DE3108878A1 - Method for examining the weting condition and/or the weting characteristic of a convex surface, and device for carrying out the method - Google Patents
Method for examining the weting condition and/or the weting characteristic of a convex surface, and device for carrying out the methodInfo
- Publication number
- DE3108878A1 DE3108878A1 DE19813108878 DE3108878A DE3108878A1 DE 3108878 A1 DE3108878 A1 DE 3108878A1 DE 19813108878 DE19813108878 DE 19813108878 DE 3108878 A DE3108878 A DE 3108878A DE 3108878 A1 DE3108878 A1 DE 3108878A1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- light
- light beam
- light source
- area
- weting
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B3/00—Apparatus for testing the eyes; Instruments for examining the eyes
- A61B3/10—Objective types, i.e. instruments for examining the eyes independent of the patients' perceptions or reactions
- A61B3/101—Objective types, i.e. instruments for examining the eyes independent of the patients' perceptions or reactions for examining the tear film
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/50—Optics for phase object visualisation
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Medical Informatics (AREA)
- Biophysics (AREA)
- Ophthalmology & Optometry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Surgery (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Eye Examination Apparatus (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Verfahren zur Untersuchung des Benetzungszustands und/oder des Be-Procedure for investigating the wetting condition and / or the
netzungsverlaufs einer konvexen Oberfläche und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens.cross-linking of a convex surface and device for implementation of the procedure.
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Untersuchung des Benetzungszustands und/oder des Benetzungsverlaufs einer konvexen Oberfläche, insbesondere der Hornhaut eines Auges oder einer Kontaktlinse, und eine Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens.The invention relates to a method for examining the state of wetting and / or the wetting progression of a convex surface, in particular the cornea an eye or a contact lens, and a device for performing the method.
Zur Untersuchung der Benetzung der Hornhaut eines Auges ist es bekannt, in das Auge eine Fluoreszeinlösung einzutröpfeln und das Auge anschließend mit UV-Licht zu beleuchten. Die Fluoreszeinlösung strahlt dann matt grün. Dieses Verfahren läßt sich nur in einem dunklen Raum ausführen; man kanrmit einiger Genauigkeit die Dicke des Tronenfilms beurteilen, aber nur schlecht #ie ::ontur des Tränenfilms bei Aufbrüchen im Irränenfilm. Nicht benetzte Stellen erscheinen unscharf begrenzt dunkel. Außerdem hat sich gezeigt, daß die Benetzung nicht nur von Art und Ausbildung der Hornhaut sowie von der Zusammensetzung der Tränenflüssigkeit abhängt, sondern auch von der Fluoreszein-Konzentration. Durch das Fluoreszein werden daher die Messungen verfälscht. Das zeigt sich insbesondere dann, wenn die stark von der Fluoreszein-Konzentration abhängige Benetzungszeit gemessen werden muß.To examine the wetting of the cornea of an eye, it is known instilling a fluorescein solution into the eye and then applying UV light to the eye to illuminate. The fluorescein solution then emits a dull green light. This procedure leaves only perform in a dark room; one can determine the thickness with some accuracy judging the tear film, but only bad #ie :: ontur of the tear film when leaving in the crazy film. Unwetted areas appear blurred and limited dark. aside from that it has been shown that the wetting not only depends on the type and formation of the cornea as well as on the composition of the tear fluid, but also on the Fluorescein concentration. The measurements are therefore falsified by the fluorescein. This is particularly evident when the fluorescein concentration is heavily influenced dependent wetting time must be measured.
Entsprechende Schwierigkeiten treten bei der Untersuchung von Kontaktlinsen auf.Corresponding difficulties arise when examining contact lenses on.
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es daher, den natürlichen Tränenfilm bei der Benetzung der Hornhaut eines Auges oder einer Kontaktlinse, auch einer auf einem Auge befindlichen Kontaktlinse, mit einfachen Mitteln in zuverlässiger Weise untersuchen zu können.The object of the invention is therefore to reduce the natural tear film the wetting of the cornea of an eye or a contact lens, including one on top of one Eye contact lens, examine with simple means in a reliable manner to be able to.
Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe ist das Verfahren dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein Bereich der Oberfläche mit einem der Kohärenzbedingung in bezug auf die Oberfläche genügenden Lichtbündel bestrahlt, ein von der Oberfläche in einen vorgegebenen Raumwinkelbereich reflektierter Teil des Lichtbündels ausgeblendet und mit diesem Teil des Lichtbündels der Bereich der Oberfläche abgebildet wird, wobei eine in dem Bereich befindliche Schliere ausgeblendet wird (Hellfeldverfahren) oder abgebildet wird (Dunkelfeldverfahren).To solve this problem, the method is characterized in that that an area of the surface with one of the coherence condition with respect to the Sufficient light beam is irradiated, one from the surface into a predetermined one Solid angle range of reflected part of the light beam hidden and with this Part of the light beam the area of the surface is imaged, with an in Any streaks in the area are masked out (bright field method) or imaged becomes (dark field procedure).
Mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren läßt sich der natürliche Tränenfilm auf der Hornhaut des Auges oder auf einer Kontaktlinse, auch wenn sich die Kontaktlinse auf einem Auge befindet, zuverlässig untersuchen. Einzelheiten des Tränenfilms kann man auch dann erkennen, wenn die Untersuchung in einem hellen Raum erfolgt.With the method according to the invention, the natural tear film can be on the cornea of the eye or on a contact lens, even if the contact lens is on is located in one eye, examine reliably. Details of the tear film can can be recognized even if the examination is carried out in a bright room.
Insbesondere ist die natürliche Benetzungszeit (durch Fluoreszein unverfälscht) meßbar.In particular, the natural wetting time (by fluorescein unadulterated) measurable.
Eine besonders gute Abbildung erhält man dann, wenn man eine ein inkohärentes, jedoch der Kohärenzbedingung in bezug auf die Krümmung der Oberfläche des Auges oder der Kontaktlinse genügendes Lichtbündel aussendende, flächenhafte Lichtquelle in einem Abstand von 1 - 2 cm von der Oberfläche anordnet.A particularly good image is obtained when one is an incoherent, however, the condition of coherence with respect to the curvature of the surface of the eye or planar light source emitting sufficient light bundle for the contact lens at a distance of 1 - 2 cm from the surface.
Eine besonders gleichmäßige, intensive Beleuchtung erhält man, wenn die Lichtquelle eine gleichmäßig leuchtende Fläche in Form der Innenoberfläche eines Kegelstumpfs aufweist. Aus demselben Grund und um die Kohärenzbedingung einfach erfüllen zu können, ist dabei der Kegelstumpf bevorzugt rotationssymmetrisch; insbesondere hat er als Erzeugende eine Gerade oder einen Kreis. Aus wiederum demselben Grund ist die Lichtquelle bevorzugt wenigstens annähernd als Lambert-Strahler ausgebildet.Particularly even, intense lighting is obtained when the light source is a uniformly luminous area in the form of the inner surface of a Has truncated cone. For the same reason and to make the coherence condition simple To be able to meet, the truncated cone is preferably rotationally symmetrical; in particular if it has a straight line or a circle as the generator. Again for the same reason the light source is preferably designed at least approximately as a Lambert radiator.
Eine besonders einfache Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zur Abbildung ein Objektiv vorgesehen ist, In dem das von dem Bereich reflektierte Lichtbündel in ein Parallelstrahlbündel umgewandelt wird1 rund daß zur Begrenzung des Parallelstrahlbündels auf den zur Abbildung verwendeten Teil des Lichtbündels eine Blende vorgesehen ist.A particularly simple device for carrying out the method is characterized in that a lens is provided for imaging, In which the light beam reflected from the area is converted into a parallel beam wird1 round that to limit the parallel beam to the one used for imaging Part of the light beam is provided with a diaphragm.
Eine besonders gut auswertbare Abbildung erhält man, wenn zur Abbildung ein einem Stereo-Mikroskop entsprechendes Objektiv vorgesehen ist.An image that can be evaluated particularly well is obtained when the image is used an objective corresponding to a stereo microscope is provided.
In der Abbildung treten gut auswertbare Interferenzstreifen auf.Interference fringes that can be easily evaluated appear in the figure.
Um auch bei einer weiß strahlenden Lichtquelle das Interferenzbild in hohem Maße farbig zu erhalten, ist bevorzugt im Weg des Lichtbündels ein Bandenfilter angeordnet. Ein solches Bandenfilter läßt bevorzugt bei Bestrahlung mit weißem Licht ein weißes Licht höherer Ordnung hindurch; (die durchgelassenen Komponenten ergeben bei überlagerung wiederum ein weiß erscheinendes Licht).To see the interference pattern even with a white light source To obtain a high degree of color, a band filter is preferred in the path of the light beam arranged. Such a band filter can be preferred when irradiated with white light a higher order white light through; (the transmitted components result when superimposed, a light that appears white).
Aus konstruktiven Gründen ist es besonders günstig, wenn das Bandenfilter im Weg des von dem Oberflächenbereich reflektierten Lichtbündels angeordnet ist, insbesondere bei der Blende. Eine solche Anordnung des Bandenfilters hat überdies den Vorteil, daß es bei Bestaubung oder Inhomogenität die Abbildung am wenigsten stört.For structural reasons, it is particularly advantageous if the band filter is arranged in the path of the light beam reflected from the surface area, especially with the aperture. Such an arrangement of the band filter also has the advantage that the image is least affected by dust or inhomogeneity disturbs.
Die Erfindung wird im folgenden an einem Ausführungsbeispiel unter Hinweis auf die beigefügte Zeichnung näher beschrieben.The invention is illustrated below using an exemplary embodiment Reference to the attached drawing described in more detail.
Auf die gekrümmte Hornhaut 2 eines Auges 4 ist eine Lichtquelle 6 gerichtet, deren leuchtende Fläche 8 die Form der Innenoberfläche eines rotationssymmetrischen Kegelstumpfs mit gerader Erzeugender aufweist. Nur ein Lichtbündel 10, das zur Abbildung verwendet wird, ist dargestellt.A light source 6 is placed on the curved cornea 2 of an eye 4 directed, whose luminous surface 8 has the shape of the inner surface of a rotationally symmetrical Has truncated cone with straight generatrix. Only one light beam 10 that is used for illustration is used is shown.
Das von der Oberfläche 2 normal, d.h. dem Reflektionsgesetz genügende, reflektierte Lichtbündel 12 gelangt durch ein Objektiv 14, 16, innerhalb dessen es zu einem Parallelstrahlbündel 18 umgewandelt wird. Zur Begrenzung des Parallelstrahlbündels 18 auf den zur Abbildung verwendeten Teil des Lichtbündels ist zwischen den Linsen 14, 16 des Objektives eine Blende 20 vorgesehen. Im Weg des Lichtbündels unmittelbar hinter der Blende 20 ist ein Bandenfilter 22 angeordnet.The normal from surface 2, i.e. satisfying the law of reflection, reflected light beam 12 passes through an objective 14, 16, within which it is converted to a parallel beam 18. To limit the parallel beam 18 on the The part of the light beam used for illustration is between A diaphragm 20 is provided for the lenses 14, 16 of the objective. In the path of the bundle of light A band filter 22 is arranged directly behind the diaphragm 20.
Das in der Ebene 24 entsprechende Zwischenbild wird durch ein Objektiv 26 vom Auge 28 eines Betrachters beobachtet.The intermediate image corresponding in plane 24 is taken through an objective 26 observed by the eye 28 of an observer.
In dem erörterten Fall wird das normal reflektierte Lichtbündel beobachtet (Hellfeld-Untrrsuchung).In the case discussed, the normally reflected light beam is observed (Brightfield examination).
Ebenso kann ein nicht normal reflektiertes Lichtbündel 30 untersucht werden, also ein Lichtbündel, das durch Reflektionen an Inhomogenitäten der Oberfläche 2 entstanden ist (Dunkelfeld-Untersuchung).A light bundle 30 that is not normally reflected can also be examined be, so a bundle of light, which by reflections on inhomogeneities of the surface 2 (dark field examination).
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Claims (11)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19813108878 DE3108878C2 (en) | 1981-03-09 | 1981-03-09 | Method for examining the wetting state and / or the wetting progression of a convex surface and device for carrying out the method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19813108878 DE3108878C2 (en) | 1981-03-09 | 1981-03-09 | Method for examining the wetting state and / or the wetting progression of a convex surface and device for carrying out the method |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DE3108878A1 true DE3108878A1 (en) | 1982-09-16 |
DE3108878C2 DE3108878C2 (en) | 1983-08-18 |
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Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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DE19813108878 Expired DE3108878C2 (en) | 1981-03-09 | 1981-03-09 | Method for examining the wetting state and / or the wetting progression of a convex surface and device for carrying out the method |
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Cited By (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1992012666A1 (en) * | 1991-01-23 | 1992-08-06 | Inge Muster | Device for analysing the lachrymal film |
EP1723900A1 (en) * | 2005-05-16 | 2006-11-22 | Kowa Company Ltd. | Ophthalmic measuring method and apparatus |
EP2166922A2 (en) * | 2007-06-20 | 2010-03-31 | Tearscience, Inc. | Tear film measurement |
US8545017B2 (en) | 2009-04-01 | 2013-10-01 | Tearscience, Inc. | Ocular surface interferometry (OSI) methods for imaging, processing, and/or displaying an ocular tear film |
US8585204B2 (en) | 2007-06-20 | 2013-11-19 | Tearscience, Inc. | Tear film measurement |
US8888286B2 (en) | 2009-04-01 | 2014-11-18 | Tearscience, Inc. | Full-eye illumination ocular surface imaging of an ocular tear film for determining tear film thickness and/or providing ocular topography |
US8915592B2 (en) | 2009-04-01 | 2014-12-23 | Tearscience, Inc. | Apparatuses and methods of ocular surface interferometry (OSI) employing polarization and subtraction for imaging, processing, and/or displaying an ocular tear film |
US9339177B2 (en) | 2012-12-21 | 2016-05-17 | Tearscience, Inc. | Full-eye illumination ocular surface imaging of an ocular tear film for determining tear film thickness and/or providing ocular topography |
US9642520B2 (en) | 2009-04-01 | 2017-05-09 | Tearscience, Inc. | Background reduction apparatuses and methods of ocular surface interferometry (OSI) employing polarization for imaging, processing, and/or displaying an ocular tear film |
US9795290B2 (en) | 2013-11-15 | 2017-10-24 | Tearscience, Inc. | Ocular tear film peak detection and stabilization detection systems and methods for determining tear film layer characteristics |
US9888839B2 (en) | 2009-04-01 | 2018-02-13 | Tearscience, Inc. | Methods and apparatuses for determining contact lens intolerance in contact lens wearer patients based on dry eye tear film characteristic analysis and dry eye symptoms |
US10278587B2 (en) | 2013-05-03 | 2019-05-07 | Tearscience, Inc. | Eyelid illumination systems and method for imaging meibomian glands for meibomian gland analysis |
-
1981
- 1981-03-09 DE DE19813108878 patent/DE3108878C2/en not_active Expired
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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Sonderdruck aus "Die Contactlinse", Heft 6 (1977), 11 Jahrgang" Der Benetzungstest und Syndrom des trockenen Auges" * |
Cited By (33)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1992012666A1 (en) * | 1991-01-23 | 1992-08-06 | Inge Muster | Device for analysing the lachrymal film |
US8996097B2 (en) | 2005-05-16 | 2015-03-31 | Norihiko Yokoi | Ophthalmic measuring method and apparatus |
EP1723900A1 (en) * | 2005-05-16 | 2006-11-22 | Kowa Company Ltd. | Ophthalmic measuring method and apparatus |
JP2006314651A (en) * | 2005-05-16 | 2006-11-24 | Norihiko Yokoi | Method and apparatus for ophthalmic measurement |
EP2166922A2 (en) * | 2007-06-20 | 2010-03-31 | Tearscience, Inc. | Tear film measurement |
JP2010530282A (en) * | 2007-06-20 | 2010-09-09 | テイアサイエンス・インコーポレーテツド | Tear film measurement |
EP2166922A4 (en) * | 2007-06-20 | 2012-03-28 | Tearscience Inc | Tear film measurement |
US8585204B2 (en) | 2007-06-20 | 2013-11-19 | Tearscience, Inc. | Tear film measurement |
US8591033B2 (en) | 2007-06-20 | 2013-11-26 | Tearscience, Inc. | Tear film measurement |
US8888286B2 (en) | 2009-04-01 | 2014-11-18 | Tearscience, Inc. | Full-eye illumination ocular surface imaging of an ocular tear film for determining tear film thickness and/or providing ocular topography |
US8545017B2 (en) | 2009-04-01 | 2013-10-01 | Tearscience, Inc. | Ocular surface interferometry (OSI) methods for imaging, processing, and/or displaying an ocular tear film |
US8915592B2 (en) | 2009-04-01 | 2014-12-23 | Tearscience, Inc. | Apparatuses and methods of ocular surface interferometry (OSI) employing polarization and subtraction for imaging, processing, and/or displaying an ocular tear film |
US8746883B2 (en) | 2009-04-01 | 2014-06-10 | Tearscience, Inc. | Ocular surface interferometery (OSI) devices and systems for imaging, processing, and/or displaying an ocular tear film |
US11771317B2 (en) | 2009-04-01 | 2023-10-03 | Tearscience, Inc. | Ocular surface interferometry (OSI) for imaging, processing, and/or displaying an ocular tear film |
US9642520B2 (en) | 2009-04-01 | 2017-05-09 | Tearscience, Inc. | Background reduction apparatuses and methods of ocular surface interferometry (OSI) employing polarization for imaging, processing, and/or displaying an ocular tear film |
US9662008B2 (en) | 2009-04-01 | 2017-05-30 | Tearscience, Inc. | Ocular surface interferometry (OSI) devices and systems for imaging, processing, and/or displaying an ocular tear film |
US10582848B2 (en) | 2009-04-01 | 2020-03-10 | Tearscience, Inc. | Ocular surface interferometry (OSI) devices and systems for imaging, processing, and/or displaying an ocular tear film |
US9693682B2 (en) | 2009-04-01 | 2017-07-04 | Tearscience, Inc. | Ocular surface interferometry (OSI) devices and systems for imaging, processing, and/or displaying an ocular tear film |
US11259700B2 (en) | 2009-04-01 | 2022-03-01 | Tearscience Inc | Ocular surface interferometry (OSI) for imaging, processing, and/or displaying an ocular tear film |
US9888839B2 (en) | 2009-04-01 | 2018-02-13 | Tearscience, Inc. | Methods and apparatuses for determining contact lens intolerance in contact lens wearer patients based on dry eye tear film characteristic analysis and dry eye symptoms |
US10716465B2 (en) | 2009-04-01 | 2020-07-21 | Johnson & Johnson Vision Care, Inc. | Methods and apparatuses for determining contact lens intolerance in contact lens wearer patients based on dry eye tear film characteristic analysis and dry eye symptoms |
US9999346B2 (en) | 2009-04-01 | 2018-06-19 | Tearscience, Inc. | Background reduction apparatuses and methods of ocular surface interferometry (OSI) employing polarization for imaging, processing, and/or displaying an ocular tear film |
US10004396B2 (en) | 2009-04-01 | 2018-06-26 | Tearscience, Inc. | Ocular surface interferometry (OSI) devices and systems for imaging, processing, and/or displaying an ocular tear film |
US9668647B2 (en) | 2012-12-21 | 2017-06-06 | Tearscience Inc. | Full-eye illumination ocular surface imaging of an ocular tear film for determining tear film thickness and/or providing ocular topography |
US10244939B2 (en) | 2012-12-21 | 2019-04-02 | Tearscience, Inc. | Full-eye illumination ocular surface imaging of an ocular tear film for determining tear film thickness and/or providing ocular topography |
US10582849B2 (en) | 2012-12-21 | 2020-03-10 | Tearscience, Inc. | Full-eye illumination ocular surface imaging of an ocular tear film for determining tear film thickness and/or providing ocular topography |
US9993151B2 (en) | 2012-12-21 | 2018-06-12 | Tearscience, Inc. | Full-eye illumination ocular surface imaging of an ocular tear film for determining tear film thickness and/or providing ocular topography |
US9339177B2 (en) | 2012-12-21 | 2016-05-17 | Tearscience, Inc. | Full-eye illumination ocular surface imaging of an ocular tear film for determining tear film thickness and/or providing ocular topography |
US10278587B2 (en) | 2013-05-03 | 2019-05-07 | Tearscience, Inc. | Eyelid illumination systems and method for imaging meibomian glands for meibomian gland analysis |
US11141065B2 (en) | 2013-05-03 | 2021-10-12 | Tearscience, Inc | Eyelid illumination systems and methods for imaging meibomian glands for meibomian gland analysis |
US11844586B2 (en) | 2013-05-03 | 2023-12-19 | Tearscience, Inc. | Eyelid illumination systems and methods for imaging meibomian glands for meibomian gland analysis |
US10512396B2 (en) | 2013-11-15 | 2019-12-24 | Tearscience, Inc. | Ocular tear film peak detection and stabilization detection systems and methods for determining tear film layer characteristics |
US9795290B2 (en) | 2013-11-15 | 2017-10-24 | Tearscience, Inc. | Ocular tear film peak detection and stabilization detection systems and methods for determining tear film layer characteristics |
Also Published As
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