DE310125C - - Google Patents

Description

So far, inclined recordings have been used to add to existing maps, to draw subsequent changes. Equalization devices were especially used for this purpose or transformers are used, which add a crooked photograph Allow knowledge of the inclination and tilt in the horizontal plane to extend. In the present invention, a

ίο procedure described that the immediate measurement contains two overarching, but so slightly inclined recordings that the foot plumb point on the plates is still graphical can be applied. This gives us, as with a horizontal plate, the horizontal angle by simply using the foot plumb point with arbitrary image points associate. If the inclination of the plate is so small that the influence of the cosine function no longer interferes with the drawing of the angles, we are only allowed one Create measuring device, which the plates against each other in 'the scale distance turn, d. H. to orientate and to separate the two foot plumb points.

A simple frame made of metal or wood, which contains a double slide in X and Y and can be moved in the base direction, serves this purpose. Let us now place a clear gelatine

for X "=

layer-coated glass plate, we are only allowed to use swivel rulers over the two plumb points Attach centrally to which microscopes are attached for the purpose of setting the various image points. Through this Adjusting the image points we get the difference in direction (base end-r-foot plumb point - image point), and it results in the intersection of the two swivel rulers so-> then the location of the terrain points.

We then solved the known problem graphically, angles measured skewed to their horizontal value either by invoice or drawing. we encounter conditions similar to those when measuring a horizontal angle with the rule of tilt when the measuring table top is inclined at an angle. Up to a certain inclination - within the graphic order accuracy of the angle - we can use these values easily neglect.

In Fig. Ι let 0 be the flight point, F the base point of the plumb bob, P ₁ , P ₂ two image points on the crooked plate , let P ₅ -P ₆ -P ₂ . We know the three spherical sides in the triangle (Fig. I) P ₁ -OP ₂ and thus get the horizontal _{correction (P 5} -P ₆ -P ₇ )

sin "=

H - h

• ctg

cos H · cos h · sin I "

From Fig. 2 it can be seen that the zenith distances Z ₁ and Z _{2 of} the image points P ₁ and P ₂ and thus the heights H and h are given _{by the plumb point P 6 plotted on the inclined plate.} With the help of the flight invariants we get the angles P ₁ -O-Pg and P ₂ -OP ₁₁ , since the three sides of these two image triangles are known.

In order to get the ίο horizontal angles neglected by this sizeZ mechanically by drawing, we place the two original plates Pn-P ₆ -Pz on the left and P ₅ -F ₆ -P ₂ on the right in the measuring device (Fig. 3 and 4) and illuminate them from below with two electric bulbs, so that the adjustment of the image points can be made extremely sharp in the light falling through.

Both plates are then oriented towards the same connection points. For this purpose, the two plates P ₁ - and Pi can be shifted in this crooked position by slide-like devices in the X and Y axes and also rotated in a circle, so that the distance between the two plotted foot plumb points Fi and F _{r is} arbitrary by the standard which may be chosen to be drawn ^y map. These sledges can also be dispensed with. In this case, we place the plate on a simple pane of glass, either with or without a frame. It is held by its own weight. Now we move or rotate it until the horizontal plan triangle on the glass plate matches the oblique image triangle on the plate.

The horizontal, transparent drawing plane 5 lies above this carriage device. This consists of a pane of glass over which a transparent gelatin layer or negative varnish is poured over. The pivot points of forward cut rulers are attached to this glass pane vertically above the foot plumb points Fi and F _r , as shown in Fig. 4.

For this purpose a connecting web 6-7 is provided, which can be screwed onto the glass pane through the through-holes 6-7 in such a way that the forward cutting ruler with its pivot point is exactly above the base point Fi or F _r through the beacon guide 8 and the Micrometer device 9 can be adjusted centrally (Fig. 5).

On the forward cut ruler (Fig. 5) also moves through a beacon guide 10, a microscope 11, which through the micrometer guide 12 sharply over the image point, z. B. P ₁₁ (Fig. 3) can be set. The distance Fi and F ₁ - the two pivot points of the forward cutting rulers moving on the glass pane represents the scaled down flight route and forms the base line of the map to be drawn.

If we now use the microscope to set the identical points P ₁₁ / and P ₁₁ , - on both plates (identical), we obtain the plan point P ₁₁ = 21 (Fig. 4) as a common horizontal position point at the intersection of the two rulers.

If we draw a line along the forward cut ruler with a fine needle, it becomes the intersection of these two lines is very fine highlight in the gelatin or negative varnish layer. With this device one sets that is, with the microscope 11, the image points through the transparent lacquer layer on the inclined plate. The 'order of the corresponding location point 21 takes place on the other hand on the horizontal plane of the drawing (glass pane 5).

'In order to be able to adjust these two pixels even more precisely, you can use the Drawing box, as Fig. 3 shows, a stereoscopic viewing apparatus 12 with the Lenses 13; and 13, ·, the two pairs of mirrors 14; and 14, -, 15; and 15, - to be put on. As a result, a spatial union of the two image points is achieved optically and the setting of image points of the same (identical) image sharpened.

With this method, the horizontal position 21 of the image points P ₁₁ / and P _11n is not obtained, however, its height. However, this is obtained from every point of view by means of a graphic representation which can be plotted on the transparent drawing plane 5. "95

In Fig. 6 the line O / -18 represents the altitude of the first overarching image, CV-19 the altitude of the second overarching image. The spatial point P ₁₁ represents a very high church tower. From Oi the image is thrown onto the common horizontal 18-19 to 23, from O _r to 24. The points of the same height have an equally high zenith distance Z ₁ and Z ₂ at the same flight altitude. They will lie on the horizontal on the circle Ki and K, - and on the inclined plate with the ellipses E / and E, -. But now we have the supplement of the zenith distance 180 ° Z on the inclined plate Ps-Pu through the line 18-P ₁₁ and also in the right crooked plate through the line 19-P ₁₁ .

If we now turn the two cone guide _{beams OrP 11} and Or-P ₁₁ into the common plane O / -i8-i9-O, -, then one can evidently move this triangle on our drawing board 5 (Fig. 4) horizontally. If you place the flight height F / -18 perpendicular to the edge 16-17 of the plane of the drawing at a true-to-scale distance and then use the forward -cut ruler Fi-P ₁₁ (rotary ruler) to enter the supplement found for the zenith distance and add it

From the edge 16-17 the section ν ι = i8-22 that has been cut off forwards, a push-off triangle which is guided along the edge 18-19 results

- 20 above the end point of the route υ the height 21-22 as a section with the guide beam F1-2 3; because it is h = 22 - 23 = H - ν ■ ctg z.

The viewing device (Fig. 8 and 3) can also be used for approximate map entry Measurement of terrestrial recordings, that is

to be used with superscript plates. For this purpose he is with his three feet 26a, 264, and 26 _C above the canvas. At a distance of the focal length f = 277-28 and 27V-28, two rulers are rotatably arranged, onto which a luminous pencil is guided into the apparent relief landscape, which only emits light with the tip and is aligned with the two partial images in the. corresponding parallax plane thereby easily united.

To this. Purposes is a glass tube 30 (Fig. 7) blackened on the outside and carries on the , at one end a light bulb 31 which emits strongly diffused light through the tip 32.

In this way one can adjust the setting of the luminous pen in the spatial Achieve parallax plane precisely. . Partial image point right - luminous tip - partial image point in this position on the left seem to merge into a light structure.

Claims (4)

P ATEN T-AN IDEAS: i. Device for measuring maps from slightly skewed, slightly inclined overlapping recordings, characterized by a measuring device which is used to record the two slightly skewed recordings provided with the foot plumb points and which contains a rotatable and displaceable device for the coordinates χ and y of the two plates and with one above stored, provided with a gelatin layer glass plate (5), and further characterized by two forward cut rulers (vi and v _r ), on which microscopes are slidably arranged, with which the (identical) image points on the crooked plates through the plane of the drawing can be adjusted so that the horizontal cutting position (21) corresponding to the skewed _{partial points (P 11} / and P _{11, -) on the horizontal glass pane results.} 2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that on the glass pane serving as the plane of the drawing (5) the flight heights (F ₁ I-IS and iv-19) are plotted to scale in assignment and the two zenith distances of an image point (P ₁₁ / and P ₁₁ , -) are staked out by means of the forward cutting rulers (vi and v _r ) according to the tangent lengths, so that the height of the intersection point (21) on the divided leg of the right-angled push-off triangle (20) is read. 3. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the viewing apparatus with feet (26a, 26b, and z6 _c) is provided with which it is situated on the plane of the drawing so that it can be used to approximate map supplement for · terrestrial recordings and the position drawing is achieved by inserting a self-luminous pencil into the parallax plane in question. 4. Luminous pencil according to claim 3, characterized in that the same consists of a glass tube, which throws light scattered up to the tip, so that the tip shines only as a point and with the two becomes a plastic one Spatial images seem to coincide with unified partial images in the same plane will. 1 sheet of drawings.