DE311813C - - Google Patents

Description

ISSUED APRIL 25, 1919

- JVi 3Γ1813 -

CLASS 14c GROUP

The invention relates to steam and

Gas turbines with radial admission and counter-rotating wheel sets, and has the purpose of To make turbines of this type reversible.

Axial turbines> are < already known at world

■ the reversibility by means of a special achsiale'n scooping is achieved outside of that provided for forward gear axial system is arranged.

ίο A turbine of this type contains two Shovel systems that run in opposite directions and. with different Steam supply pipes are provided. Execution of a reversible axial viewing

Felsystems therefore offers _: no practical difficulties. In a radial turbine, on the other hand, the use of a de-.

speaking arrangement, of two radially

^;: Whipped shovel systems lead to a practically inexpedient construction method, both in technical and economic terms, due to the difficulty of the steam supply and removal. According to the present invention, these difficulties are eliminated in that the backward blades are arranged as an axial blade system arranged outside the radial system. With such an arrangement, it is possible to achieve an appropriate distribution of the steam and a good steam economy. achieve.

If one assumes that the power requirement for withdrawn the decline by means of a single blade ring on the turbine disk '/ becomes, which is preferable for structural reasons, the blades must be in a relative large radial spacings are arranged, a greater peripheral speed results than is desirable. At the same time, the inner scooping gets more Space / whereby the steam flow is better used for the forward gear. ■■■■:

The. Blading, for A ^ orwärtsgang: can either radially or they can both radially be .as axially / The latter - arrangement is preferable because of the 'difficulties, the execution of a' ■ '■ radial blade system with blade rings of large diameter and even.-,. because of the possibility of assembling this axial blade with the also axial backward blade in such a way that the blades of the two systems are arranged on the same ring, the backward blades being the outer ones. This _{: the} embodiment of the turbine therefore shows the advantage of combining a practical design with the possibility of fully utilizing the steam when moving forward. Furthermore, the blades must be arranged at a sufficient radial distance from the center;

his / around. a beneficial effect also with To achieve decline.

Embodiments of the invention are. shown in the drawing.
Fig · ϊ is a longitudinal section.

Fig. 2 is a detail of a modified embodiment, the backward paddling, which is provided with a plurality of vane rings, and

ίο Fig. 3 shows a further embodiment.

In Fig. R, α is the turbine casing, and b, b ¹ -are the shafts of the two impellers c, c ¹ enclosed in the casing.

The vane wheels are provided with a common radial vane system / and two separate axial vane systems h, k and h ¹ , k ¹ , these radial and axial systems interacting when the two turbine disks rotate in opposite directions when moving forward. The steam flows through the tubes d, d ¹ and flows from an inner furnace through the radially acted and then through the axially acted vane system mentioned above. Upon leaving the radial system is ^1, the vapor stream by a ring g of V-shaped cross sections of split, the k is the fixed vanes, · k ¹ carries said axial system.

Outside the axial system h, k and h ¹ , k ^{1, there} are two axial blade systems m, η and m ^% , n ¹ , which are intended for the decline. The latter vane systems are fed with steam through a line p , and an annular chamber 0 is connected to the housing α by means of an elastic fastening q so that this steam chamber and the housing can expand and contract independently of one another. The flexible connection between this chamber and the housing can also be achieved in other ways. ·. .

The rotating blades h, m and H ¹ ^ m ¹ . of the axial system are expediently arranged on the same blade rings that with; an intermediate ring I and I ¹ , respectively, are provided to support the outer blades. , The stationary guide vanes

. ■ n, n ¹ sit at one end of the least ring g, while a cylindrical ring s forms the outer end of the steam chamber 0 at the other end.

The steam chamber 0 can also be divided into two parts with different steam supply tubes. be disassembled so that the two wheels can be driven independently.

Each \ vane h of the inner system forms a whole with the corresponding vane w. Of the outer system, which is why the intermediate ring I, I ¹ can be neglected. Each such pair of blades can e.g. B. consist of a blade piece by placing the outer part in relation to the inner. Parts is twisted in such a way that the outer part gets the position necessary for the decline. To conclude between the two vane systems, instead of the vane ring I, an appropriate projection or ring can be arranged on the vanes.

According to the embodiment shown in Fig. 2, the backward blades consist of each two fixed and two rotating blade rings that are interconnected. These Arrangement causes the power and the efficiency at the decline of the turbine be enlarged. Any number of paddle rings can be placed on this: any number you want Way to be turned on.

In the in Fig. 3. The embodiment shown, the backward blades are provided with a steam distributor ν , whereby the steam is forced to go in series through the two outer blade systems, the purpose of which is to increase the performance. The distributor consists of an inner and an outer annular chamber 0 and u, ^{which are connected to one} another 1 by the two blade systems' » ¹ , m 1. The steam passes through the line p into the inner chamber 0 and first passes through the paddle system n ¹ , m ¹ and then via the outer chamber u through the paddle system n, m. The distributor ν is resilient in the manner described above with the Housing connected.

Claims (8)

Patent-to sayings: 1. Reversible steam or gas turbine with two counter-rotating wheels, characterized in that each impeller (.C ₁ c ¹ ) apart from the interlocking, radially acted upon blade rings (/, /) independently acting, axially acted upon blade systems (h, h ¹ , m, fn ¹ ) with fixed Leitäpparaten (fe, k ¹ , n, n ¹ ) , one of which (h, h ¹ ) receive the steam from the radially loaded blades and act in the same direction of rotation as these, while the other im, m ^% ) are fed by a separate steam stream and cause the turbine to reverse. 2. Steam or gas turbine according to claim i, characterized in that each blade of the inner axially acted upon systems (h, h ¹ ) is made in one piece with the corresponding blade of the outer systems in, m ¹ ) . 3 · Steam or gas turbine according to claim i, characterized in that two inner, radially loaded, opposing blade rings (/, f) are provided for the forward gear and two corresponding outer axially loaded blade systems (m, m ¹ ) are provided for the reverse gear of the turbine, with a ίο steam distributor (o) with fixed guide devices (n, n ¹ ) being provided between the two axially loaded systems. 4. Embodiment according to claim 1, characterized in that a special steam line is provided for each of the two axially acted upon blade systems (», m ¹ ) . _: 5. Embodiment, according to claim 1 '■' and 3, characterized in that two steam chambers (0, u), which are connected to one another via one of the two axial systems (m, W ¹ ), are provided. : ■ 1 6. Embodiment according to claim 5, characterized in that the steam feed line for the reverse gear is connected to the inner chamber (0) and the steam escaping from this via the one shovel system (m ¹ ) is connected to the outer with the shovel system (m) Chamber (w) arrives. .7. In the case of a steam or gas turbine according to claims 1 to 6, the arrangement a steam distributor for the outer axial vane system (s). 8. In a steam or gas turbine according to claim 7, the arrangement that the Distributor is resiliently connected to the housing. 1 sheet of drawings.