another electrode, e.g. the combustion chamber wall itself. The pen-shaped one Electrode is arranged in a "dead space", which is connected to the via a channel Combustion chamber is in communication.

Nachteil dieser bekannten Anordnung ist, daß nur ein Teil der Druckschwankungen mit dieser Sensoranordnung erfaßt werden kann. In den Verbindungskanal werden Druckschwankungen erst in Geschwindigkeitsschwankungen umgeformt. Bei einer Anordnung zentral im Brennraum, geht dabei Information über Druckschwankungen verloren, da die Grundwelle und die geradzahligen Oberwellen der Geschwindigkeit keine Druckschwankung in Brennraummitte hervorrufen können.The disadvantage of this known arrangement is that only some of the pressure fluctuations can be detected with this sensor arrangement. There are pressure fluctuations in the connecting duct only transformed into speed fluctuations. In the case of an arrangement centrally in the combustion chamber, information about pressure fluctuations is lost because the fundamental wave and the Even harmonics of the speed, no pressure fluctuation in the middle of the combustion chamber can evoke.

Vorteile der Erfindung Der erfindungsgemäße Sensor mit dem kennzeichnenden Merkmalen des Hauptanspruchs, hat demgegenüber den Vorteil, daß er sowohl die Grundschwingungen und geradzahligen Oberwellen als auch die ungeradzahligen Oberwellen des Drucks erfaßt.Advantages of the invention The sensor according to the invention with the characterizing Features of the main claim, has the advantage that it has both the fundamental vibrations and even harmonics as well as the odd harmonics of pressure recorded.

Zeichnung Der erfindungsgemäße Sensor ist in der Zeichnung dargestellt und wird in der nachfolgenden Beschreibung näher erläutert. Die einzige Figur zeigt eine Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Sensors in einem Schnitt längs der Achse der stiftförmigen Elektrode.Drawing The sensor according to the invention is shown in the drawing and is explained in more detail in the following description. The only figure shows an embodiment of the sensor according to the invention in a section along the axis the pen-shaped electrode.

Beschreibung des Ausführungsbeispiels Der in der Zeichnung dargestellte Sensor ist als Zündkerze ausgebildet und dient gleichzeitig zur Zündung des in den Brennraum der Brennkraftmaschine eingebrachten Betriebsgemisches. Die als Kerzengehäuse 1 dienende Masseelektrode ist ringförmig um das Ende einer stiftförmigen Mittelelektrode 2 herumgezogen und bildet mit ihr einen Ringspalt 3. Dem Ende der stiftförmigen Mittelelektrode 2 gegenüber liegt eine Hakenelektrode 4, die mit dem Kerzengehäuse 1 verbunden ist. Zwischen Kerzenstein 5 und Kerzengehäuse 1 liegt der Totraum 6.Description of the exemplary embodiment The illustrated in the drawing The sensor is designed as a spark plug and is also used to ignite the in the Combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine introduced operating mixture. As a candle housing 1 ground electrode is ring-shaped around the end of a pin-shaped center electrode 2 pulled around and forms an annular gap with it 3. The end of the pin-shaped Center electrode 2 opposite is a hook electrode 4, which is connected to the candle housing 1 is connected. The dead space 6 is located between the plug block 5 and the plug housing 1.

Die Ionenstrom-Meßstrecke wird zwischen der stiftförmigen Mittelelektrode 2 und dem Kerzengehäuse 1 bzw. der Hakenelektrode 4 durch ein Stromversorgungsgerät 7 hergestellt, wie es beispielsweise in der DE-OS 28 02 -202 oder der Patentanmeldung P 30 o6 665 beschrieben ist.The ion current measuring section is between the pin-shaped center electrode 2 and the candle housing 1 or the hook electrode 4 by a power supply device 7 manufactured, for example, in DE-OS 28 02 -202 or the patent application P 30 o6 665 is described.

Schwingungen im Ionenstrom werden durch Druckschwankungen bzw. Geschwindigkeitsschwankungen des Gases hervorgerufen.Oscillations in the ion stream are caused by pressure fluctuations or speed fluctuations caused by the gas.

Der Teil des erfindungsgemäßen Sensors ohne Hakenelektrode 4 entspricht den Ausführungsformen aus der DE-OS 28 02 202, deren Funktion eben da beschrieben ist. Die Druckschwankung wird im Ringspalt 3 in eine Geschwindigkeitsschwankung umgeformt. Die Grundschwingung der Geschwindigkeit weist in der Mitte des Brennraums einen Schwingungsbauch auf, während die Grundschwingung des Drucks einen Knoten aufweist. Ist in dem Fall ohne Hakenelektrode 4 der Sensor zentral im Brennraum abgeordnet, so werden nur die ungeradzahligen Oberwellen der Druckschwingungen erfaßt, da wegen des Schwingungsknotens in Brennraummitte die Grundwelle und die geradzahligen Oberwellen keine Druckschwankungen hervorrufen können.The part of the sensor according to the invention without the hook electrode 4 corresponds the embodiments from DE-OS 28 02 202, the function of which is just described there is. The pressure fluctuation becomes a speed fluctuation in the annular gap 3 reshaped. The fundamental oscillation of the speed points in the middle of the combustion chamber an antinode, while the fundamental oscillation of pressure forms a knot having. In the case without hook electrode 4, the sensor is central in the combustion chamber seconded, only the odd harmonics of the pressure oscillations are recorded, because of the oscillation node in the middle of the combustion chamber, the fundamental wave and the even-numbered ones Harmonics cannot cause pressure fluctuations.

Mit einer zentral im Brennraum angeordneten Serienkerze d.h. einer Kerze ohne Totraum werden demgegenüber nur die Grundschwingungen und die reinen geradzahligen Oberwellen des Drucks mit Hilfe des Ionenstroms gemessen, da sich eine Geschwindigkeitsbauch im Bereich der Ionenstromsonde ausbildet. Die Information der ungeradzahligen Oberwellen geht verloren, da bei ungeradzahligen Oberwellen im Bereich der Ionenstromsonde ein Geschwindigkeitsknoten ausbildet.With a series candle arranged centrally in the combustion chamber, i.e. one In contrast, candles without dead space only produce the basic and pure vibrations even-numbered harmonics of the pressure measured with the help of the ion current, since forms a speed increase in the area of the ion current probe. The information the odd-numbered harmonics is lost because with odd-numbered harmonics forms a velocity node in the area of the ion current probe.

Im vorliegenden Fall ist die Zündkerze sowohl mit Hakenelektrode 4 als auch mit einem Totraumvolumen 6 versehen. Dadurch werden sowohl die Grundwelle als auch die Oberwellen der Druckschwankungen erfaßt.In the present case, the spark plug has both a hook electrode 4 and also provided with a dead space volume 6. This will make both the fundamental as well as the harmonics of the pressure fluctuations.

Der Ringspalt 3 ist so zu dimensionieren, daß keine Pfeifenschwingungen auftreten. Außerdem sollen die Amplituden im Gesamtionenstrom, die von den den Ionenstrom im Ringspalt modulierenden Druckbäuchen vor der Kerze herrühren, etwa so groß sein, wie die von den den Ionenstrom zwischen Mittel- und Hakenelektrode modulierenden Geschwindigkeitsbäuchen abstammenden Amplituden.The annular gap 3 is to be dimensioned so that no pipe vibrations appear. In addition, the amplitudes in the total ion current should be determined by the ion current pressure bulges modulating in the annular gap come from in front of the candle, be about as large as like those of those modulating the ion current between the center and hook electrodes Amplitudes derived from velocity antinodes.

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Claims (1)

Anspruch Sensor zur Erfassung der beim Klopfen einer Brennkraftmaschine auftretenden Schwingungen, der gleichzeitig als Zündkerze ausgebildet ist, mit einer stiftförmigen Mittelelektrode und einer das Kerzengehäuse bildenden Masseelektrode, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Mittelelektrode (2) ringförmig von der Masseelektrode (1) umgeben ist und mit ihr einen Ringspalt (3) bildet und daß zusätzlich eine mit dem Kerzengehäuse (1) verbundene Hakenelektrode (4) vorgesehen ist, die dem Ende der Mittelelektrode (2) gegenüberliegt.Claim sensor for detecting the knocking of an internal combustion engine Occurring vibrations, which is also designed as a spark plug, with a pin-shaped center electrode and a ground electrode forming the plug housing, characterized in that the center electrode (2) is annular from the ground electrode (1) is surrounded and forms an annular gap (3) with it and that in addition one with the plug housing (1) connected hook electrode (4) is provided which the end the center electrode (2) is opposite.
DE19813130075 1981-07-30 1981-07-30 Sensor for detecting the vibrations occurring in the event of knocking of an internal-combustion engine Ceased DE3130075A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19813130075 DE3130075A1 (en) 1981-07-30 1981-07-30 Sensor for detecting the vibrations occurring in the event of knocking of an internal-combustion engine

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19813130075 DE3130075A1 (en) 1981-07-30 1981-07-30 Sensor for detecting the vibrations occurring in the event of knocking of an internal-combustion engine

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DE3130075A1 true DE3130075A1 (en) 1983-02-17

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Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3286164A (en) * 1962-05-18 1966-11-15 Mobil Oil Corp Systems for detection and automatic registration of preignition ionization potentials in internal combustion engines
DE2802202A1 (en) * 1978-01-19 1979-07-26 Bosch Gmbh Robert DEVICE FOR DETERMINING PRESSURE FLUCTUATIONS IN THE COMBUSTION CHAMBER OF A COMBUSTION ENGINE
DE2851075A1 (en) * 1978-11-25 1980-06-04 Bosch Gmbh Robert Pressure fluctuation measurement in engine combustion chambers - using sparking plug with electrode chamber tuned to knocking frequency

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3286164A (en) * 1962-05-18 1966-11-15 Mobil Oil Corp Systems for detection and automatic registration of preignition ionization potentials in internal combustion engines
DE2802202A1 (en) * 1978-01-19 1979-07-26 Bosch Gmbh Robert DEVICE FOR DETERMINING PRESSURE FLUCTUATIONS IN THE COMBUSTION CHAMBER OF A COMBUSTION ENGINE
DE2851075A1 (en) * 1978-11-25 1980-06-04 Bosch Gmbh Robert Pressure fluctuation measurement in engine combustion chambers - using sparking plug with electrode chamber tuned to knocking frequency

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