DE3120472A1 - Sail and reefing system for commercial shipping - Google Patents

Abstract

The total sail area is split up into a rigid portion, the rotatable profiled masts without stays, and semi-rigid, e.g. canvas, sails. The semi-rigid sails are held via end discs - the curvature is preset - fastened to the profiled mast or via booms - the curvature of the sail is adjustable - rotatably mounted on the mast. The reefing or setting of the semi-rigid sail area portion can be infinitely varied in each case via a reefing device arranged in the profiled mast. The reefing and setting of the semi-rigid sail area portion, the setting of the total sail area and the slewing of the booms can be effected automatically, i.e. automatic operation of the sails can be realised. Very high efficiency of the sails on all courses to the wind as well as a high degree of security and operational readiness distinguish the developed sail and reefing system. Depending on the requirements, it can be used as an auxiliary or main drive.

Description

Peter Fuhrmeister "^ *

Sail and esseff system for commercial shipping The invention relates to a sailing and reefing system for commercial shipping with a given or »freely adjustable curvature of the sail, the reefing and setting of the sail can be done continuously. With this sail and reefing system you can set and reef the sail done automatically .. The automatic functions, such as turning the Profile masts, setting and reefing the sails, pivoting the booms or the power reduction of the main engine (use of the invention as an auxiliary drive) or the switching on or off of a Auxiliary machine (use of the invention as the main drive) takes over a microcomputer that also automatically controls wind direction and wind speed determined.

Especially due to the sharp rise in the share of fuel costs at the total cost is a comeback of the sail drive for professional shipping. a much debated question.

The main suggestions for using the wind to propel ships are:

- Dyna ship

- rotor ship

Ship with rigid profile sails

- Ship with wind propeller acting on the propeller

- Ship with a yacht-like arrangement of sails.

It would go too far at this point. To enumerate the disadvantages of the individual rig gardens, it should only be noted here that the respective ones major disadvantages such as

- poor upwind properties on the Dyna ship

- No reefing possibility on the rotor and professional sailing ship

- Great constructive effort in the wind propeller ship

- Verstagttng disruptive when loading the ship with a yacht-like S ege! Arrangement

be avoided in the sailing and reefing system » The invention is based on the object of a very good propulsion coefficient Can be reached on all courses to the wind and also fast See to enable stepless reefing with the least possible technical effort.

This object is achieved in that the sailing and Reefing system

1.) from a rotatable profile mast with fixed end plates on which Guides, in which the sail is guided and held, attached are, exists.

The reefing takes place via a reefing device arranged in the profile mast, (see sheet 1)

2. ") from a rotatable profile mast with fixed circular profile mast end disks, the outside with guides. Swiveling around the fork trees are stored, are provided, exists. The boom takes on the function of holding the sail, the curvature of the sail is accordingly the course to the V / ind optimally adjustable.

Reefing is made possible by a reefing device arranged in the profile mast. (see sheet 2)

The reefing device arranged in the profile mast consists of a rotatably mounted tube (e.g. in the end cap area) to which the luff of the sail is attached, and of e.g. two reefing (rope engages the circumference of the pipe) or two setting winches (rope engages the Sails on). The tie rod located inside the rotatably mounted tube (it may be omitted) is pretensioned, it prevents the tube from bending too much when the sail is set as a result of the load of the wind pressure on the sail.
The advantages achieved with the invention are:

- very good propulsion coefficient (sail polar) on all courses for wind

- Fast, automatic, stepless reefing or setting of the sail is possible

- No adverse effect on the loading process, the sailing and The reefing system can also be used on a so-called open ship

- only slightly increased air resistance of the entire surface hull when driving under the main or auxiliary machine against the wind (sails are secured in the mast, profile masts are in the direction of the wind posed )

- The sail curvature can be optimally adjusted according to the course to the V / ind (only applies to the embodiment with swiveling Fork trees, see sheet 2)

Description of the embodiment shown on sheet 1

Fig. 1 shows the rotatable profile mast (1) with 25.B. Permanently welded end plates (2), these are provided with guide rails (k)> in which the sail (6) is guided and held.

Fig. 2 shows the profile grid cross-section (1) and the reefing device in haste as well as the end plate (?.) With the guide rails (k) attached to it, for example curved in the shape of a circular arc.

Fig. 3 shows on an enlarged scale the profile mast cross section (1), the lower end plate (2) and the parts inside the mast

the reefing device, for port and starboard bow respectively a sail is necessary, so there are two reefing devices necessary.

A solution with only one sail for port and starboard bow would be possible if a coupling was arranged between the sail and the respective rope (5) operated via the setting winch (10). Fig. 4 shows the guide rail e.g. welded to the end plate (2), /

The end disk function can also take over a thin plate, the guide rails would then have to be on curved supports, these take up the sail pressure instead of the end plate.

Fig. 5 shows the guide rail (4) welded to the end plate and the sail (6) guided or held in it via the cable (5). The sail and rope can be glued together, for example. Function description g
Setting the sail

The sail (6) wound around the rotatably mounted tube (8) is with the rope attached to the sail (5) »the one over the set winch (10) is operated (reefing winch is released), into the respective guide rail ne guided and pulled out of the mast to the desired sail area, then the reefing winch is also set. Recovery of the sail

First the set winch (10) is loosened, now the reefing winch (11) is used to haul in the sail (6), the rope of this reefing winch engages the circumference of the rotatably mounted tube, actuated and the respective sail used (for travel on starboard or port bow) rewound around the rotatable tube located inside the mast »
Remarks

If the very large single sail area is too difficult to control it is possible to divide them into two or more sails, for this purpose three or more "end plates" are attached to them Guide rails necessary.

The end plates can be made narrower than shown in the area of the ship's width (with profiled masts positioned perpendicular to the ship's longitudinal axis) so that there is no disadvantageous impairment of the loading process even with the "open ship" (1) with firmly welded circular profile mast end plates (3) The profile mast end- -.Vl-ri.'o ν YV.i.Ta.-Π .'-! ''.-...·;! Li Ό. ·. · ,; - · ι ί / fi ^; ■ "· ■ ι 'M. I.": Il'. .;. ·.! IC / j i. «4 | # '' .. 'Hti ·

the Eeff device arranged in the mast and the swivel device for swiveling the boom.

Fig. 9 shows a simpler solution for pivoting the boom. Fig.10 shows a narrower construction with which the pivoting process of the boom is possible, for an "open ship" it is no adverse effects on the charging process are to be expected.

Function description
Setting the sail

The sail (4) wound around the rotatably mounted tube (14) is deployed to the desired position with the rope (6) attached to the sail, which is operated via the setting winch (7) (reefing winch is released), then the reefing winch is deployed (10) established. The desired curvature of the sail is set by slackening or tightening the rope operated by the winch. The upper and lower boom can then be swiveled into the respective sail position (on port or starboard bow).
Recovery of the sail

First the set winch (top and bottom) is loosened, now the reefing winch is released (10) actuated to retrieve the sail and thus the sail is rewound onto the tube that is rotatably mounted inside the mast » Remarks

The booms, which can be swiveled on circular paths, allow the sail to be optimally adjusted to the profile mast so that a very large coefficient of lift and thus also the propulsion coefficient is achieved »The boom can also be swiveled with hydraulic controls, for example _#

If the very large sail area requires it, so can the sail be held with more than two booms, with triangular sails a single boom might be used to hold the sail sufficient.

You can constructively ensure that the booms are in the two sail positions (port and starboard bow), e.g. via one or. disengageable bolts.

There is also the option of moving the boom around the lower cross-section of the mast (this is elliptical or circular) to be arranged pivotably so that the lower pivot construction is even narrower than in FIG. 10 shown can be carried out (important for use on "open ship").

The pair of slewing winches arranged outside the inside of the mast in FIG. 9 can also be installed inside the profile mast. Between the two "legs" of the boom, for example, canvas can be placed be set so that a certain endschexben effect (sail polar becomes steeper and therefore cheaper).

With more or less additional® design effort, the Possibility to use the swiveling lower booms as loading gear to use.

"The Future of Commercial Sail" Royal Institution of Naval Architects, Occasional Publication (1976) "World§ first commercial sailing ship"' ι Zosen (9/80) "So much wind and no sails?" Schiffahrt international (6/80) "Freighter under sails - not an issue in Germany" ScMff & Hafen (12/80) "The cargo ship of the future" Drive (6/80)

"Sailing Theory and Practice" Marehaj, CA., Dood Mead and Company (I96if) "Wind tunnel examinations of a sailing yacht" B.Wagner and P.Boese, Schiff & Hafen (9/68)

Designations for the individual parts of the sailing and reefing system shown on sheet 1

Part No. Description, remarks

1 rotatable profile mast

2 end plate

3 stiffener for end plate

4 curved guide rails

5 rope, attacking the sail

6 sails

7 Drawbar, it is pre-tensioned

8 tube with the luff of the sail attached to it

9 pulley

Setting winch, actuates part 5 reefing winch, its rope engages the circumference of the pipe (8) Rope, sheet metal reinforcements attacking the pipe circumference, may not be required

^: .- :. r .:. 3120472 Designations for the individual parts of the

Sail and reef systems

Part KTr. Designation, remarks

1 rotatable profile mast

2 boom

3 Profile mast end plate with externally attached circular guide it sails

5 pulley

6 rope

7 winch

8 sliding pieces

9 ring gear

10 reefing winch

11 swing winch

12 chain

13 Drive wheel for swiveling the boom

■ H tube, the luff of the sail is attached to this

15 drawbar

16 sheet metal reinforcements 1?, 18 pairs of pivoting winches

19 boom intermediate supports

20 bolts

21.2; ·! Solle, Ubor Schwenltwlndi-npanr botätLgt

Claims (2)

Claims ·. Sailing and reefing system for commercial shipping with a given or .. adjustable curvature of the sail with reefing and setting of the sail can be carried out continuously and automatically, characterized in that the sail and reefing system consists of one rotatable profile mast, consisting of two (one or more) end plates attached to the profile mast, on which guide rails are used for holding and guiding the sail are attached, and from one inside the profiled mast arranged reefing device consists or .. characterized in that the sailing and reefing system from one rotatable profile mast, consisting of two (one or more) circular guides attached to the profile mast or the lower mast cross-section, around the each a boom for holding and adjusting the sail is pivotably arranged, and one mounted in the profile mast inside Reefing device consists 2 .. sailing and reefing system according to claim 1 characterized in that the reefing device consists essentially of a rotatably mounted tube, the luff of the sail is attached to the tube, made of a tension rod located inside the tube and from two (one or more) jig winches (the rope operated with it engages the sail) and from two (one or more) reefing winches (the rope operated with it engages the circumference of the rotatably mounted tube) and characterized in that the pivoting device is for pivoting The Gabe! trees are located inside the mast or on the mast.