DE3115805A1 - Method for automatic load switching, and an automatic load switch for carrying it out - Google Patents

Description

Applicant and inventor:

1. Igor Mildiailovic'ri Kruglyansky, Engineer, USSR, Moscow, Pribrezhny proezd 10, corpus 1, kv.

2. Galina Sergeevna Medvedeva, engineer, USSR, Moscow, 2-aya Sinichkina ulica 26, kv.

3. Petr Dmitrievich Andrienko, engineer, USSR, Zaporozhie, ulica ITovgorodskaya 5, kv.

4. Stanislav Fedorovich Buryak, engineer, USSR, Zaporozhie, ulica G-udimenko 9, kv.

5. Alexandr Petrovich Zamula, Engineer, USSR, Zaporozhie, ulica Eivashko 42, kv.

^: .. ^: "■ '"'.: · .:. 31158O5

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description

The present invention relates to electrical engineering, in particular Process for automatic switching and automatic load switches for their implementation.

The present invention can be used successfully to protect loads that are sensitive to overloads, especially thyristor converters, can be used.

The modern development of electrical engineering is characterized by a rapid development in power converter technology. The converter devices made up of semiconductor components - thyristors and diodes are very sensitive to '"" overloads, and their protection requires automatic switches that have a very high quick action and current-limiting capability exhibit.

It is a method for automatic load switching (see for example the SU copyright certificate N. 296172, class HO1H73 / 38.6H, No. 8, 1971) by letting the main current pass through a contact system to generate electrodynamic forces that open the contacts of at least one contact pair of the contact system, Emergency notification and generation of mechanical forces to move and hold one of the contacts of this contact pair known .

An automatic load switch is known (see, for example, the SU copyright certificate N. 296172, class HO1H73 / 38, 1971), the one contact system with at least one pair of contacts and with at least one electrodynamic current limiter that interacts with each other are electrically coupled, at least one transmitter for the emergency, which is electrically connected to the contact pair of the contact system

is coupled, and an assembly for displacement and retention of a contact that corresponds to the contact pair of the contact system and is mechanically coupled to the emergency transmitter, and at least one arc extinguisher for discharge and extinguishing an arcing between the contacts of the contact pair contains.

With this method and the one realizing this method However, the switch allows the considerable inertia of the assembly to move and hold the contact not to switch off the load in an emergency, which worsens the current limitation and increases the switching time.

In addition, the main current for contact opening must be a Contact pair with the help of the electrodynamic current limit increase a sufficient value, which worsens the current limitation and increases the switching time.

The invention is based on the object of a method for to develop automatic powershifting that

it allows the switching time at

simultaneous improvement of the current limitation and an automatic load switch for its realization create, which has such additional parts that allow the switching time while improving the current limitation to reduce.

This is achieved in that in the method for automatic load switching by passing the main current through a Contact system for generating the contacts of at least one contact pair of the contact system opening electrodynamic Forces, emergency notification and the generation of mechanical forces

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Moving and holding one of the contacts of this contact pair According to the invention, when an additional current is generated in the form of a pulse, the size and duration of which is generated are sufficient for contact opening in Notff 11 and the Eontaktsystem is let through.

The additional current is expediently added to the main current at the moment of passage through the contact system.

This is also achieved by the fact that the automatic load switch, who realizes the method according to the invention and a Contact system with at least one pair of contacts and with at least one electrodynamic current limiter that interacts with one another are electrically coupled, at least one transmitter for the emergency, which is electrically coupled to the contact pair of the contact system and an assembly for moving and holding of a contact that corresponds to the contact pair of the contact system and is mechanically coupled to the emergency transmitter, and at least one light bulb extinguisher for deriving and extinguishing a Contains arc arising between the contacts of the contact pair, according to the invention, in addition, a pulse current source has that with the contact system and with the encoder for the emergency electrically coupled j st.

The automatic load switch expediently contains an additional encoder for the emergency, which is coupled with the pulse power source.

It is desirable that the current pulse source have at least one Current pulse shaper and at least one switch electrically coupled with this, the switch with the contact system and the transmitter for the emergency or is electrically coupled to the additional encoder for the emergency, contains.

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It makes sense that the switch of the pulse current source has at least one thyristor, the control electrode of which is connected to the transmitter for the emergency or to the additional transmitter for the emergency and its anode is connected to the pulse current shaper (26), and at least one diode whose cathode is connected to the current pulse shaper is connected, contains.

It is also desirable that the anode of the thyristor be connected to the electrodynamic »current limiter and the anode of the diode to the connected to the assembly for moving and holding the contact or connected to the transmitter for emergencies is.

It is also useful that the anode of the diode is connected to the electrodynamic Current limiter and the cathode of the thyristor connected to the assembly to move and hold the Contact connected to the contact or connected to the transmitter in case of emergency.

It is also useful that the switch of the pulse current source has at least one group of four in a bridge circuit: lying thyristors, the connection point of the anodes of the two thyristors and the connection point the cathodes of the two other thyristors to the pulse current shaper and one of the connection points of the cathode and the anode of the two thyristors connected to the electrodynamic current limiter is.

It is still desirable that the connection point of the cathode and the anode of the two other thyristors connected to the assembly for moving and holding the contact Contact or to the giver for emergencies and the tax

electrodes of the thyristors are connected to the encoder for the emergency or to the additional encoder for the emergency.

The pulse transformer expediently contains a parallel connection from at least one voltage source and at least one Capacitor, the connections of which are placed on the switch.

It is desirable that the pulse current shaper additionally contain at least one inductance element that is associated with the capacitor forms at least one resonant circuit.

The present invention allows the electrodynamic forces to be increased in an emergency, which reduces the switching time Simultaneous improvement: the current limit is reduced.

The present invention is intended below by way of description of concrete. Embodiments and enclosed Drawings are explained in more detail. It shows:

1 shows the automatic load switch realizing the method according to the invention, with a two-input circuit breaker Pulsed power source, according to the invention;

FIG. 2 shows the automatic load switch according to FIG. 1, which realizes the method according to the invention, with an eight singing length having pulsed current source, according to the invention;

3 shows the method realizing the method according to the invention automatic load switch according to Fig. 1 with an additional encoder for the emergency, according to the invention;

4 shows the method implementing the method according to the invention automatic load switch according to Figure 2 with an additional transmitter for an emergency, according to the invention;

Fifi. 5 is a schematic diagram of the switch with one electrodynamic current limiter connected cathodes of the thyristors, according to the invention;

at one

Fig. 6 a principle cha ItM ld of the switch with ν electrodynamic Current limiter connected anodes of the diodes, according to the invention;

7 shows a basic circuit diagram of the switch with two groups bridge-connected thyristors according to the invention;

8 shows a basic circuit diagram of a current pulse shaper according to the invention;

9 is a basic circuit diagram of a current pulse shape according to 8 with inductance elements according to the invention.

The method for automatic load switching is that the Hauntstrom through a contact system to generate the Contacts of at least one contact pair of the contact system opening electrodynamic forces passed and an emergency signal is given. At the same time as the emergency message, there is an additional power supply generated in the form of a pulse, its size and duration

is sufficient to open contacts in an emergency and the Contact system is let through. Then mechanical forces are used to move and hold one of the contacts in place Contact pair developed.

The additional flow is at the moment of passage added to the main current by the contact system.

The method according to the invention for automatic load switching realizing automatic load switch contains a two contact pairs 2, 3 having contact system 1 (Fig. 1). The contact pairs 2,3 have contacts 4,5 and 6,7 respectively. The contacts 4 and 6 are connected to springs 8 and 9 for the contact pressure and to electrodynamic current limiters 10 and 11. the

Current limiters 10 and 11 are attached to the base plate 12 ″. "The contact pairs 2 and 3 provide arc extinguishers 13 and 14, respectively connected to the discharge and extinguishing of an electric arc between the contacts 4,5 and 6,7. Contacts 5 and 7 are connected to encoders 15 or 16 for the Fotfall and sit on a common traverse 17. The contact 7 is with a Assembly 18 connected for shifting and plaguing the contact. A pulse current source 19 is connected to the sensors 15 and 16 connected to their inputs 20 and 21, respectively. The current limiters 10 and 11 and the contacts 5 and 7 are connected to the outputs 22, 23 and 24, 25 of the source 19 connected.

The pulse current source 19 contains a pulse current shaper 26, to whose outputs 27 and 28 a switch 29 is connected is. The inputs and outputs of switch 29 each occur as inputs inputs 20, 21 and outputs 22, 23, 24, 25 of source 19.

To the current limiters 10 and 11 and to the sensors 15 and 16, a load 30 is connected, which overload any against sensitive, by the automatic according to the invention Switch represents device to be switched off.

According to another embodiment of the invention The pulse current source 19 contains a method for automatic load switching realizing an automatic load switch Switch 31 (Fig. 2), the eight acting simultaneously as inputs 32, 33, 34 »35» 36, 37 »38» 39 of the pulse current source I9 the encoder 15, 16 has connected inputs for the Fotfall. The outputs of the switch 31 each serve as an input to the current paths 10, 11 or outputs 40, 41, 42, 43 of the pulse current source 19 connected to the contacts 5, 7.

According to a further embodiment of the

Process for automatic load switching realizing automatic Load switch this contains an additional transmitter 44 (Fig. 3) for the emergency, to which the inputs 20, 21 of the pulse current source 19 are connected. The entrance 45 of the walker 44 is connected to the load 30. The outputs 24 and 25 of the source 19 are connected to walkers 15 ″ or 16 for emergencies.

A still further embodiment are in that the

Method for automatic load switching realizing automatic load switch to the additional walker 44 for In the event of an emergency, the inputs 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39 cLer impulse current source 19 (Fig. 4) connected.

According to one embodiment, the pulse current source 19 contains the switch 29 (Fig. 1,3) has two thyristors 46 and 47 (Fig. 5), the anodes are connected together in a connection point 48, and two diodes 49 and 50, the cathodes in one Connection point 51 are switched together. The connection points 48 and 51 are connected to the inputs 27 and 28 of the pulse current shaper 26, respectively. The connections of the anodes of diodes 49 and 50 occur as outputs 24 and 25 of pulse current source 19, respectively and the outputs of the cathodes of the thyristors 46, 47 are the outputs 22 and 23 of the pulse current source 19, respectively

According to another embodiment of the pulse current source 19 represent the cathodes of the thyristors 46 and 47 (Fig. 6) of the Switch 29 outputs 24 and 25 and the anodes of the diodes 49 and 50 represent the outputs 22 and 23 of the source 19, respectively.

According to a further embodiment of the pulse current source 19, its switch 31 (Fig. 2, 4) contains two groups of four thyristors 52, 53, 54, 55 and 56, 57, 58, 59 (Fig. 7).

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The thyristors 52, 53, 54, 55 are in one and the thyristors 56, 57, 58, 59 in the other bridge circuit. ^The connection point 60 of the anodes of the thyristors 5?, 5 ^, 56, 5 ^fi and the connection point 61 of the cathodes of the th _; d disturb 53, 55 »57, 59 are connected to the output 27 and 28 of the pulse current shaper 26, respectively. The cathode and anode of the thyristors 52 and 53 are connected together in a connection point 62, the thyristors 54 and 55 in a connection point 63, the thyristors 56 and 57 in a connection point 64, and the thyristors 58 and 59 in a connection point 65. The control electrodes of the thyristors 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59 occur respectively as the inputs 32, 33, 3 ^, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39 of the pulse current source 19 and the connection points 62, 63, 64, 65 as the outputs 40, 41, 42, 43 of the pulse current source 19.

According to one embodiment, the pulse current shaper 26 (FIGS. 1, 2, 3, 4) contains a voltage source 66 (FIG. 8) with which a capacitor 67 is shunted.

According to another embodiment, the pulse current shaper 26 (FIGS. 1, 2, 3, 4) contains two voltage sources 68 and

69 (Fig. 9) with capacitors connected in parallel to each of them

70 or 71 · One of the connections of the capacitors 70 and 71 are connected to each other. An inductance element 72 runs between the other connections of the capacitors 70 and 71 the connection point 73 of the other terminals of the capacitor 70 and the inductance element 72 is an inductance element 74 placed. The capacitor 70 and the inductance element 74 form "an oscillating circuit, and the capacitor 71 and the inductance elements 72 and 74 a different pregnant circle.

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The method according to the invention for automatic load switching: The realizing automatic load switch works as follows.

To a signal from the encoders 15 _t 16 (Fig. 1 and 2) in case of emergency, the switch 29 or the switch 31 opens, the pulse current source 19 and allows an additional current pulse from its pulse current shaper by the contact system 1, namely by the electrodynamic current limiter 10, 11 and the contacts 4 -, ″ 5 and 6, 7. The additional current develops electrodynamic forces which lift the contacts 4, 6 In "the circuits of the load 3Q, in which the contact pairs 2, 3 of the automatic load switch are switched on, the voltage of the arcing between the contacts 4, 5 and 6, 7 is fed, whereby the main current is limited and these circuits are interrupted will. If the additional current no longer flows through, the electrodynamic forces acting on the contacts 4 and 6 decrease, and the contacts 4 and 6 begin to move in the opposite direction under the action of the springs 8 and 9 for the contact pressure, whereby it tends to move are to close with contacts 5 and 7.

The pulse size and duration of the additional current must be such that the assembly 18 to shift and hold the Contact responds and the movement of contacts 5 and 7 begins, before the raised contacts 4 and 6 returned to the initial state are.

To accelerate the response of the building rubble 18 opens the switch 29 or the salaries 31 on a signal from the additional encoder 44 (Fig. 3 and 4) for emergencies, and the additional current pulse passes through contact system 1 (analogous to the one described above) and donors 15 »16 for the case of feces.

Now the work of the ImpulsstroinoueHe 19 at a constant direction of the main flow in the load 30 is considered.

The signals from the sensors 15, 16 (Fig. 1) for emergencies meet at the control electrodes of the thyristors 46, 47 (Fig. 5) of switch 29 on. If the thyristors 46, 47 become conductive, let the Fintladestrom the previously charged by the voltage source 66 (Fig. 8) capacitor 67 of the pulse current shaper

the
26 through. The through / thyristors 46, 47 (Fig. 5) of the switch (Fig. 1,5)> electrodynamic current limiters 10, 11 and contacts 4,5 and 6,7 of the contact system 1, modes 49, 50 of the switch flowing discharge current of the According to the invention, capacitor 67 represents an additional current pulse.

There will also be a case where the additional current is equal to the I! considered in the load 30 in the direction not coinciding. Then, through the thyristors 46, 47 (Fig. 6) of the switch 29 (Fig. 1, 6), contacts 4, 5 and 6, 7 and current limiters 10, 11 of the contact system 1, diodes 49, 50 of the switch 29 flowing discharge current of the capacitor 67 according to the invention an additional current pulse.

When an emergency signal arrives from the transmitter 44 (FIG. 3), the discharge current of the capacitor 67 also flows via the transmitters 15, 16 in case of emergency.

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To ensure a sufficient duration of the additional current pulse and its required form, the additional current is im Former 26 (Fig. 9) formed from two streams in two oscillating circles arise with different natural frequencies, one of which the Tndukt ivi tat se lement 74- and the one before from the source 68 charged capacitor 70 and other the inductance elements 72 and 74 and those previously charged by source 69 Capacitor 71 includes.

Furthermore, the work of the pulse power source 19 was at a alternating direction of the main flow in the load 30 is considered.

The transmitters 15, 16 (Fig. 2) for an emergency respond to the direction of the current in the load 30. In the case of a current direction in the load 30, the signals from the transmitters 15 and 16 open the thyristors 52, 55 and 56, 59 (Fig. 7) of the switch 31 (Fig. 1, 2, 7) · The additional current pulse of the former 26 runs through the thyristors 52, 56, current limiters 10, 11 and contacts 4,5 and 6,7 of the contact system 1, thyristors 55, 59 · At the other direction of current in the load 30, the thyristors 53 »54- and 57> 58 are conductive, and the additional current pulse of the former 26 passes through the thyristors 54, 58, contacts 4, 5 and 6, 7 and current limiters 10, 11 of the contact system 1, Thyristors 53 ₅ 57. In analogy to the case described above, the additional current also flows via the sensors 15, 16 after receiving an emergency signal from the additional transmitter 44 (FIG. 4).

Pie present invention allows the known automatic Use load switches without complicated structural changes, which is a quick introduction of the invention Procedure for automatic load switching guaranteed.

Claims (12)

31158-9 «-i.O ' ^: .. ^;: tO λ FACILITIES FOR AUTOMATIC LOAD SWITCHING AND AUTOMATIC LOAD SWITCH FOR ITS REALIZATION PATENT ANSPRi; CHE (1ΛVerfahren for automatic load circuit by Durchlassung of the main current through a contact system for the production of the contacts of at least one pair of contacts of the contact system opens electrodynamic forces, - emergency message, - Generation of mechanical forces to move and hold one of the contacts of this contact pair, thereby marked that - An additional power is generated in the case of the emergency message, which --n Form of a pulse is formed, the size and duration of which are sufficient for contact opening in an emergency and which is created by the contact system (1) is let through. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that - The additional current is added to the main current at the moment of passage through the contact system (1). 3. Automatic load switch, which the method according to claim 1 realized and - A contact system (1) with at least one contact pair (2, 3) and with at least one electrodynamic current limiter (10, 11), which are electrically coupled to one another, - At least one encoder (15 »16) for the NO event, which is with electrically coupled to the contact pair (2, 3) of the contact system (I) is, - An assembly (18) for moving and holding one Contact (5> 7) »those with the contact pair (2, 3) of the contact system (1) and is mechanically coupled to the transmitter (15 »16) for emergencies, - At least one arc extinguisher (I3, 14) for discharge and extinguishing an arcing between the contacts (4,5; 6,7) of the contact pair (2,3), thereby marked that he was additionally - Has a pulse current source (19) which is electrically connected to the contact system (1) and to the transmitter (15, 16) in an emergency is coupled. 4. Automatic switch according to AnsOruch 3 »thereby marked that he - Contains an additional transmitter (44) for emergencies, which is coupled to the pulse power source (19). 5 · Automatic switch according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the pulse current source (19) at least one pulse current shaper (26) and at least one switch (29j31) electrically coupled to this, with the contact system (1) and the transmitter (15, 16) for the emergency case or with the additional encoder (44) for an emergency electrically is coupled, contains. 6. Automatic switch according to claim 5 »thereby characterized in that the 'switch (29) of the pulse current source (19) - At least one thyristor (46, 47), its control electrode to the encoder (15 »16) for emergencies or to the additional encoder (44) for emergencies, and its anode to the pulse current shaper (26) is connected, - At least one diode (49, 50) whose cathode is connected to the current pulse shaper (26) is connected. 7. Automatic switch according to claim 6, characterized in that the cathode of the thyristor (46, 47) to the electrodynamic current limiter (10, 11) and the anode of the diode (49, 50) to the contact (5, 7) with the assembly (18) to postpone and hold the said Eonist; clock connected ¹ ^ or connected to the transmitter (44) for emergencies. 8. Automatic switch according to claim 6, characterized in that the anode of the diode (49, 50) to the electrodynamic current limiter (10, 11) and the cathode of the thyristor (46, 47) to the contact with the assembly (18 ) for displacing and fixed posture of said contact (5 _t 7) is; connected or connected to the encoder (15, 16) in the event of an emergency is. 9. Automatic switch according to claim 5, characterized in that the switch (31) of the pulse current source (19) - At least one group of four thyristors (52, 53, 54, 55; 56, 57, 58, 59) lying in a bridge circuit the connection point (60) of the anodes of the two thyristors (52 and 54, 56, and 58) and the connection point (61) the cathodes of the two other thyristors (53 and 55; 57 and 59) to the pulse current shaper (26) and one of the connection points (62; 63) the cathode and the anode of the two thyristors (52 and 53; 54 and 55) to the electrodynamic current limiter (10, 11) is connected. 10. Automatic switch according to claim 9, characterized in that the connection point (64; 65) the cathode and the anode of the two other thyristors (56 and 57; 58 "and 59) to the contact (5,7) that connects to the assembly (18) is connected to the displacement and plague of said contact (5,7), or to the encoder (15, 16) for the emergency is connected, while the control electrodes of the thyristors (52, 53, 54, 55; 56, 57, 58, 59) to the encoder (15,16) are connected for emergencies or to the additional encoder (44) for emergencies. 11. Automatic switch according to claim 5 »thereby characterized in that the pulse current shaper (26) is connected in parallel - At least one voltage source (66, 68 and 69) and - Contains at least one capacitor (67; 70 and 71), whose connections are placed on the switch (29, 3D. 12. Automatic switch according to claim 11, characterized in that the pulse current shaper (26) Additionally ** '~ "- 5 - - contains at least one inductivity element (72, 7 * 0, which forms at least one resonant circuit with the capacitor (68 and 69).