DE3112739C2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- DE3112739C2 DE3112739C2 DE3112739A DE3112739A DE3112739C2 DE 3112739 C2 DE3112739 C2 DE 3112739C2 DE 3112739 A DE3112739 A DE 3112739A DE 3112739 A DE3112739 A DE 3112739A DE 3112739 C2 DE3112739 C2 DE 3112739C2
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- electrode
- platinum
- solid
- silver
- gas
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ZrO2 Inorganic materials O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- YXTPWUNVHCYOSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis($l^{2}-silanylidene)molybdenum Chemical compound [Si]=[Mo]=[Si] YXTPWUNVHCYOSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000629 Rh alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- PXXKQOPKNFECSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum rhodium Chemical compound [Rh].[Pt] PXXKQOPKNFECSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 229910021343 molybdenum disilicide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910018921 CoO 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000003057 platinum Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000923 precious metal alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001316 Ag alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910020599 Co 3 O 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021193 La 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101100345589 Mus musculus Mical1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229910001252 Pd alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001260 Pt alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001112 coagulating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005345 coagulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015271 coagulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009969 flowable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021344 molybdenum silicide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007750 plasma spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/26—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
- G01N27/403—Cells and electrode assemblies
- G01N27/406—Cells and probes with solid electrolytes
- G01N27/407—Cells and probes with solid electrolytes for investigating or analysing gases
- G01N27/4075—Composition or fabrication of the electrodes and coatings thereon, e.g. catalysts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
- C25B11/04—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by the material
- C25B11/051—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier
- C25B11/073—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material
- C25B11/091—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material consisting of at least one catalytic element and at least one catalytic compound; consisting of two or more catalytic elements or catalytic compounds
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/12—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte
- H01M8/1213—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte characterised by the electrode/electrolyte combination or the supporting material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/9016—Oxides, hydroxides or oxygenated metallic salts
- H01M4/9025—Oxides specially used in fuel cell operating at high temperature, e.g. SOFC
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/9016—Oxides, hydroxides or oxygenated metallic salts
- H01M4/9025—Oxides specially used in fuel cell operating at high temperature, e.g. SOFC
- H01M4/9033—Complex oxides, optionally doped, of the type M1MeO3, M1 being an alkaline earth metal or a rare earth, Me being a metal, e.g. perovskites
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/9041—Metals or alloys
- H01M4/905—Metals or alloys specially used in fuel cell operating at high temperature, e.g. SOFC
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Measuring Oxygen Concentration In Cells (AREA)
Description
Die Erfindung geht aus von einer Elektrode nach der Gattung des Hauptanspruchs. Elektroden, beispielsweise von elektrochemischen Meßfühlern für die Bestimmung des Sauerstoffgehaltes in Gasen, werden im allgemeinen durch Aufbringen einer Schicht aus Platin oder aus einer Legierung aus Platin mit einem zweiten Paltinmetall, gegebenenfalls unter Zufügen eines Pulvers eines keramischen Materials, auf den Festelektrolyten hergestellt. Derartige Elek troden mit den hochschmelzenden Edelmetallen wie Platin, Rhodium oder Legierungen mit diesen Metallen sind noch bei relativ hohen Anwendungstemperaturen von etwa 1000°C stabil. Diese hochschmelzen den Edelmetalle sind jedoch teuer, so daß man danach strebt, diese Edelmetalle ganz oder zumindest zum größeren Teil durch preiswertere Edelmetalle wie Silber oder Paladium oder Edelmetallegierungen, in denen die beiden genannten Metalle den Hauptbestandteil neben Platin und Rhodium bilden, zu ersetzen. Die Verwendung von Gold oder Silber als Elektrodenmaterial ist beispielsweise aus der DE-AS 24 37 604 bekannt. Danach wird eine Gold- oder Silberpulver und ein orga nisches Bindemittel enthaltende Paste auf den Festelektrolyt aufge bracht und erhitzt, um das Bindemittel zu entfernen und die Elek trode auszubilden. The invention relates to an electrode of the genus Main claim. Electrodes, for example electrochemical Sensors for determining the oxygen content in gases, are generally made by applying a layer of platinum or from an alloy of platinum with a second paltin metal, optionally with the addition of a powder of a ceramic Material, made on the solid electrolyte. Such elec tread with the high-melting precious metals such as platinum, rhodium or alloys with these metals are still relatively high Application temperatures stable at around 1000 ° C. Melt this up However, the precious metals are expensive so that one strives to get them Precious metals entirely or at least in large part through cheaper ones Precious metals such as silver or palladium or precious metal alloys, in which the two metals mentioned are the main component in addition to platinum and form rhodium to replace. The use of gold or silver the electrode material is, for example, from DE-AS 24 37 604 known. After that, a gold or silver powder and an orga nical binder paste applied to the solid electrolyte brought and heated to remove the binder and the elec to train trode.
Es zeigt sich jedoch, daß diese genannten Edelmetalle, die einen niedrigeren Schmelzpunkt aufweisen, bei hohen Temperaturen zum Koagulieren oder zum Versintern neigen, wodurch die Elektroden polarisation ansteigt. Derartige Elektroden sind dann nicht mehr ausreichend hoch mit elektrischem Strom belastbar, was vor allem für das Anspringverhalten bei Temperaturen um 300°C von Meßfühlern mit derartigen Elektroden eine wichtige Rolle spielt. Durch Koagulieren bilden sich gröbere Edelmetall-Körner in der Elektrodenschicht, was zu einer Verkürzung der Dreiphasengrenze und damit zu einer ver ringerten Belastbarkeit führt. Im fortgeschrittenen Stadium können sich schließlich auf dem Festelektrolyten Inseln bilden, so daß keine zusammenhängende Metallschicht auf dem Festelektrolyten mehr vorhanden und die Elektrode nicht mehr belastbar ist.However, it turns out that these precious metals mentioned, the one have a lower melting point at high temperatures Coagulate or tend to sinter, causing the electrodes polarization increases. Such electrodes are then no longer sufficiently loadable with electrical current, which is especially for the light-off behavior at temperatures around 300 ° C of sensors such electrodes play an important role. By coagulating coarser precious metal grains form in the electrode layer, what to shorten the three-phase limit and thus to ver reduced resilience. In the advanced stage Islands finally form on the solid electrolyte, so that no continuous metal layer on the solid electrolyte exists and the electrode is no longer resilient.
Aus der DE-OS 30 48 439 sind Elektrodenzusammensetzungen aus einem elektrisch leitfähigen Gemisch eines Metalls und eines Oxids davon bekannt, wie Ni-NiO, Co-CoO oder Cr-Cr2O3, die als interne Sauerstoffreferenz in elektrochemischen Meßfühlern eingesetzt werden können.From DE-OS 30 48 439 electrode compositions of an electrically conductive mixture of a metal and an oxide thereof are known, such as Ni-NiO, Co-CoO or Cr-Cr 2 O 3 , which can be used as an internal oxygen reference in electrochemical sensors.
Demgegenüber ist es Aufgabe der Erfindung, aus Silber oder einer Edelmetallegierung mit Silber als Hauptbestandteil eine struktur stabile Elektrode zu schaffen, d. h. eine Elektrode, die auch bei hohen Temperaturen keiner Strukturänderung durch Koagulieren oder Versintern unterliegt.In contrast, it is an object of the invention, made of silver or one Precious metal alloy with silver as the main component of a structure to create a stable electrode, d. H. an electrode that also at high temperatures no structural change due to coagulation or Sintering is subject.
Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß der metallischen Komponente, die aus Silber oder einer Silberlegierung besteht, ein elektronenleitender nichtmetallischer Feststoff und zwar ein Oxid von Perowskittyp, Siliciumcarbid oder Molybdändi silicid, zugesetzt wird. This object is achieved in that the metallic component made of silver or a silver alloy consists of an electron-conducting non-metallic solid and an oxide of the perovskite type, silicon carbide or molybdenum silicide is added.
Die erfindungsgemäße Elektrode mit den kennzeichnenden Merkmalen des Hauptanspruchs hat folgende Vorteile: Die zugesetzten nicht metallischen elektronenleitenden Feststoffe stabilisieren die Struktur der Edelmetall-Elektrodenschicht derart, daß sie auch bei Temperaturen im Bereich von 1000°C praktisch keine Veränderung erleidet, die zu einem Anstieg der Elektrodenpolarisation führt. Da diese Zusätze elektronenleitend sind, verhalten sie sich ähnlich wie die Edelmetalle in der Elektrodenschicht, d. h., sie bilden selbst einen Teil der Dreiphasengrenze Festelektrolyt/Elektronenleiter/Gas und tragen somit zur Elektrodenfunktion bei. In ähnlicher Weise übernehmen die Zusätze teilweise die Leiterbahn-Funktion in der Elektrodenschicht. The electrode according to the invention with the characteristic features of The main claim has the following advantages: Not added metallic electron-conducting solids stabilize the Structure of the noble metal electrode layer in such a way that it also Temperatures in the range of 1000 ° C practically no change suffers, which leads to an increase in electrode polarization. There these additives are electron-conducting, they behave similarly to the precious metals in the electrode layer, d. that is, they form themselves part of the three-phase boundary solid electrolyte / electron conductor / gas and thus contribute to the electrode function. In a similar way some of the additives take on the conductor track function in the Electrode layer.
Darüber hinaus läßt sich die erfindungsgemäße Elektrode bei relativ niedrigen Sintertemperaturen von etwa 800°C einsintern.In addition, the electrode of the invention at relatively low sintering temperatures of around 800 ° C one internal.
Durch die in den Unteransprüchen aufgeführten Maßnahmen sind vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen und Verbesserungen der im Hauptanspruch angegebenen Elektrode möglich. Besonders vorteilhaft ist es, wenn die Elektrode als Edelmetall/Silber und als elektronenleitenden nichtmetallischen Feststoff ein Oxid vom Perowskittyp wie z.B. Sr0,1La0,9CoO3 enthält. Besonders bewährt hat sich diese Elektrode, die 60 Vol.% Silber und 40 Vol.% Oxid enthält, beim Einsatz als Innen elektrode bei elektrochemischen Meßfühlern für die Be stimmung des Sauerstoffgehaltes in Gasen.Advantageous further developments and improvements of the electrode specified in the main claim are possible through the measures listed in the subclaims. It is particularly advantageous if the electrode contains an oxide of the perovskite type, such as Sr 0.1 La 0.9 CoO 3 , as the noble metal / silver and as the electron-conducting non-metallic solid. This electrode, which contains 60% by volume of silver and 40% by volume of oxide, has proven particularly useful when used as an internal electrode in electrochemical sensors for determining the oxygen content in gases.
Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung ist in der Zeichnung dargestellt und in der nachfolgenden Beschreibung näher er läutert. Die Figur zeigt einen Schnitt durch einen elektro chemischen Meßfühler für die Bestimmung des Sauerstoffge haltes in Gasen, bei dem die Innenelektrode eine erfindungs gemäße Elektrode ist.An embodiment of the invention is in the drawing shown and in the description below he purifies. The figure shows a section through an electro chemical sensor for the determination of the oxygen halt in gases, in which the inner electrode is a fiction appropriate electrode.
Der Meßfühler besteht aus einem Festelektrolyten in Form eines geschlossenen Rohres 10 aus stabilisiertem Zirkon dioxid, das an seinem offenen Ende mit einem Bund 11 zum Einbau in eine nicht dargestellte Metallfassung versehen ist. Die äußere Oberfläche des Rohres 10 trägt eine ca. 3 µm dicke poröse Platinschicht 12. Die Platinschicht 12 reicht bis auf den Bund 11 des Rohres 10 und ermöglicht so die Abnahme des Potentials. Diese Platinschicht 12 ist mit einer porösen, beispielsweise aus Magnesium-Spinell bestehenden Schicht 14 mit einer Schichtdicke von 5 bis 500 µm bedeckt, wobei die Poren jeweils bis an die Platin schicht 12 durchgehen, um eine hinreichend kleine Ansprech zeit des Meßfühlers zu gewährleisten. Die Innenelektrode 13 besteht aus einem Gemisch aus 60 Vol.% Silber und 40 Vol.% eines Perowskits der Formel Sr0,1La0,9CoO3.The sensor consists of a solid electrolyte in the form of a closed tube 10 made of stabilized zirconium dioxide, which is provided at its open end with a collar 11 for installation in a metal socket, not shown. The outer surface of the tube 10 has an approximately 3 μm thick porous platinum layer 12 . The platinum layer 12 extends to the collar 11 of the tube 10 and thus enables the potential to be reduced. This platinum layer 12 is covered with a porous layer 14 , for example made of magnesium spinel, with a layer thickness of 5 to 500 μm, the pores each passing through to the platinum layer 12 in order to ensure a sufficiently short response time of the sensor. The inner electrode 13 consists of a mixture of 60% by volume of silver and 40% by volume of a perovskite of the formula Sr 0.1 La 0.9 CoO 3 .
Zur Herstellung des Meßfühlers geht man z. B. von dem fertiggesinterten Zirkondioxid-Körper aus und bringt durch ein an sich bekanntes Verfahren eine ca. 3 µm dicke Platin schicht auf die äußere Oberfläche des Körpers auf, beispiels weise durch Aufdampfen. Auf diese Platinschicht wird nun eine poröse Deckschicht aufgebracht, indem Mg-Spinell-Pulver mit der Plasmaspritztechnik aufgetragen wird. Der Meßfühler mit der so aufgespritzten porösen Deckschicht wird zunächst getrocknet und anschließend bei etwa 1100°C eingebrannt. Die Dicke der so erzeugten porösen Deckschicht beträgt ca. 200 µm.To manufacture the sensor you go z. B. from that finished sintered zirconia body and brings through a process known per se, an approximately 3 µm thick platinum layer on the outer surface of the body, for example by evaporation. One is now on this platinum layer porous top layer applied by using Mg spinel powder the plasma spraying technique is applied. The sensor with the porous cover layer sprayed on in this way is initially dried and then baked at about 1100 ° C. The thickness of the porous cover layer produced in this way is approx. 200 µm.
Zur Herstellung der aus Silber und Perowskit bestehenden Innenelektrode wird zunächst der obengenannte Perowskit hergestellt, in dem man La2O3, SrCO3 und Co3O4 im ent sprechenden Mengenverhältnis mischt, mahlt, zwei Stunden bei 1350°C kalziniert und anschließend nochmals mahlt. Das so erhaltene Perowskit-Pulver wird in einer solchen Menge mit einer handelsüblichen Silberpulver-Suspension (50 Gew.-% Ag in einer für Dickschichtpräparate üblichen Mischung von Verdünnungsölen und Klebersubstanzen) ge mischt, daß das Silberpulver im Sinterzustand 60 Vol.% ausmacht. Ein solcher Ansatz besteht beispielsweise aus 8,0 g Silberpulver-Suspension und 1,8 g des obenhergestellten Perowskitpulvers. Diese Mischung wird zunächst trocken und anschließend unter Zusatz eines handelüblichen Verdünners gemahlen, wobei soviel Verdünner zugesetzt wird, daß eine fließfähige Suspension entsteht. Diese Suspension wird dann in die Innenbohrung 15 des Meßfühlers eingebracht, beispielsweise durch Eintropfen und anschließendes Ver blasen mit Luft. Diese Schicht wird anschließend an Luft bei 900°C zur Bildung der Innenelektrode 13 eingesintert.To produce the inner electrode, which consists of silver and perovskite, the above-mentioned perovskite is first produced by mixing La 2 O 3 , SrCO 3 and Co 3 O 4 in the appropriate quantity ratio, grinding, calcining at 1350 ° C. for two hours and then grinding again . The perovskite powder thus obtained is mixed in such an amount with a commercially available silver powder suspension (50% by weight of Ag in a mixture of diluent oils and adhesive substances which is customary for thick-film preparations) that the silver powder in the sintered state makes up 60% by volume. Such an approach consists, for example, of 8.0 g of silver powder suspension and 1.8 g of the perovskite powder prepared above. This mixture is first dried and then ground with the addition of a commercially available thinner, with enough thinner being added to form a flowable suspension. This suspension is then introduced into the inner bore 15 of the sensor, for example by dropping and subsequent blowing with air. This layer is then sintered in air at 900 ° C. to form the inner electrode 13 .
Meßfühler mit der soeben beschriebenen Innenelektrode zeigen hohe Sondenspannungswerte, eine gute Strombelastbar keit sowie ein gutes Alterungsverhalten, wobei diese Werte günstiger liegen als die der bisher benutzten Platinelek troden, dabei aber den Vorteil haben, daß sie vom Material her billiger sind und sich bei niedrigeren Temperaturen ein sintern lassen.Sensor with the inner electrode just described show high probe voltage values, good current carrying capacity as well as a good aging behavior, whereby these values are cheaper than those of the Platinelek used so far tread, but have the advantage that they from the material are cheaper and settle down at lower temperatures let sinter.
Claims (3)
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE19813112739 DE3112739A1 (en) | 1981-03-31 | 1981-03-31 | Electrode of stable structure for solid-state electrolytes for electrochemical applications, and use of such an electrode in electrochemical sensors for determining the oxygen content in gases |
JP57050265A JPS57175251A (en) | 1981-03-31 | 1982-03-30 | Structurally stable electrode for solid electrolyte and electrochemical detector |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19813112739 DE3112739A1 (en) | 1981-03-31 | 1981-03-31 | Electrode of stable structure for solid-state electrolytes for electrochemical applications, and use of such an electrode in electrochemical sensors for determining the oxygen content in gases |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DE3112739A1 DE3112739A1 (en) | 1982-10-07 |
DE3112739C2 true DE3112739C2 (en) | 1990-10-18 |
Family
ID=6128828
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DE19813112739 Granted DE3112739A1 (en) | 1981-03-31 | 1981-03-31 | Electrode of stable structure for solid-state electrolytes for electrochemical applications, and use of such an electrode in electrochemical sensors for determining the oxygen content in gases |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
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JP (1) | JPS57175251A (en) |
DE (1) | DE3112739A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2541530B2 (en) * | 1985-10-29 | 1996-10-09 | コモンウェルス、サイエンティフィク、エンド、インダストリアル、リサ−チ、オ−ガナイゼ−ション | Solid electrolyte device and manufacturing method thereof |
US4851303A (en) * | 1986-11-26 | 1989-07-25 | Sri-International | Solid compositions for fuel cells, sensors and catalysts |
US5134042A (en) * | 1986-11-26 | 1992-07-28 | Sri International | Solid compositions for fuel cells, sensors and catalysts |
DE4009747A1 (en) * | 1989-03-28 | 1991-10-02 | Gyulai Maria Dobosne | Electrochemical oxygen sensor - comprising potentiostatic cell with oxygen pumping action |
DE3910037A1 (en) * | 1989-03-28 | 1991-04-25 | Gyulai Maria Dobosne | Electrochemical cell for use as oxygen sensor - uses an alkaline medium with opposite reactions to ensure cell-conditions remain constant |
DE3935311A1 (en) * | 1989-10-24 | 1991-04-25 | Asea Brown Boveri | FUEL CELL ARRANGEMENT |
DE4021929C2 (en) * | 1990-07-10 | 1998-04-30 | Abb Patent Gmbh | sensor |
DE4225775C2 (en) † | 1992-08-04 | 2002-09-19 | Heraeus Electro Nite Int | Arrangement for continuously monitoring the concentration of NO in gas mixtures |
DE4424539C2 (en) * | 1993-07-12 | 1998-04-30 | Unisia Jecs Corp | Element for detecting an air-fuel ratio |
JP2545050B2 (en) * | 1995-05-26 | 1996-10-16 | 日本特殊陶業株式会社 | Oxygen sensor element |
Family Cites Families (22)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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DD87024A (en) * | ||||
GB1201806A (en) * | 1967-11-23 | 1970-08-12 | Kent Ltd G | Improvements in or relating to electrode assemblies |
GB1249300A (en) * | 1967-12-27 | 1971-10-13 | Ici Ltd | Electrodes for electrochemical processes |
US3616446A (en) * | 1969-03-28 | 1971-10-26 | Ppg Industries Inc | Method of coating an electrode |
CA967508A (en) * | 1970-11-02 | 1975-05-13 | Paul P. Anthony | Electrodes |
NL7204743A (en) * | 1972-04-08 | 1973-06-25 | Electrochemical electrode - consisting of electrochemically resistant double metal oxide | |
FR2230402B1 (en) * | 1973-03-30 | 1975-10-31 | Anvar | |
US4042483A (en) * | 1973-07-20 | 1977-08-16 | Rhone-Progil | Electrolysis cell electrode and method of preparation |
JPS5334077B2 (en) * | 1973-08-29 | 1978-09-19 | ||
IN143553B (en) * | 1973-10-26 | 1977-12-24 | Ici Ltd | |
GB1524195A (en) * | 1974-12-09 | 1978-09-06 | Kent Ltd | Bonding of metals to solid electrolytes |
GB1524520A (en) * | 1974-12-09 | 1978-09-13 | Kent Ltd G | Bonding of metals to solid electrolytes |
FR2312573A1 (en) * | 1975-05-30 | 1976-12-24 | Rhone Poulenc Ind | NEW ELECTRODE FOR ELECTROLYSIS CELL |
US4098669A (en) * | 1976-03-31 | 1978-07-04 | Diamond Shamrock Technologies S.A. | Novel yttrium oxide electrodes and their uses |
DD131568A5 (en) * | 1976-05-17 | 1978-07-05 | Diamond Shamrock Techn | ELECTRODE |
US4075070A (en) * | 1976-06-09 | 1978-02-21 | Ppg Industries, Inc. | Electrode material |
DE2747467C2 (en) * | 1977-10-22 | 1979-10-11 | Dornier System Gmbh, 7990 Friedrichshafen | Cermet electrodes for solid electrolyte cells and processes for their manufacture |
BR7902625A (en) * | 1978-05-04 | 1979-11-27 | Du Pont | IMPROVEMENT IN OXYGEN CONCENTRATION SENSOR |
DE2837118C2 (en) * | 1978-08-25 | 1982-05-19 | Dornier System Gmbh, 7990 Friedrichshafen | Porous oxide electrodes for high temperature electrochemical cells |
DE2852638C2 (en) * | 1978-12-06 | 1986-01-16 | Robert Bosch Gmbh, 7000 Stuttgart | Gas sensor with cermet electrodes |
DE2922131A1 (en) * | 1979-05-31 | 1980-12-18 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | POLAROGRAPHIC PROBE FOR DETERMINING THE OXYGEN CONTENT IN GAS, ESPECIALLY IN EXHAUST GAS FROM COMBUSTION ENGINES |
JPS5692447A (en) * | 1979-12-26 | 1981-07-27 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | Production of film-structure oxygen sensor element |
-
1981
- 1981-03-31 DE DE19813112739 patent/DE3112739A1/en active Granted
-
1982
- 1982-03-30 JP JP57050265A patent/JPS57175251A/en active Granted
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE3112739A1 (en) | 1982-10-07 |
JPS57175251A (en) | 1982-10-28 |
JPH0237540B2 (en) | 1990-08-24 |
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