DE3044837A1

DE3044837A1 - Electrical skin measurement for electro-acupuncture - differentiating pressure-dependent data to obtain turning points on graph

Info

Publication number: DE3044837A1
Application number: DE19803044837
Authority: DE
Inventors: Ludger 6500 Mainz Mersmann
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: MERSMANN, LUDGER, 5445 KOTTENHEIM, DE
Priority date: 1980-11-28
Filing date: 1980-11-28
Publication date: 1982-09-16

Abstract

The instrument gives digital as well as analogue readings. This is achieved by differentiating readings, thus defining the exact turning points on the data versus pressure curve which results from the steadily increasing applied skin contact pressure. Data is stored by a sample and hold circuit and are displayed. The two electrodes (3,2) are placed on the patient (1). They are linked (8,9) to the measuring unit (5) which comprises a battery (10) and a logic circuit (11) including a differentiator. The probe (88) of an electric stimulator (132) may be applied at the same time.

Description

Beschreibung description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine elektronische Meßvorrichtung Fig.1,2,3 zur objektiven Messung von elektrischen Größen an Meßobjekten 1. Zusätzlich kann das Meßobjekt 1 zur deutlicheren Messung vor und/oder während des Meßvorgangs mit einer Reizvorrichtung 132,82, Fig.1,4 behandelt werden.The invention relates to an electronic measuring device Fig.1,2,3 for the objective measurement of electrical quantities on objects to be measured 1. In addition, the measurement object 1 for a clearer measurement before and / or during the measurement process a stimulus device 132,82, Fig.1,4 are treated.

Die Meßvorrichtung kann z.B. eingesetzt werden zur objektiven Messung von elektrischen Größen z.B. auf der Körperoberfläche auf Meßobjekte 1, wobei großflächige und/oder punktförmige Oberflächen am Meßobjekt abgegriffen und/oder gemessen werden können, wie z.B. zur Messung nach der Elektro-Akupunktur an Mensch oder Tier.The measuring device can be used, for example, for objective measurement of electrical quantities e.g. on the body surface on objects to be measured 1, with large-area and / or punctiform surfaces on the object to be measured are tapped and / or measured can, e.g. for measurements after electro-acupuncture on humans or animals.

Begriffsdefinition Folgende in der Anmeldung verwendete Begriffe sollen hier zentral in ihrer Bedeutung definiert werden. Diese Begriffe werden gleichbedeutend mit den hier angegebenen Definitionen und so in den Patentansprüchen beibehalten und verwendet.Definition of terms The following terms used in the application are intended are defined here centrally in terms of their meaning. These terms become synonymous with the definitions given here and as retained in the claims and used.

Meßobjekte Mit diesem Begriff werden stellvertretend bezeichnet: alle Objekte, die mit der Meßvorrichtung Fig.1 2,3 gemessen und/oder zusät=lich vor und/oder während der Messung mit der Meßvorrichtung mit der Reizvorrichtung Fig.1,4 behandelt werden können, wie z.B.Measurement objects This term is representative of: all Objects that were measured with the measuring device Fig.1 2,3 and / or addi = Lich before and / or treated with the stimulus device Fig.1,4 during the measurement with the measuring device can be, e.g.

biologische Systeme, wie Pflanze, Tier, Mensch und/oder Stoffe, wie z.B. organische und/oder anorganische Stoffe.biological systems such as plants, animals, humans and / or substances such as e.g. organic and / or inorganic substances.

In der Anmeldung und in den Abbildungen werden Meßobjekte 1 mit folgendem Symbol gekennzeichnet: Elektrische Größen Mit diesem Begriff werden stellvertretend bezeichnet: alle physikalischen Größen, die am Meßobjekt 1 als elektrische Größe von der Meßvorrichtung gemessen werden können, wie z.B. der Leitwert (G) und/oder der komplexe Leitwert (v) und/oder der Widerstand und/oder der komplexe Widerstand und/ oder EMK-Potentiale und/oder Ströme und/oder Spannungen und/oder Rauschspannungen und/tzder Infrarot-Strahlungen und/oder thermisches Rauschen, wobei diese physikalischen Größen für Gleichstrom und/oder Gleichspannung und/oder Wechselspannung und/oder Wechselstrom mit verschiedenen Frequenzen, wie z.B. im Niederfrequenz-und/oder im Hoch- und/oder im Höchstfrequenzbereich, wie z.B. im GHz-Bereich, wie z.B. von 0,5 bis 12 GHz und/oder im Infrarot-Bereich, gemessen werden können.In the application and in the figures, test objects 1 with the following Symbol marked: Electrical quantities With this term are representative denotes: all physical quantities that are applied to the measurement object 1 as electrical quantities can be measured by the measuring device, such as the conductance (G) and / or the complex conductance (v) and / or the resistance and / or the complex resistance and / or EMF potentials and / or currents and / or voltages and / or noise voltages and / tzder Infrared radiation and / or thermal noise, these being physical quantities for direct current and / or direct voltage and / or alternating voltage and / or alternating current with different frequencies, such as in low frequency and / or in high and / or in the maximum frequency range, e.g. in the GHz range, e.g. from 0.5 to 12 GHz and / or in the infrared range, can be measured.

Stranlungsparameter Mit diesem Begriff werden stellvertretend bezeichnet: die verschiedenen Zustände einer elektromagnetischen Schwingung, wie z.B.Stranlungsparameter This term is representative of: the different states of an electromagnetic oscillation, e.g.

die Schwingungscharakteristik und/oder die Impulsform und/oder die Frequenz und/ oder der Frequenzbereich und/oder die Amplitude und/oder die Polarisation wie z.B. diffuse und/oder lineare und/oder rechts- und/oder linkszirkulare und/oder links und/oder rechts elliptische Polarisation der Schwingungsebenen.the oscillation characteristics and / or the pulse shape and / or the Frequency and / or the frequency range and / or the amplitude and / or the polarization such as diffuse and / or linear and / or right and / or left circular and / or left and / or right elliptical polarization of the oscillation planes.

Piezoschwinger Mit diesem Begriff werden stellvertretend bezeichnet: alle Schwingungswandler 88, die z.B. elektrische Impulse und/oder Schwingungen und/oder Töne und/oder Musik und, oder Rauschspannungen in mechanische Schwingungen umsetzen und auf das Meßobjekt appliziert werden können.Piezo oscillator This term is representative of: all vibration transducers 88, for example electrical pulses and / or vibrations and / or Convert tones and / or music and / or noise voltages into mechanical vibrations and can be applied to the test object.

Ein Piezoschwinger kann z.B. aus einer Piesokeramik und/oder aus einem Piezokristall hergestellt werden und z.B. zur manuellen Halterung zylinderförmig geformt werden und mit Kegelspitze angebracht werden, die die mechanischen Schwingungen auf punktförmige und/oder kleinere Flächen des Meßobjektes 1 überträgt.A piezo oscillator can be made from a piezoceramic and / or from a Piezo crystal can be produced and e.g. cylindrical for manual mounting be shaped and attached with a cone point, which the mechanical vibrations transfers to punctiform and / or smaller surfaces of the object 1 to be measured.

Fortsetzung der Beschreibung Die Erfindung hat zum Zweck, daß der Leitwert und/oder der komplexe Leitwert und/ oder die Rauschspannung und/oder MK-Potentiale und/oder Ströme und/oder weitere elektrische Größen am Meßobjekt 1 gemessen werden können und z.B. Messungen zur Durchführung der Elektro-Akupunktur objektiver und genauer von Anwender gemessen werden und die Meßwerte besser angezeigt und abgelesen werden können, und daß das Meßobjekt 1 durch die Hilfsspannungen und/oder durch die Hilfsströme weniger belastet wird und somit die Meßwerte weniger verfälscht werden.Continuation of the description The invention has the purpose that the Conductance and / or the complex conductance and / or the noise voltage and / or MK potentials and / or currents and / or other electrical quantities are measured on the test object 1 can and e.g. measurements to carry out electro-acupuncture more objective and can be measured more precisely by the user and the measured values are better displayed and read off can be, and that the DUT 1 by the auxiliary voltages and / or by the auxiliary currents are less loaded and thus the measured values are less falsified will.

Durch zusätzlichen Einsatz der Reizvorrichtung 88,132, Fig.1,4 vor und/oder während des Meßvorganges auf das Meßobjekt 1, werden z.B. bei der Durchführung der Messungen zur Elektro-Akupunktur deutlicher und verstärkt durch die Meßvorrichtung Fig.1,2,3 meßbar.By additional use of the stimulation device 88, 132, Fig. 1.4 before and / or during the measuring process on the measurement object 1, e.g. when performing the measurements for electro-acupuncture more clearly and intensified by the measuring device Fig. 1,2,3 measurable.

Es ist bekannt, daß z.B. bei Messungen in der Elektro-Akupunktur Leitwerte und/ oder Widerstände gemessen werden und/oder daß die Meßwerte digital oder analog angezeigt werden und daß Hilfsspannungen für Messungen eingesetzt werden, wie z.B. Rechteckschwingungen, und daß Reizvorrichtungen mit Stromimpulsen eingesetzt werden.It is known, for example, that conductance values are used in measurements in electro-acupuncture and / or resistances are measured and / or that the measured values are digital or analog and that auxiliary voltages are used for measurements, e.g. Square waves, and that stimulation devices with current pulses are used.

Nachteil der obengenannten Vorrichtungen, des bisherigen Standes der Technik ist dabei, daß der Meßvorgang nicht objektiv ist und der Meßwert bei Wiederholung der Messung an derselben Stelle des Meßobjektes 1 vom gleichen Anwender und/oder von einem anderen Anwender nichta reproduzierbar ist. Ferner ist Nachteil, daß die Anzeige des Meßwertes entweder nur analog oder nur digital erfolgte und daß in der Anzeige die gesamte Skalenlänge und/oder der Anzeigebereich nicht ausgenutzt wurde, was auf Kosten einer genauen Meßwertablesbarkeit und Beurteilung des Meßwerteverlaufs während des Meßvorgangs geht. Ferner ist Nachteil, daß einige Meßwerte am Meßobjekt, wie z.B. Menschen, nicht gemessen werden konnten, weil keine geeigneten Reizvorrichtungen eine Provokation auf das Meßobjekt 1, ausüben konnte. Weiterhin ist Nachteil, daß der bei bisherigen Vorrichtungen zur Messung eingesetzte Hilfsstrom das Meßobjekt 1 belastet und dadurch die Meßwerte verfälscht werden, weil eine Gegenregulation im Meßobjekt provoziert wird.Disadvantage of the above devices, the previous state of The technique is that the measuring process is not objective and the measured value is repeated the measurement at the same point on the test object 1 by the same user and / or cannot be reproduced by another user. Another disadvantage is that the Display of the measured value either only analogue or only digital and that in the Display of the entire scale length and / or the display range has not been used, what at the expense of an exact readability of the measured values and assessment of the measured value progression goes during the measurement process. Another disadvantage is that some measured values on the measurement object, such as humans, could not be measured because there were no suitable stimulus devices a provocation on the test object 1 could exercise. Another disadvantage is that the auxiliary current used in previous devices for measuring the test object 1 and the measured values are falsified because of counter-regulation is provoked in the test object.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, obengenannte Nachteile auszuschalten und eine Meßvorrichtung anzugeben, die eine objektive Messung und bessere Meßwertanzeige ermöglicht und deutlichere Messungen durch eine Reizvorrichtung erlaubt. Ferner soll der Meßvorgang in seinem charakteristischen Meßwertkurv-nverlauf. Fig.6 bis 9, erstmals für den Anwender zur Orientierung schon während der Messungen nutzbar und herangezogen und sichtbar gemacht werden, so daß unter definierten Meßbedingungen der Meßwert angezeigt und/oder gespeichert und reproduzierbar wird. Ferner, daß zur Messung keine das Meßobjekt belastende Hilfsenergie verwandt wird, sondern nur ein nicht belastender physiologischer Hilfsstrom und/ oder Hilfsspannung eingesetzt wird.The invention is based on the object of eliminating the above-mentioned disadvantages and to provide a measuring device capable of objective measurement and better display of measured values and allows clearer measurements by a stimulus device. Further should the measuring process in its characteristic measured value curve. Fig. 6 to 9, can be used for the first time by the user for orientation during the measurements and used and made visible, so that under defined measuring conditions the measured value is displayed and / or stored and reproducible. Furthermore, that No auxiliary power that would burden the test object for measurement related becomes, but only a non-stressful physiological auxiliary current and / or auxiliary voltage is used.

Die Rufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß die Meßvorrichtung, Fig.1 bis 3, mit Differentiationsvorrichtungen 18,19,20 ausgerüstet ist, die die Meßwerte, die am Ausgang 17 des Meßdetektors 15, und die Meßwerte, die am Ausgang 31 oder 34 des Drucksensors 4 abgegriffen werden können, differenziert, so daß damit das dynamische Meßwerteverhalten während des Meßvorganges erfaßt und schaltungstechnisch nachvollzogen und ausgewertet werden kann. Bei Messungen von elektrischen Größen an Meßobjekten 1, wie z.B. an biologischen Systemen, wie am Menschen, wie sie z.B. bei der Elektro-Akupunktur durchgeführt werden, zeigen Meßwerte von physiologischen Größen, wie der Leitwert(G1,102, Fig.6 bis 9, und/oder andere physiologische Größen bei Messungen mit Elektroden einen bestimmten charakteristischen Meßwertkurvenverlauf in Abhängigkeit zur Meßzeit (t) und/oder zum Anpreßdruck (P) der Meßelektrode an das Meßobjekt und/oder zu der Beschleunigung des Anpreßdruckes (P).The call is achieved according to the invention in that the measuring device, Fig.1 to 3, is equipped with differentiation devices 18,19,20 which the Measured values at the output 17 of the measuring detector 15, and the measured values at the output 31 or 34 of the pressure sensor 4 can be tapped, differentiated, so that with it the dynamic measured value behavior recorded during the measuring process and circuitry can be traced and evaluated. When measuring electrical quantities on objects to be measured 1, such as on biological systems, such as on humans, as e.g. When electro-acupuncture are performed, readings of physiological show Variables such as the conductance (G1,102, Fig. 6 to 9, and / or other physiological variables a certain characteristic curve of the measured value when measuring with electrodes depending on the measuring time (t) and / or the contact pressure (P) of the measuring electrode the object to be measured and / or to the acceleration of the contact pressure (P).

Der richtige Meßwert ist jeweils dann erreicht, wenn trotz zunehmenden Anpreßdruckes (P), Fig.8,9 sich keine Änderung des Meßwertes mehr messen läßt und der Meßwertekurvenverlauf 104,105 aus dem Anstiegskurvenverlauf 111 in den Übergangskurvenverlauf 112 und/oder in den Endmeßwertkurvenverlauf 113 übergeht.The correct measured value is reached when despite increasing Contact pressure (P), Fig. 8,9, no change in the measured value can be measured and the measured value curve 104, 105 from the rising curve 111 into the transition curve 112 and / or merges into the final measured value curve 113.

Andere danach erscheinende Kurvenverläufe 114,115 sind schon Verletzungskurvenverläufe und repräsentieren falsche Meßwerte.Other curve courses 114, 115 that appear thereafter are already injury curve courses and represent incorrect measured values.

Die Wendepunkte 107,108,109,110 der Meßwertkurvenverläufe werden mit der erfindungsgemäßen Meßvorrichtung durch die Differentiationsvorrichtungen 18,19,20 und einer Logikschaltung 21 bis 25,38,39,65,66 erfaßt und von Leuchtanzeigen 74,75, Fig. 2,3 angezeigt und zur Steuerung des Meßvorganges eingesetzt, wie z.B. zur Fixierung des zum Meßzeitpunkt während Erreichen der Wendepunkte 107 bis 110 gemessenen Meßwerte durch z.B. eine Sample- and Hold-Schaltung 49.The turning points 107,108,109,110 of the measured value curve progressions are shown with the measuring device according to the invention by the differentiation devices 18, 19, 20 and a logic circuit 21 to 25, 38, 39, 65, 66 detected and of illuminated displays 74, 75, 2, 3 and used to control the measuring process, e.g. for fixation of the measured values measured at the time of the measurement while the turning points 107 to 110 were reached by, for example, a sample and hold circuit 49.

Durch wahlweises Umschalten mit einem Umschalter 41,42 kann auch der Meßwert, der zum dritten Wendepunkt 110 gemessen wird, gespeichert werden, so daß damit ein weiteres Meßphänomen bei Messungen von physiologischen elektrischen Größen erfaßt wird. Es ist dies das Meßwertverhalten während eines Meßvorganges, daß dann, wenn der richtige Meßwert 122,126 am Ende des Anstiegskurvenverlaufes 111 erreicht ist, bei noch steigendem Anpreßdruck (P) den Meßwertkurvemverlauf plötzlich in einen Abstiegskurvenverlauf 118 umschlägt und, daß dieser Abstiegskurvenverlauf im dritten Wendepunkt 110 in den versetzten Endmeßwertkurvenverlauf 119 übergeht.By optional switching with a switch 41,42, the Measured value measured at the third turning point 110 can be stored so that thus another measurement phenomenon when measuring physiological electrical quantities is detected. It is the behavior of the measured values during a measuring process that then, when the correct measured value reaches 122.126 at the end of the rise curve profile 111 is, when the contact pressure (P) is still increasing, the measured value curve suddenly becomes one Descent curve profile 118 turns and that this descent curve profile in the third Turning point 110 merges into the offset final measured value curve course 119.

Wobei zur Differentiation des Meßwertverhaltens der dritte Wendepunkt 110 und/ oder der zweite Wendepunkt 121 herangezogen und differenziert und ausgewertet wird. Der Meßwert 126 beim dritten Wendepunkt 110 ist dann genauso groß wie der Meßwert 126 beim ersten Wendepunkt 107,108,109, was als Kriterium zur Steuerung einer Logikschaltung 21 bis 25,38,39,65,66, wie z.B. mit einem digitalen und/ oder analogen Vergleicher für die beiden Meßwerte zur Ansteuerung z.B. einer Sample- and Hold-Schaltung 49 und/oder eines Digital-Analog-Wandlers 50 und/oder einer Anzeigevorrichtung eingesetzt werden kann, um dann den Meßwert zu speichern und anzuzeigen. Damit ist durch Differentiation ein objektives Kriterium des Meßwertkurvenverlaufes an den charakteristischen Wendepunkten 107 bis 110,121 erfaßbar und meßbar und es wird deshalb zur Ansteuerung einer Sample- and Hold-Schaltung 49 zur Fixierung des Meßwertes eingesetzt.Whereby the third turning point for the differentiation of the measured value behavior 110 and / or the second turning point 121 are used and differentiated and evaluated will. The measured value 126 at the third turning point 110 is then just as large as that Measured value 126 at the first turning point 107,108,109, which is a criterion for the control a logic circuit 21 to 25, 38, 39, 65, 66, such as with a digital and / or analog comparator for the two measured values to control e.g. a sample and hold circuit 49 and / or a digital-to-analog converter 50 and / or a display device can be used to then store and display the measured value. So is through differentiation an objective criterion of the measured value curve progression at the characteristic turning points 107 to 110,121 detectable and measurable and it becomes therefore to control a sample and hold circuit 49 to fix the measured value used.

Die Verbesserung der Meßwertanzeige wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß der Meßwert sowohl von einer digitalen Meßwertanzeigevorrichtung 50,53 als auch von einer analogen Anzeigevorrichtung 12,56,57,58 und/oder von einer zweidimensionalen x-y Meßwertanzeige, wie z.B. durch x-y Schreiber und/oder durch x-y Leuchtpunktanzeige, wie z.b. durch eine Leuchtdioden-Matrix. Der Meßwerteumfang wird entsprechend einem Anzeigewerteumfang und/oder einem Skalenwerteumfang von 100 Skalenteilen zugeordnet. Es können durch die digitale und/oder analoge Meßwertanzeigevorrichtung auch größere Spreizungen bzw. Auflösungen der Meßwertanzeigen wie Zehntel und/oder Hundertstel der Meßwerteinheiten, angezeigt werden.The improvement of the measured value display is achieved according to the invention by that the measured value both from a digital measured value display device 50,53 and from an analog display device 12,56,57,58 and / or from a two-dimensional one x-y measured value display, e.g. by x-y recorder and / or by x-y luminous point display, such as. through a light-emitting diode matrix. The range of measured values is corresponding to a Display value range and / or a scale value range of 100 scale divisions assigned. The digital and / or analog measured value display device can also be larger Spreads or resolutions of the measured value displays such as tenths and / or hundredths the units of measurement, are displayed.

Ferner kann die digitale und/oder analoge Meßwertanzeigevorrichtung auch Meßwertausschnitte auf dem gesamten Meßwerteumfang in einem Meßwertanzeigenlupeneffekt vergrößert angezeigt werden, so daß z.B. Meßwerte im Anzeigenmeßwertebereich zwischen 30 und 70 Skalenteile über die gesamte Skalenlänge als 30 bis 70-ikala 79 einer analogen Anzeige 12 aufgetragen und/oder über den gesamten Meßwertanzeigenumfang einer digitalen Anzeige 53 angezeigt werden.Furthermore, the digital and / or analog measured value display device also measured value excerpts over the entire measured value range in a measured value display magnifying glass effect enlarged so that e.g. measured values in the display measured value range between 30 and 70 scale divisions over the entire length of the scale as a 30 to 70 ikala 79 one analog display 12 plotted and / or over the entire range of measured values a digital display 53 are displayed.

Durch eine manuelle und/oder automatische z.B. von einem elektronischen Komperator gesteuerte, vom jeweiligen Meßwert abhängige Umschaltung auf die jeweiligen Anzeigen- und/oder Meßbereiche wird ein deutliches und genaues Ablesen des Meßwertes erreicht, so z.B. wenn der Meßwert innerhalb des Meßwertanzeigenumfanges zwischen 30 und 70 Skalenteilen liegt kann von der gesamten 0 bis 100 Skalenteile umfassenden Gesamtskala 80 auf die Teilbereichskala zwischen 30 und 70 Skalenteile umfassend 30 bis 70-Skala umgeschaltet werden.By a manual and / or automatic e.g. from an electronic Comparator-controlled switchover to the respective measured value dependent on the respective measured value Display and / or measuring areas are a clear and precise reading of the measured value reached, e.g. if the measured value is within the measured value display range between 30 and 70 scale divisions can range from the entire 0 to 100 scale divisions encompassing Total scale 80 on the sub-range scale between 30 and 70 scale divisions 30 to 70 scale can be switched.

Ferner ist von Vorteil, daß die Meßwerte in der analogen und/oder digitalen Anzeige immer dann von der Sample- and Hold-Schaltung 49 abgespeichert werden, wenn der Meßwertkurvenverlauf 104,105, Fig.6 bis 9, den Anstiegskurvenverlauf 111 durchlaufen hat und der erste und/oder der dritte Wendepunkt 107,108,109,110 erreicht ist und/oder durchfahren wird.It is also advantageous that the measured values in the analog and / or digital display is then always stored by the sample and hold circuit 49 be when the measured value curve 104,105, Fig. 6 to 9, the Has gone through the rising curve profile 111 and the first and / or the third turning point 107,108,109,110 is reached and / or is driven through.

Weitrhin ist vom Vorteil, daß als Hilfsnergie zur Durchführung der Messungen der ßlektrischen Größen, wie z.B. Leitwertmessungen, als Hilfsenergiequelle 14 eine Rauschspannung erzeugt wird, die z.B. im niederfrequenten und/oder im hochfreqlenten Schwingungsbereich, wie z.B. im GHz-Bereich und z.B. in dem Rauschspannungsbereich von wenigen mV oder im Rauschstrombereich von wenigen mikro-A.Weitrhin has the advantage that as auxiliary energy to carry out the Measurements of electrical quantities, such as conductance measurements, as an auxiliary energy source 14 a noise voltage is generated, which e.g. in the low-frequency and / or in the high-frequency Oscillation range, e.g. in the GHz range and e.g. in the noise voltage range of a few mV or in the noise current range of a few micro-A.

erzeugt werden kann. Rauschspannungen und/oder Rauschströme belasten als Hilfsspannung bei Messungen wie z.B. bei Leitwertmessungen das Meßobjekt 1 nur sehr gering und verfälschen das Meßergebnis nicht, weil hierauf keine physiologische Gegenregulation des Meßobjekts einsetzt.can be generated. Load noise voltages and / or noise currents only use DUT 1 as auxiliary voltage for measurements such as conductance measurements very low and do not falsify the measurement result because there is no physiological one Counter-regulation of the device under test begins.

Weiterer Vorteil ist, daß zur Erzielung von deutlichen Messungen und auch von solchen Messungen, die vom Meßobjekt 1 noch latent und/oder chronisch gegenreguliert werden und/oder daß zur Messung des dynamischen Verhaltens der elektrischen Größen eines Meßobjektes 1 mit Hilfe der Reizvorrichtung 88,132, Fig.1,4 und deren Einsatz vor und/oder während der Durchführung der Messung am Meßobjekt 1, z.B. Rauschspannungen und/oder durch schwingende Piezoswerkstoffe mechanische Mikroschwingungen auf das Meßobjekt 1 appliziert werden können und/oder, daß über den Eingang 93, Fig.4, zur externen Modulation des Generators 82 der Reisvorrichtung elektromagnetische Schwingungen von anorganischen und/oder organischen Stoffen zur Modulation z.B. eines Rauschgenerators 82 eingesetzt werden und, daß das Meßobjekt 1 mit dieser modulierten Rauschstrahlung vor und/oder während des Meßvorganges behandelt wird, die somit beidesmal verborgene und/oder chronisch latent gebliebene und/oder undeutlich meßbare Situationen am Meßobjekt 1 zu Reaktionen am Meßobjekt 1 reizen und/oder provozieren, die dadurch mit der Meßvorrichtung deutlicher meßbar erfaßt und gemessen werden können. Hierzu kann der Meßdetektor 15 der Meßvorrichtung, Fig.3, z.B. ebenfalls Rauschspannungen und/ oder Rauschströme und/oder Leitwerte mit Rauschströmen als Hilfsenergie und/oder mit einem Piezoelement in der Meßelektrode 3 mechanische Mikrovibrationen am Meßobjekt 1 messen.Another advantage is that to achieve clear measurements and also of those measurements that are still latently and / or chronically counter-regulated by the test object 1 and / or that to measure the dynamic behavior of the electrical quantities a measurement object 1 with the aid of the stimulus device 88, 132, Fig. 1.4 and its use before and / or during the measurement on DUT 1, e.g. noise voltages and / or mechanical micro-vibrations caused by vibrating piezo materials Measurement object 1 can be applied and / or that via the input 93, FIG external modulation of the generator 82 of the rice device electromagnetic vibrations of inorganic and / or organic substances for modulating e.g. a noise generator 82 are used and that the test object 1 with this modulated noise radiation is treated before and / or during the measuring process, which is thus both hidden and / or chronically latent and / or indistinctly measurable situations am DUT 1 stimulate and / or provoke reactions on DUT 1, which thereby can be detected and measured more clearly measurable with the measuring device. For this For example, the measuring detector 15 of the measuring device, Fig. 3, can also contain noise voltages and / or noise currents and / or conductance values with noise currents as auxiliary energy and / or with a piezo element in the measuring electrode 3 mechanical microvibrations on the test object 1 measure.

Die mit der Erfindung erzielten Vorteile bestehen insbesondere darin daß die Messungen auf Körperoberflächen am Meßobjekt 1, wie z.B. in der Elektro-Akupunktur, angewandt, mit der erfindungsgemäßen Meßvorrichtung objektivierbar werden, ohne daß die individuelle Meßsituation von einem Meßobjekt zum anderen Meßobjekt durch irgendwelche willkürlichen Meßkriterien verloren geht, was z.B. der Fall wäre, würden alle Messungen nur bei gleichem Anpreßdruck (P) und/oder gleicher Beschleunigung des Anpreßdruckes (P) durchgeführt, und hierbei gehen die individuellen Besonderheiten bei der Durchführung der Messung nicht mit ein, wie z.B.The advantages achieved with the invention are in particular that the measurements on body surfaces on the measurement object 1, such as in electro-acupuncture, applied, can be objectified with the measuring device according to the invention without that the individual measurement situation goes through from one measurement object to the other measurement object any arbitrary measurement criteria is lost, as would, for example, be the case all measurements only with the same contact pressure (P) and / or the same acceleration of the contact pressure (P), and this is where the individual peculiarities go when performing the measurement, such as

unterschiedliche Hautfeuchte.different skin moisture.

Verschiedene Anwender der erfindungsgemäßen Meßvorrichtung haben ein Meßkriterium, unter welchen Bedingungen der Meßwert stets gleich erfaßt wird, was somit zur Austauschbarkeit und Kommunikation der Meßwerte unter den Anwendern führen kann.Various users of the measuring device according to the invention have a Measurement criterion, under which conditions the measured value is always recorded the same, what thus lead to interchangeability and communication of the measured values among users can.

Dadurch werden Körperoberflächenmessungen objektiv und reproduzierbar durchführbar, auch für ungeschulte Anwender.This makes body surface measurements objective and reproducible feasible, even for untrained users.

Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung sind in den Zeichungen dargestellt und werden im folgenden näher beschrieben: Es zeigen: Fig.: 1 Prinzipdarstellung der Durchführung der Messung und der Applikation der Reizvorrichtung am Meßobjekt 1.Embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawings and are described in more detail below: They show: Fig .: 1 Schematic representation the implementation of the measurement and the application of the stimulus device to the test object 1.

Das Meßobjekt 1 wird von der Meßvorrichtung 2,3,5 entsprechend den elektrischen Größen gemessen. Dazu kann das Meßobjekt 1 z.B. zwischen der Meßelektrode 3 und der Gegenelektrode 2 sich befinden und/oder nur die Meßelektrode 3 allein wird zur Messung eingesetzt. The test object 1 is of the measuring device 2,3,5 in accordance with electrical quantities measured. For this purpose, the measuring object 1 can e.g. between the measuring electrode 3 and the counter electrode 2 are located and / or only the measuring electrode 3 alone is used for measurement.

Die Hilfsenergiequelle 10 und die Meßschaltungl3 und die Logikschaltung mit der Differentiationsvorrichtung 11 und die Meßwerteanzeigevorrichtung 12 sind in der Meßvorrichtung 5 zusammengeschaltet und über die Zuleitungen 8,9 und über die Gegenelektrode 2 und/oder über die Xeßelektrode 3 mit dem Meßobjekt 1 verbunden. Die Logikschaltung 21 bis 25, 38,39,65,66 kann in digitalen und/oder analogen Schaltungen ausgeführt werden. The auxiliary power source 10 and the measuring circuit 13 and the logic circuit with the differentiation device 11 and the measured value display device 12 are interconnected in the measuring device 5 and over the leads 8,9 and over the counter electrode 2 and / or connected to the test object 1 via the Xeßelectrode 3. The logic circuit 21 to 25, 38,39,65,66 can be in digital and / or analog circuits are executed.

Fig.: 2 Ausführungsbeispiel der Meßvorrichtung in einer möglichen Anordnung einer Geräteausführung der Meßvorrichtung, wie z.B. als Frontplatte und/oder Bedienungsseite 5 des Gehäuses der Meßvorrichtung. Die digitale und/oder analoge Meßwertanzeigevorrichtung 12 kann z.B. als analoge Meßwertanzeigevorrichtung mit zwei Skalenaufteilungen 79,80 kontruiert werden. Wobei die Anzeige mit einem Meßwerk 81 und/oder mit zwei für jede Skala separaten Meßwerken erfolgen kann.Fig .: 2 embodiment of the measuring device in a possible one Arrangement of a device version of the measuring device, e.g. as a front panel and / or Operating side 5 of the housing of the measuring device. The digital and / or analog Measurement display device 12 can, for example, be used as an analog measurement display device two scale divisions 79,80 can be constructed. Whereby the display with a measuring mechanism 81 and / or can be done with two separate measuring units for each scale.

Eine Skalenaufteilung kann den gesamten Meßwerteumfang in 100 Skaleneinheiten erfassen und auf der 0 bis 100-Skala anzeigen. Weiterhin kann ein Ausschnitt aus dem Meßwertebereich zwischen 30 und 70 Skaleneinheiten über die gesamte Skalenlänge verteilt werden und als Anzeigenlupe auf der 30 bis 70-Skala 79 angezeigt werden.A scale division can show the entire range of measured values in 100 scale units and display on the 0 to 100 scale. Furthermore, a section from the measured value range between 30 and 70 scale units over the entire length of the scale and displayed as a magnifying glass on the 30 to 70 scale 79.

Ebenso kann die Meßwertanzeigevorrichtung als digitale Meßwertanzeige 53 ausgeführt werden und die gleichen Meßwerte und/oder Skalenwerte in Skaleneinheiten anzeigen wie auf dem analogen Meßwertanzeigeinstrument 12 angezeigt werden. Die digitale Anzeige 53 kann ebenso wie die analoge Anzeige 12 in Zehntel- und/oder Hundertstel-Skaleneinheitenauflösung den Meßwert und/oder den Skalenwert anzeigen. Was durch einem Dezimalpunkt 54 markiert werden kann.The measured value display device can also be used as a digital measured value display 53 and the same measured values and / or scale values in scale units as shown on the analog measurement display instrument 12. the Like the analog display 12, digital display 53 can be in tenths and / or Hundredths of a scale unit resolution display the measured value and / or the scale value. What can be marked by a decimal point 54.

Der Umschalter 43 kann die Meßwertanzeigevorrichtung der analogen Anzeige 12 und/oder der digitalen Anzeige 53 auf verschiedene Meßbereiche und/oder Skalenauflösungen, wie z.B. Anzeige von 0 bis 100 und/oder Anzeige von 30 bis 70 umechalten. Mit dem Umschalter 41 wird gewählt, ob der erste Wendepunkt 107,108,109 und/oder der dritte Wendepunkt 110 des Meßwertkurvenverlaufes Fig.6 bis 9 zur Ansteuerung der elektronischen Umschalter 24,25 und/oder der Speicherschaltungen 38,39 und/oder der Leuchtanzeigen 74,75 der Sample- and Hold-Schaltung 49 eingesetzt werden soll.The changeover switch 43 can be the measured value display device of the analog Display 12 and / or the digital display 53 to different measuring ranges and / or Scale resolutions, such as display from 0 to 100 and / or display from 30 to 70 umechalten. The switch 41 is used to select whether the first turning point 107,108,109 and / or the third turning point 110 of the measured value curve course Fig. 6 to 9 for control the electronic switch 24,25 and / or the memory circuits 38,39 and / or of the illuminated displays 74, 75 of the sample and hold circuit 49 is to be used.

Der Umschalter 42 schaltet die Sample- and Hold-Schaltung so, daß entweder der gemessene Meßwert zum Meßzeitpunkt 123,127,128 beim Meßwertkurvendurchgang Fig.6 bis 9, durch den ersten Wendepunkt 107,108,109 und/oder durch den zweiten und/oder dritten Wendepunkt 110 gespeichert und fixiert angezeigt wird.The switch 42 switches the sample and hold circuit so that either the measured value at the time of measurement 123,127,128 when passing through the measured value curve 6 to 9, through the first turning point 107, 108, 109 and / or through the second and / or third turning point 110 is stored and displayed in a fixed manner.

Die Leuchtanzeige 74 kennzeichnet den Meßzeitpunkt 123,127 beim Meßwertkurvendurchgang durch den ersten Wendepunkt 107,108,109 während des Meßvorganges durch Aufleuchten zu dem Meßzeitpunkt; und es wird zu Beginn eines neuen Meßvorganges durch die Rückstellvorrichtung 18,21 in der Leuchtanzeige 74 gelöscht. Während eine weitere Leuchtanzeige 75 den Meßzeitpunkt 128 des dritten Wendepunktes 110 beim Meßwertkurvendurchgang durch Aufleuchten anzeigt, und es wird ebenfalls von der Rückstellvorrichtung 18,21 zu Beginn eines neuen Meßvorganges gelöscht.The illuminated display 74 identifies the measuring time 123, 127 when the measured value curve is passed through the first turning point 107,108,109 during the measuring process by lighting up at the time of measurement; and it is at the beginning of a new measuring process by the resetting device 18,21 in the illuminated display 74 deleted. While another light indicator 75 den Measurement time 128 of the third turning point 110 when passing through the measured value curve Lights up, and it is also from the reset device 18,21 to Start of a new measuring process deleted.

Mit den Potentiometern 95,96 kann die Intensität und/oder die Frequenz und/oder die Betriebsart der Schwingungen und/oder die Art der Schwingungen der Reizvorrichtung 88,132, Fig.4 gewählt werden.With the potentiometers 95,96 the intensity and / or the frequency and / or the mode of operation of the vibrations and / or the type of vibrations of the Stimulus device 88, 132, Fig. 4 can be selected.

Die Anschlußbuchsen 6,7,86 sind für den Anschluß der Meßelektrode 3 und der Gegenelektrode 2 und der Reizvorrichtung 88,132 eingebaut.The connection sockets 6,7,86 are for the connection of the measuring electrode 3 and the counter electrode 2 and the stimulus device 88, 132 installed.

Fig.: 3 Blockschaltbild der Meßvorrichtung) wie es neben anderen Ausführungsmöglichkeiten z.B. angeordnet und ausgeführt werden kann.Fig .: 3 block diagram of the measuring device) as it is in addition to other design options e.g. can be arranged and executed.

Fig.: 4 Blockschaltbild der Reizvorrichtung, wie es neben anderen Ausführungsmöglichkeiten z.B. angeordnet und ausgeführt werden kann.Fig .: 4 block diagram of the stimulus device as it is next to others Execution options, for example, can be arranged and executed.

Die Applikationsvorrichtung 88'zur Behandlung des Meßobjekts 1 mit der Reizvorrichtung 82,85,88,92,132, Fig.4, kann z.B. als zylinderförmiger Halteschaft 88 mit kegelförmiger Spitze 94 für den Einsatz der Applikationsvorrichtung 88 z.B. auf Akupunkturpunkte um z.B. die mit Piezoschwinger erzeugten mechanischen Mikroschwingungen auf den Akupunkturpunkt applizieren zu können und/oder um elektrische Rauschspannungen und/oder Rauschströme auf den Akupunkturpunkt applizieren zu können. The application device 88 'for treating the test object 1 with of the stimulation device 82,85,88,92,132, Fig. 4, can e.g. as a cylindrical holding shaft 88 with a conical tip 94 for the use of the application device 88 e.g. on acupuncture points around e.g. the mechanical micro-vibrations generated with the piezo oscillator to be able to apply to the acupuncture point and / or to electrical noise voltages and / or to be able to apply noise currents to the acupuncture point.

Die Anschlußbuchse 93 für externe Modulation z.B. auf der Frontplatte 5 des Gehäuses, Fig.2 der Meßvorrichtung montiert werden. The connection socket 93 for external modulation e.g. on the front panel 5 of the housing, Fig. 2 of the measuring device.

Fig.: 5 Modulationssignale, wie sie von der Wodulationsvorrichtung 92 zur internen Modulation der Reizvorrichtung 85,132, Fig.1,4 erzeugt werden und über den Modulationseingang 83 zugeführt werden. Die Schwingung 100 ist ein Produkt aus den einzelnen Schwingungen 97,98,99. Wobei eine Schwingung 97 z.B. eine feste Frequenz mit Nadelimpulsen aufweisen kann und eine zweite Schwingung 98 mit einer anderen Frequenz und mit nach einer e-Funktion abfallendaen Impulsflanken und eine weitere Schwingung 99 mit anderer Frequenz und anderen nach einer e-Funktion abfallenden Impulsflanken. Aus diesen Schwingungen 97,98,99 und/oder aus weiteren multiplikativ zusammengesetzten Schwingungen kann das Produkt der Schwingungen 100 entstehen.Fig .: 5 modulation signals as they are from the modulation device 92 for the internal modulation of the stimulus device 85,132, Fig.1,4 are generated and can be supplied via the modulation input 83. The vibration 100 is a product from the individual vibrations 97,98,99. Whereby an oscillation 97 e.g. a fixed one May have frequency with needle pulses and a second oscillation 98 with a other frequency and with falling pulse edges according to an exponential function and one further oscillation 99 with a different frequency and others falling according to an exponential function Pulse edges. From these oscillations 97,98,99 and / or from further multiplicative Composite vibrations can result in the product of the vibrations 100.

Fig.: 6 Meßwertkurvenverlauf 104, aufgeteilt zu den einzelnen Kurvenabschnitten während der Durchführung eines Meßvorganges, um z.B. den Leitwert am Meßobjekt 1 zu messen.Fig .: 6 Measurement curve profile 104, divided into the individual curve sections while a measuring process is being carried out, e.g. to determine the conductance on the measured object 1 to eat.

Auf der Ordinate 101,102 sind die Meßwerte entweder z.B. als Leitwerte 102 und/oder als Skaleneinheiten 101 aufgetragen. Auf der Abszisse 103 sind entweder z.B. die Meßzeit (t) lmd/oder der Anpreßdruck (P) und/ oder die Beschleunigung des Anpreßdruckes (P) aufgetragen. On the ordinate 101,102, the measured values are either, for example, as guide values 102 and / or applied as scale units 101. On the abscissa 103 are either e.g. the measuring time (t) lmd / or the contact pressure (P) and / or the acceleration of the Applied pressure (P).

Die Durchführung eines Meßvorganges stellt sich im Meßwertkurvenverlauf wie folgt dar. The implementation of a measuring process is shown in the course of the measured value curve as follows.

Zum Zeitpunkt t=O und dem Meßwert gleich 0 am Koordinatenursprung 106 beginnt der Abschnitt des Anstiegskurvenverlaufes 111, gefolgt vom Übergangskurvenverlauf 112, dem sich der Abschnitt des Endmeßwertkurvenverlaufes 113 anschließt. Der weitere Meßwertkurvenverlauf 114,115 ist für die Messungen außerhalb einer Aussagekraft und als falsch zu bewerten, da dieser nur bei Verletzungspotentialen entsteht. At time t = 0 and the measured value equal to 0 at the origin of the coordinates 106 begins the section of the rising curve profile 111, followed by the transition curve profile 112, which is followed by the section of the final measured value curve progression 113. The other one The measured value curve 114, 115 is not of significance for the measurements and to be assessed as wrong, as this only occurs when there is potential for injury.

Fig.: 7 Meßwertkurvenverlauf 104,116 mit Kennzeichnung des ersten Wendepunktes 107,108 als eine der Stellen im Meßwertkurvenverlauf, wenn der richtige Meßwert in Abhängigkeit zur Meßzeit und/oder zum Anpreßdruck (P) und/ oder zur Beschleunigung des Anpreßdruckes (P) erreicht ist und der Meßwert abgelesen werden soll.Fig .: 7 Measurement curve progression 104, 116 with identification of the first Turning point 107,108 as one of the points in the measured value curve, if the correct one Measured value depending on the measuring time and / or the contact pressure (P) and / or the acceleration of the contact pressure (P) has been reached and the measured value should be read off.

Der Meßwertkurvenverlauf 116 eines anderen z.B. Meßpunktes und/oder eines anderen Meßobjektes 1, kann z.B. einen weniger steilen Anstiegskurvenverlauf 111 zeigen. Die Kurvenverlaufscharakteristik bleibt jedoch wie bei anderen Meßwertkurvenverläufen gleich. The measured value curve 116 of another e.g. measuring point and / or another measurement object 1, for example, can have a less steep slope 111 show. The curve characteristic, however, remains the same as with other measured value curves same.

Fig.: 8 Meßwertkurvenverlauf 105, wenn der Meßwert trotz steigenden Anpreßdruckes (P) wieder auf den Meßwert, wie zum ersten Wendepunkt 109 gehörig, zurückfällt. Dabei zeigt der Meßwertekurvenverlauf an einem zweiten Wendepunkt 121 einen plötzlichen Abbruch des sonst längeren Übergangskurvenverlaufes 112 einer Meßwertkurve 104 und dabei wird nur ein Teil eines Übergangskurvenverlaufes 117 durchfahren, der am dritten Wendepunkt 110 in einem versetzten Endmeßwertkurvenverlauf 119 übergeht.Fig .: 8 Measurement curve profile 105, if the measurement value increases despite increasing Contact pressure (P) back to the measured value, as belonging to the first turning point 109, falls behind. The measured value curve shows a second turning point 121 a sudden termination of the otherwise longer transition curve course 112 a Measured value curve 104 and only part of a transition curve course 117 drive through, the one at the third turning point 110 in an offset final measured value curve 119 passes.

Fig.: 9 Meßwertkurvenverlauf 105 mit Eintragung der Meßwerte 126 und der Anpreßdruckwerte (P) 127,128 und/oder der Meßzeiten (t) im ersten Wendepunkt 109 und im dritten Wendepunkt 110. Kennzeichnend dafür, daß der Meßwert 126,127 am ersten Wendepunkt 109 den wahren Meßwert und keinen manipulierten Meßwert darstellt, ist dasjenige Kriterium, daß der Meßwert 126,128 am dritten Wendepunkt 110 mit dem Meßwert 126,127 am ersten Wendepunkt 109 identisch ist.Fig .: 9 Measurement curve profile 105 with entry of measurement values 126 and the contact pressure values (P) 127,128 and / or the measuring times (t) at the first turning point 109 and at the third turning point 110. Characteristic for the fact that the measured value 126.127 at the first turning point 109 represents the true measured value and not a manipulated measured value, is that criterion that the measured value 126.128 at the third turning point 110 with the Measured value 126.127 at the first turning point 109 is identical.

Die negative Steigung im Abstiegskurvenverlauf 118 kehrt im dritten Wendepunkt 110 in den versetzten Endmeßwertkurvenverlauf 119 um. The negative slope in the descent curve 118 reverses in the third Turning point 110 into the offset final measured value curve 119.

Die Identität der beiden Meßwerte 126 am ersten und dritten Wendepunkt 109,110 kann als Kriterium einer objektiven Messung herangezogen werden und z.B. durch eine Logikschaltung ausgewertet werden und zu Schaltzwecken und/oder zur Ansteuerung einer Sample- and Hold-Schaltung eingesetzt werden; und zwar, verknüpft über eine Und-Funktion, wenn beide Meßwerte 126 identisch sind, kann ein Schaltvorgang ausgelöst werden. The identity of the two measured values 126 at the first and third turning point 109, 110 can be used as a criterion for an objective measurement and e.g. be evaluated by a logic circuit and for switching purposes and / or for control a sample and hold circuit can be used; namely, linked via a And function, if both measured values 126 are identical, a switching process can be triggered will.

Claims

Description Measuring device for the objective measurement of electrical Sizes of body surfaces and / or body points on biological systems.

Claims X Electronic measuring device for objective measurement of electrical quantities and their dynamic behavior under the influence of a stimulus device, which are measured on body surfaces and / or body points on objects to be measured, such as e.g.

on biological systems, on acupuncture points on plants and animals and / or human, characterized in that with the help of a measuring circuit (13) and / or with the help of a measuring circuit and a stimulus device (88,132) (Fig.1,4) electrical Sizes of a measurement object (1) are measured and that these measured values from a digital Measured value display device (50, 53) and / or from an analog measured value display device (12,56,57,58) and that with the help of a pressure sensor (4) the contact pressure (P) and / or the acceleration of the contact pressure (p) of the measuring electrode (3) measured can be, and that the measured values (101) are each one of the electrical quantities and / or the contact pressure and / or the acceleration of the contact pressure with respect to their changes in measured values during a measuring process with differentiation devices (18,19,20) - as a function of the measuring time (t), and / or - as a function of the Contact pressure (P) of the measuring electrode (3), and / or - depending on the acceleration the contact pressure (P) of the measuring electrode (3) can be differentiated and / or compared, and that with the output signals and / or with the changes in the output signals of the differentiation devices (1819e20) a logic circuit (21,22,23,24,25,38,39,65,66) is controlled, the characteristic points of the curve (Fig. 6 to 9) evaluates and / or stores the measured values of a measuring process and / or the measuring process controls Claims (continuation to claim 1) and / or over Indicates signal lights (74,75) and a sample and hold circuit (49) accordingly a digital measured value display device (50, 53) and / or an analog measured value display device (12,56,57,58) controls and stores certain measured values during the measuring process and indicates.

2) Measuring device according to claim 1, characterized in that the Measuring circuit (13) (FIG. 3) from a measuring electrode (3) and / or from a counter electrode (2) and / or from the supply lines (8,9) and / or from a measuring electrode (3) which is combined with a pressure sensor (4) and / or from an auxiliary energy source (14) and / or from a measuring detector (15) and / or from an adaptation component (16) exists and / or is interconnected.

3) measuring device according to claim 1 to 2, characterized in that the auxiliary power source (14) a direct current and / or a direct voltage and / or a periodic alternating current and / or a periodic alternating voltage and / or a noisy DC and / or AC voltage and / or a noisy DC and / or Can generate alternating current and that the generated voltage and / or the generated current is generated constantly and / or not constantly by the auxiliary energy source (14) and that the voltage and / or the current feeds and / or supplies a measuring circuit which from the measuring detector (15) and / or from the adaptation component (16) and / or from the measuring electrode (3) and / or from the counter electrode (2) and / or from the supply lines (8,9) and / or consists of the test object (1) (Fig.1).

Claims 4) Measuring device according to Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that that the auxiliary power source (14) alternating voltages in the low frequency range, such as e.g. in the range between 0 Hz and 100 Hz and / or greater and / or in the high frequency range and / or in the maximum frequency range, such as in the GHz range, such as 0.5 to 12 GHzZ generated.

5) Measuring device according to claim 1 to 4, characterized in that the auxiliary power source (14) is constructed as a noise source and a noise voltage and / or can generate a noise current that is rectified and / or non-rectified becomes and in the low frequency range 0 to 1 kHz and / or higher and / or in the high frequency range, e.g. in the MHz range and / or in the maximum frequency range, e.g. in the GHz range, such as from 0.5 to 12 GHz and / or in the thermal noise range, such as in the infra-red range can be generated.

6) Measuring device according to claim 1 to 5, characterized in that the measuring detector (15) emf potentials and / or via a piezo element that is in the measuring electrode (3) is built in, can measure mechanical micro-vibrations of the test object and / or that the measuring detector (15) direct and / or alternating voltages and / or direct and / or AC currents, conductance values and / or complex conductance values can measure and that he can measure the AC voltages and / or AC currents in a specific frequency range and / or can selectively measure in a certain frequency.

, 7) measuring device according to claim 1 to 6, characterized in that the measuring detector (15) can also measure noise voltages and / or noise currents that in the low and / or high and / or maximum frequency range and / or in the thermal Infra-red range can be measured and / or in a closed measuring circuit with measuring electrode (3) and counter electrode (2) and / or in the measuring circuit for high and / or Claims (Continuation of claim 7) Maximum frequencies with a measuring electrode (3) and / or that the measuring detector (15) selectively certain radiation parameters of the measured electrical Measure and / or filter out and / or record variables, such as the degree of Proportion of the different types of polarization of the measured electromagnetic Vibrations in a noise voltage and / or thermal noise radiation in comparison for the total radiation power, such as such types of polarization, among other things as radiation parameters, like diffuse and / or right and / or left circular and / or right and / or left elliptical and / or linear polarizations, and / or as further radiation parameters selectively determined pulse shapes and / or oscillation characteristics and / or amplitudes can measure.

^) Measuring device according to claim 1 to 7, characterized in that the measuring detector (15) at the adaptation component (16) a voltage drop and / or can measure a shunt current in parallel with the adaptation component (16) and / or to Conductance measurement - with a constant constant and / or periodic alternating and / or Noise current the voltage drop, and / or - at a constant DC and / or AC and / or noise voltage can measure the measuring current.

9) Measuring device according to claim 1 to 8, characterized in that the measuring detector (15) for voltage measurement from an analog and / or digital one Voltmeter for DC and / or AC and / or noise voltage with and / or exist and can be used without a high-resistance input and / or from a analog and / or digital ammeter for direct and / or alternating and / or noise current exist and can be used.

Claims 10) Measuring device according to Claims 1 to 9, characterized characterized in that the adaptation component (16) - for direct current measurement with the Measuring detector (15) from a low resistance and / or from a low resistance Resistance with which a capacitor is used to short-circuit high-frequency components in parallel is connected, can exist, and / or - for AC and / or noise current measurement with the measuring detector (15) from an inductance and / or from an ohmic resistance and / or from a capacitor and / or from a combination of capacitor, inductance and / or resistance can exist, and / or - for DC voltage measurement with the Measuring detector (15) made of a high-ohmic resistor and / or a capacitor and / or from an inductance and / or from a combination of these, and / or - -Only AC and / or noise voltage measurement with the measuring detector (15) from one high resistance and / or capacitor and / or inductance and / or from a Combination of these can exist.

11) measuring device according to claim 1 to 10, characterized in that the supply line between the measuring electrode (3) and the input (6) of the measuring circuit (13) and / or that the supply line (9) between the counter electrode (2) and input (7) of the measuring circuit (13) e.g. from a galvanically conductive cable connection and / or from a coaxial cable connection and / or from a hollow and / or strip conductor connection and / or from an optical fiber connection exist and can be used.

Furthermore, the transfers from the measuring and / or counter electrode as well take place via electromagnetic carrier waves, e.g. received by the measuring detector and / or demodulated and / or decoded.

12) measuring device according to claim 1 to 11, characterized in that that the measuring electrode (3) against low and / or high frequency electromagnetic and / or alternating magnetic fields can be shielded and that the measuring electrode (3) e.g.

- as a pointed and / or conical metal electrode with e.g. a cylindrical, insulated bracket for handling and / or Claims (Continuation to claim 12) - as a hollow and / or strip conductor and / or as a coaxial conductor can exist and is suitable, punctiform and / or planar on the measurement object (1) to measure the electrical quantities and / or - as a conical helical antenna, which can be wound right and / or left and / or partially shielded can be and e.g.

can have a point-like directional characteristic and / or - as optical radiation sensor, e.g. as a photodiode and / or photoresistor and / or Phototransistor and / or photo element and / or thermopile and / or photomultiplier and / or further photodetectors and in front of which e.g. polarization filters e.g. for a selective permeability of certain types of polarization, such as linear and / or right and / or left circular and / or left and / or right elliptical and / or diffusely polarized radiation components from the measurement object and / or in front of them E.g. color and / or frequency filters for certain frequencies can be attached and / or - as a sensor for mechanical micro-vibrations of the test object (1) Pressure sensors, such as with piezo elements and / or strain gauges and / or further 3, e.g. in the measuring electrode (3) alone and / or in combination with others Design options for the measuring electrodes for other and / or further measurements electrical quantities can be assembled and constructed.

13) measuring device according to claim 1 to 12, characterized in that the counter electrode (2) against low and / or high frequency electromagnetic and / or alternating magnetic fields can be shielded and e.g.

- as a cylindrical, large-area electrode and / or - as a point electrode with conical contact tip, which is on a cylindrical, insulated holder can be attached and / or screwed on and / or - as a hollow and / or strip conductor and / or coaxial cables that are in contact or without contact in the vicinity of the test object (1) can be brought and / or - as an antenna, such as a helical antenna and / or Spiral antenna for right and / or left rotating polarizations and / or Claims (Continuation of claim 13) - as an optical detector, such as with photo elements and / or photocells and / or other photo elements.

14) measuring device according to claim 1 to 13, characterized gekennzeicnet, that the pressure sensor (4) for measuring the contact pressure (P) and / or for measuring the Acceleration of the contact pressure (P) of the measuring electrode (3) on and / or on the measuring object (1) during a measuring process for measuring the electrical quantities of the test object (1) e.g. as a piezo element and / or as a strain gauge and / or as an electronic one Potentiometer circuit constructed with a mechanical spring for force compensation and can be used and that the measured value in a pressure-voltage converter (32) into one related to the contact pressure and / or to the acceleration of the contact pressure (P) Voltage is converted and can be tapped at the output (34).

15) E1eßvorrichtung according to claim 1 to 14, characterized in that that the measured value available at the output (17) of the measuring detector (1r) is a the electrical quantities of the measuring object (1) measured by the measuring detector (15) via galvanically conductive and / or optically conductive connections (45), (Fig .: 3) e.g.

to a sample and hold circuit (49) and / or to a switch (44) and / or to an electronic switch (24j and / or to an electronic double differentiation device (18) and / or to an electronic inverter (26) can be guided and connected.

16) measuring device according to claim 1 to 15, characterized in that that the measured value measured on the test object (1) as an electrical variable at the output (17) of the measuring detector (15) available measured value from an electronic differentiation device (19) as a function of the contact pressure (P) and / or the acceleration of the contact pressure (P) and / or for the measuring duration (t) of a measuring process (Fig. 6 to 9) in which the measured value is measured by the measurement object (1), is differentiated.

Patent claims 17) Measuring device according to claims 1 to 16, characterized characterized in that the output (17) of the measuring detector (15) directly and / or via an electronic switch (24) with the differentiation device (19) can be conductive and directly connected and / or between the output (17) of the Measuring detector (15) and input (30) of the differentiation device (19) an analog and / or digital inverter (26) is interposed.

18) measuring device according to claim 1 to 17, characterized in that that the input (30) of the differentiation device (19) optionally with a changeover switch (24) switched to the output (17) of the measuring detector (15) and / or to the output (28) of the inverter (26) can be connected, in that the changeover switch (24) e.g.

can be used as a relay and / or as an electronic switch can.

19) measuring device according to claim 1 to 18, characterized in that that the switch (24) (Fig. 3) so from the logic circuit (21 to 25, 38,39,65,66) can be controlled that the switch (24) in the initial position, or in the rest position, the input (30) of the differentiation device (19) to the output (17) of the measuring detector (15) conductively connects and that the changeover switch (24) by modulation or application with a control signal from the logic circuit (21,22,23, 25,38,39,65,66) so the Switches contacts so that the input (30) of the differentiation device (19) is connected to the output (28) of the inverter (26) and at the same time from the output (17) of the measuring detector (15) is separated.

Claims

20) measuring device according to claim 1 to 19, characterized characterized in that the changeover switch (24) is then controlled by the logic circuit (21,22,23,25,38,39,65,66) is controlled for switching, so that the output (28) of the inverter (26) is connected to the input (30) of the differentiation device (19) when the first turning point (109) was differentiated by the differentiation device (19) and the associated measured value was stored by the memory circuit (38) and / or if the measured value curve over time (105) (Fig. 8,9) at the end of a negative slope, or at the third turning point (110) in the descent curve (118) and / or when the measured value (126) at the first turning point (109) with the measured value (126) coincide at the third turning point (110) of the measured value curve profile (104, 105).

The measured value (127) of the contact pressure belongs to the first turning point (109) (P) and / or the measured value of the acceleration of the contact pressure (P) and / or the Measuring time (t) and the measured value (126) of the measured electrical quantity, and third The turning point (110) belongs to the measured value (128) of the contact pressure (P) and / or the acceleration the contact pressure (K) and / or the measuring time (t) and the measured value (126) of the measured electrical size.

21) measuring device according to claim 1 to 20, characterized in that that the analog and / or digital inverter (26) e.g. as an analog and inverting Voltage follower designed and / or switched with an operational amplifier can and / or that the input (27) of the inverter (26) with a blocking diode (29) can be connected that only falling or changing with a negative slope Measured values are inverted, such as such measured values as they are during a measurement process can be measured in the measured value curve (105) (Fig. 8,9) in the descent curve (118) namely between the transition curve profile (112) or part of a transition curve profile (117) (Fig. 8) and the third turning point (110) or the beginning of the offset end measurement curve (119).

Claims

22) measuring device according to claim 1 to 21, characterized characterized in that when the input (30) of the differentiation device (19) directly, as without an interposed inverter (26), with the output (17) of the measuring detector (15) is connected to the output (129) of the differentiation device (19), then a change in the differentiation signal, e.g. from low to high level and / or from high to low level occurs when the measured value is one of the electrical variables beginning during the measuring process in its measured value curve (104) (Fig. 6 to 9) from the starting point (106) from the steeper rise in the measured value in the rise curve (111) passes over and / or changes to the flatter measured value increase in the transition curve (112) and / or passes over and / or changes to the measured value curve that is no longer increasing in the final measured value curve (113) and / or the change in the differentiation output signal can take place at the end of the rising curve profile (111) and / or at the first turning point (107,108,109) of the measured value curve profile (112), and / or if there is no change in the Measured value despite increasing measurement duration (t) and / or increasing contact pressure (P) and / or more uniform acceleration of the contact pressure (P) is to be measured, like it e.g.

occurs at the final measured value curve (113) and therefore with increasing Measurement time (t) at the output of the differentiation device, no change in the differentiation output signal more takes place. The change is made via a logic circuit (21 to 25, 38,39,65,66) registered and stored in the first memory circuit (38).

23) measuring device according to claim 1 to 22, characterized in that that! when the input (30) of the differentiation device (19) is activated and switching the changeover switch (24) connected to the output (28) of the inverter (26) is, and the input (27) of the inverter (26) to the output (17) of the measuring detector (15) is connected, then at the output (129) of the differentiation device (19) one Change of the differentiation output signal, e.g. from low to high level and / or from high level to low level, occurs when the measured value is one of the measured values electrical quantities during the measuring process in its measured value curve (105) (Fig. 8,9) - after passing the rise curve profile (111), and / or - after passing the first turning point (107,108,109), and / or Claims (continued to claim 23) - after passing the measured value of the transition curve profile (112), respectively.

part of the transition curve (117) and the measured value curve after the second turning point (121), falling measured values run with a negative slope shows in the descent curve profile (118), and / or - the change in the differentiation output signal occurs when the steeply negative slope of the descent curve during the measurement process vein curve (118) in the third turning point (110) to an only slightly negative Slope and / or to the offset final measured value curve (119) and / or the differentiation output signal changes when the measured value (126) of the third turning point (110) the same measured value (126) as in the first turning point (107,108,109), and e.g.

from an analog and / or digital comparator by comparison of the two measured values (126) can be evaluated and stored and displayed.

24) measuring device according to claim 1 to 23, characterized in that that the measured by the pressure sensor (4) and at the output (34) of the pressure-voltage converter (32) available measured value in an electronic differentiation device (20) as a function of the pressure (P) and / or as a function of the acceleration of the contact pressure (P) and / or the measuring duration (t) of a measuring process in which the measured value is measured on the test object (1), is differentiated.

25) measuring device according to claim 1 to 24, characterized in that that at the output (130) of the differentiation device (20) for the measured values of the contact pressure (P) and / or for the acceleration of the contact pressure (P) and / or for the measurement duration (t) then a change in the differentiation output signal, such as t.B.

from low to high level and / or from high to low level, occurs, if one of the measured values of the contact pressure (P) and / or the acceleration of the contact pressure Claims (Continuation of claim 25) pressure (P) no more steady increase in the measured values and / or if a turning point in the curve of the contact pressure curve (P) and / or the acceleration curve of the contact pressure (P) and / or the measuring time curve (t) occurs during the measuring process.

26) measuring device according to claim 1 to 25, characterized in that that at the beginning of each measurement immediately when the measured value detector (15) at the output (17) and / or from the pressure sensor (4) and / or from the pressure-voltage converter (32) at the output (34) the first measured value is available, a reset pulse for the logic circuit (21 to 25, 38,39,65,66) is generated and / or generated that the digital measured value display device (50,53) and / or the analog measured value display device (12,56,57,58) and / or the Sample and hold device (49) and / or the electronic switch (24, 25) resets each measuring cycle to the defined starting position and / or to the zero position.

27) measuring device according to claim 1 to 26, characterized in that that the reset pulse for the logic circuit (21 to 25, 38,39,65,66) from the beginning and / or from the end of a measuring process from the last and / or from the first measured value and / or Pressure reading can be generated and e.g. by a double differentiation device (18) from the measured value that is tapped at the output (17) of the measuring detector (15) can be generated and by double differentiation a too short reset pulse generated and the logic circuit (21 to 25, 38, 39, 65, 66) in a starting position and Z or resets to zero position.

Claims

28) measuring device according to claim 1 to 27, characterized characterized in that the differentiation devices f18,19,20) from electronic R-C networks such as

as a high-pass filter and / or from transistorized and / or integrated circuits and / or constructed and used from operational amplifier circuits can.

29) measuring device according to claim 1 to 28, characterized in that that the output signals of the electronic differentiation devices (18,19,20) with pulse shaping devices (21,22,23) changed and / or with a steeper slope can be shaped, e.g. with Schmitt triggers and / or with monostable multivibrators and / or other pulse shaping devices, each of which has a separate tone output (129,130,131) of the differentiation devices (18,19,20) are connected can.

30) measuring device according to claim 1 to 29, characterized in that that the output signals of the differentiation devices (18,19,20), which additionally in their pulse shape by pulse shaping devices (21,22,23) to steeper rising edges can be shaped to control a logic circuit (21 to 25,38,39,65,66) that e.g. from digital and / or analog gate and / or logic and / or inverter and / or toggle and / or memory circuits and / or electronic circuits can consist of an inverter (65) andj or an AND gate (66) and / or from memory circuits (38,39), e.g.

RiS flip-flops and / or electronic switches (24,25).

Claims

31) measuring device according to claim 1 to 30, characterized characterized in that the control of a sample and hold circuit (49) for fixing the display of the measured value curve according to objective criteria (104,105) (Fig. 6 to 9) measured values (126) and / or that the change in the switching state of a Logic circuit (21 to 25,38,39,65,66) and / or an illuminated display (74,75) then by e.g. the differentiation output signal of the differentiation device (19) of the measured values initiated and / or switched and / or by the output pulse is generated when the measured values according to the measured value curve (105) (Fig. 9) have reached the first turning point (109) and have a smaller slope or a smaller one and / or have no more measured value teeth at all, and / or if additionally, what e.g. as a switching change criterion through a logic circuit (21 to 25, 38, 39, 65, 66) can be evaluated, and e.g. by an output pulse of an AND switch and / or a comparator for measured values can be displayed if, for example, the following Linkage criterion is met; namely that the measured value (126) belongs to the third turning point (110) (FIG. 9) with the measured value associated with the first turning point (109) corresponds in terms of value. Is this linkage criterion that the two Measured values for the first and for the second and / or third turning point (109,110) are identical, then z.8.

an output pulse can be generated by a comparator, and / or when the differentiation output of the differentiation device (1X) is changes, this state and / or this switching and / or pulse change and / or the output signal of the comparator can be used, e.g. to control the Sample and hold circuit (49) for fixing that measured value (126) which is used for Time of the measuring process of the first and / or third turning point (109,110) measured and was displayed and / or for the control of illuminated displays (74,75) for display of the measured value curve (Fig. 6 to 9).

32) measuring device according to claim 1 to 31, characterized in that that the logic circuit (21 to 25,38,39,65,66) is switched so that the change of the differentiation output signal of the differentiation device (19) for the Measured values according to the measured value curve (Fig. 6 to 9) at the turning point (107,108,109) then in a first memory circuit (38), such as in a RiS flip-flop, Claims (Continuation of claim 32) is stored - if, for example, there is no change in the differentiation output signal the differentiation device (20) for the measured values of the contact pressure (P) and / or for the measured values of the acceleration of the contact pressure (P) during the measuring process takes place, and / or - if there is no interruption in the time sequence of the measuring process occurs, and / or - when the switch (40) releases the AND gate (66), or does not block and e.g. switched to high level (62), and / or - if the measured value (126) at the first turning point (109) (FIG. 9) with the measured value (126) at the third turning point (110) identical to the measured value curve (105) and / or in a specific relationship stand under each other.

33) measuring device according to claim 1 to 32, characterized in that that the logic circuit (21 to 25, 38,39,65,66) is switched so that the change of the differentiation output signal at the measuring time of the first turning point (107,108,109) .im Measured value curve (104,105) (Fig. 6 to 9) and the storage of this differentiation output signal in the first memory circuit (38) - level control of the electronic switch (24) from the logic circuit, e.g. by changing the output signal at the output (72) (Q) of the first memory circuit (38) a switching of the electronic switch (24) is effected and the input (30) of the differentiation device (19) with connected to the output (28) of the inverter (26) via the electronic switch (24) and the output (17) of the measuring detector (15) from the input (30) of the differentiation device (19) is separated and the output (17) of the measuring detector (15) with the input (27) of the inverter (26) is connected and / or that then at the same time - by control of the electronic switch (25) from the logic circuit, such as that by the Change in the output signal at the output (72) (Q) of the first memory circuit (38) a changeover switch of the electronic changeover switch (25) is effected, and the output (129) of the differentiation device (19) for the measured values and the output (130) the differentiation device (20) Claims (continued to claim 33) for the measured pressure values via the logic circuits (65,66) and the linked common output (67) with the set input (71) (S) of the second memory circuit (39) is connected and from the set input (70) (S) of the first memory circuit (38) by switching the electronic switch (25) from the common output (67) the logic circuit (65,66) of the differentiation devices (19, 20) is disconnected.

34) measuring device according to claim 1 to 33, characterized in that that the logic circuit (21 to 25, 38,39,65,66) the change of the differentiation output signal at the first turning point (107,108,109) in a first memory circuit (38), e.g. in a RiS flip-flop, stores and the memory content at the output (72) of the memory circuit (38) is indicated by a display (74), such as an illuminated display, and that for Time of this change in the differentiation output signal at the first turning point (107 to 109) via the logic circuit and / or via the first memory circuit (38) a sample and hold circuit is activated and that the at the time of the first turning point (10; to 109) of the measured value curve (104,105) (Fig. 6 to 9) measured and displayed measured value (122,126,127) e.g. from the sample and hold circuit (49) and / or from the analog-to-digital converter (50) is stored and the stored Measured value from the digital and / or analog measured value display device (12,56,57,58) is shown.

35) measuring device according to claim 1 to 34, characterized in that the logic circuit (21 to 25,38,39,65,66) changes the differentiation output signal at the second turning point (121) and / or at the third turning point (110) of the measured value curve (105) (Fig. 8,9) in a second memory circuit (39), such as in a RIS-F1ip-Flop, stores and the memory content at the output (73) of the memory circuit (39) an indicator (75), such as an indicator light, is displayed and that at the time this change in the I) if the differentiation output signal Claims (Continuation to claim 35) in the second turning point (121) and / or in the third turning point (110) via the logic circuit and / or via the second memory circuit (39) Sample and hold circuit (49) is controlled and that the zurMeßzeit (t) for Time of the second turning point (121) and / or the third turning point (110) the measured value curve profile (105) (Fig. 8,9) measured and / or displayed measured value (126,128) from the sample and hold circuit (49) and / or from the analog-digital converter (50) is stored and that the stored measured value from the digital and / or analog measured value display device (12,50,53,56,57,58) is displayed.

36) measuring device according to claim 1 to 35, characterized in that that with a switch (42) (Fig.3) on the front panel or operating side (5) (Fig. 2) of the housing of the measuring device as a manually operated switch (42) can be mounted, selected and / or adjusted at what time which measured value of the measured value curve (104,105) (Fig. 6 to 9) during a Measuring process from the sample and hold circuit (49). And / or from the analog-digital wancler (50) is stored and / or as a stored measured value from the analog and, or digital measured value display device (12,50,53,56,57,58) is displayed.

Is the input (48) for controlling the sample and hold circuit (49) via the switch (42) to the output (72) of the first memory circuit (38) connected and / or to the output (129) of the differentiation device (19) for the measured values and / or connected to the output (67) of the logic and gate circuits (22,23,65,66) and / or with the output (70) of the electronic switch (25) connected, then that measured value is taken from the sample and hold circuit (49) and / or stored by the digital-to-analog converter (50), which is measured at that measuring time (123,127) at which the first turning point (107,108,109) on the measured value curve (104,105) (Fig. 6 to 9) is reached and / or a change in the differentiation output signal at the output (129) of the differentiation device (19) adjusts itself and can be registered and / or the memory contents of the first Memory circuit (38) at the output (72) changes.

If, on the other hand, the input (48) is used to control the sample and hold circuit via the switch (42) to the output (73) of the second memory circuit (39) connected and / or connected to the output (71) of the electronic switch (25) Claims (Continuation of claim 36), then that measured value becomes during a measuring process from the sample and hold circuit (49) and / or from the analog-digital converter (50) stored, which is measured at that measurement time (128) in which the second and / or third turning point (110) on the measured value curve (105) (Fig. 8,9) is reached and / or to the output (129) of the differentiation device (19) a change in the differentiation output signal is established and registered and / or the memory content of the second memory circuit (39) at the output (73) changes and / or if the measured value at the measuring time of the first turning point (107 to 109) with the measured value at the time of measurement of the third turning point (110) in terms of value is identical, which is indicated e.g. by a comparator with a signal change can be.

37) measuring device according to claim 1 to 36, characterized in that that with a switch (41) (Fig. 3) on the front panel or operating side (5) (Fig. 2) of the housing of the measuring device as a manually operated switch (41) can be mounted, selected and / or adjusted, - that not the first turning point (107 to 109) in the measured value curve (104,105) (Fig. 6 to 9) and / or the first change in the differentiation outputs of the differentiation device (19), but also the second and / or third turning point (110,121) or change the differentiation output signals the electronic switch (24,25) and / or the memory circuits (38, 39) and / or the sample and hold circuit (49) 1 and / or the comparator for the two measured values at the first and third point of inflection (107 to 110)> and / or the analog-to-digital converter (50) and / or the indicator lights (74,75) controls when the switch (41) the inputs (68) for controlling the electronic Changeover switch (24,25) connects to the output (72) of the first memory circuit (38) and / or connects to the output (67) of the gate and logic circuits (65,66) and / or to the output (129) of the differentiation device (19) for the measured values connects, and / or - that only the first turning point (107 to 109) in the measured value curve (104,105) (Fig. 6 to 9) and / or the first change in the diff-rentiation output signals the differentiation device (19) the elec- Latent claims (Continuation to claim 37) tronic changeover switch (24,25) and / or the memory circuits (38,39) and / or the sample and hold circuit (49) controls when the switch (41) the inputs (68) for controlling the electronic switch (24,25) with firmly connects the reference potential, such as ground.

38) Measuring device according to claim 1 to 37, characterized in that that with a changeover switch (40) (Fig. 3) on the front panel or operating side (5) (Fig. 2) of the housing of the measuring device as a manually operated switch (40) can be mounted, selected and / or adjusted that the differentiation the measured values by the differentiation device (19) as a function of the measuring time (t) (Fig. 6 to 9) and / or whether as a function of the differentiation output signals when differentiating the measured values of the contact pressure (P) and / or the acceleration of the contact pressure (P) should take place. The differentiation of the measured values takes place depending on the measuring time (t) when the switch (40) is the linking and / or Gate circuit (66) does not block and thus the input (63) of the AND gate (66) to high level or to the positive supply voltage (around +).

On the other hand, the differentiation of the measured values takes place as a function the differentiation output signals when differentiating the measured values of the contact pressure (P) and / or the acceleration of the contact pressure (P) at the output (130) of the differentiation device (ZO) when the switch (40) controls the logic and / or gate circuits (66) with the differentiation device (20) and thus the output (130) of the Differentiation device (20) connects to the input (63) of the AND gate (66).

o w claims

39) measuring device according to claim 1 to 38, characterized marked; that the measured values that are tapped at the output (17) of the measuring detector (15) can be, from a digital measured value display device (50,53) and / or from a measured value printer and / or from an analog measured value display device and / or displayed and / or by a two-dimensional x-y measured value display device can be printed and / or recorded. The two-dimensional measurement display devices can e.g. spatial arrangement of several light emitting diodes, executed and / or as x-y Data recorder.

Furthermore, the recorded and / or displayed measured values can optionally from an analog-to-digital converter (50) and / or a memory circuit and / or by a sample and hold circuit (49) according to command control or

Control of the sample and hold circuit saved and / or deleted and / or not saved and / or not deleted. The measurement recorder can e.g.

on the ordinate (102) the measured values1 are divided, e.g. into 100 scale divisions (101), and on the abscissa (103) (Fig. 6 to 9) the measuring time (t) during of the measuring process and / or the contact pressure (P) and / or the acceleration of the contact pressure Plot (P) so that the measured value curve (Figs. 6 to 9) is recorded and the measured value curves in their curve characteristics and turning points (107 to 110,121) can be interpreted.

40) measuring device according to claim 1 to 39, characterized in that that the digital and / or analog measurement display devices (12,50,53,56,57,58) and / or the measured value recorder and / or the measured value printer have such a scale division and / or display division and / or scale and / or display value division, that the measured value range of any electrical quantity of the measured object (1) divided into 100 scale divisions between minimum measured value and maximum measured value where tenths and / or hundredths of a resolution, such as 0.0 or 50.1 and / or 0.00 or 50.18, and / or further resolutions take place and / or are displayed can.

For example, the direct current resistance is an electrical quantity on the test object and / or the conductance, which is approximately between the range from 380 kΩ to approximately 10 kΩ in the scale divisions from 10 to 90 with 80 and / or 800 and / or more Claims (Continuation to claim 40) is divided into divisions, the starting range from 0 to 10 scale divisions and the end range from 90 to 100 scale divisions e.g. in the Display and / or extrapolated linearly on 6 of the scale (80) and / or switched and / or are displayed.

The assignment of an entire measuring range to an electrical quantity to the scale division of e.g. 100 scale divisions and / or 1000 scale divisions and / or other scale divisions can be linear and / or logarithmic and / or accordingly can be assigned to other functions.

41) measuring device according to claim 1 to 40, characterized in that that the digital measured value display device (50,53) and / or the measured value printer off an analog-to-digital converter (50) and / or from a digital four-digit number display device (53) and / or can consist of a printing unit for measured values and that the resolution the measured values in the tenths of a range and / or other ranges are made and displayed and is marked by the decimal point (54), so that with a scale division from 0 to 100 divisions a tenth of a resolution and display from 0.0 to 100.0 and the tenths of an intermediate value can take place.

42) measuring device according to claim 1 to 41, characterized in that that the analog measured value display device (12,56,57,58) and / or x-y measured value recorder and 'or the x-t measured value recorder from a main measuring amplifier (58) and / or from a limiter circuit (56) and / or from a secondary measuring amplifier (57) and / or can consist of an analog and / or digital indicating measuring instrument (12).

Claims 43) Measuring device according to Claims 1 to 42, characterized characterized in that the limiter circuit (56) certain measuring ranges and / or Measurement sections suppressed and / or lifted out within an entire measurement range so that it is prevented that e.g. certain adjustable measured values and / or Display values are exceeded or not reached, e.g. with a scale range of 100 and / or other scale divisions and / or other sub-scale areas, such as Tenth of a scale divisions, in the scale range from e.g. 0 to 100 scale divisions accordingly the measured value range is suppressed and not displayed, e.g. in the scale division range from 0 to 30 and / or from 70 to 100, so that the scale value range is between 30 and 70 or with 40 scale divisions over the entire scale width in a magnifying glass e.g. on an analog instrument (12) on a scale (79) (Fig. 2) with a higher resolution can be displayed, alsrvnern on the same scale length a scale (80) (Fig. 2) 100 scale divisions must be mapped, which is a smaller Includes resolution.

44) measuring device according to claim 1 to 43, characterized in that that the auxiliary measuring amplifier (57) is set so that the by the limiter circuit (56) Certain measured value excerpts set from the entire measured value range and / or that the particular one set by the limiter circuit (56) is not Above and / or below measured value range over the entire scale length of the display instruments (12) can be displayed, so with a smaller amount of Ska: .enteilen, distributed over the entire length of the scale, e.g. in the scale (79) (Fig. 2) from 30 to 70 to get a larger resolution displayed.

45) measuring device according to claim 1 to 44, characterized in that that the digital and / or analog measured value display device (12) e.g. as an analog measuring instrument (12) (Fig.2) can be used and / or that the analog measuring instrument (12) e.g.

with wide-angle and / or broadband scale (79.80) of e.g. 240 degrees Scale range can be equipped and / or that on the scale range of the analog measuring instrument Claims (Continuation of claim 45) e.g. two scales can be marked, such as one Scale with a 0 to 100 scale division (80) and / or another scale with a 30 to 70 scale division (79).

46) measuring device according to claim 1 to 45, characterized in that that the measured values writer and / or the measured value printer and / or the digital and / or analog display instrument (12) optionally on the 0 to 100 scale divisions or can be switched to the 30 to 70 scale graduation, both that the output the limiter circuit (56) and / or the auxiliary measuring amplifier (57) to the measured value display instrument (12) to display the limited scale value range, e.g. from 30 to 70 scale divisions, is connected, as well as that the output of the main measuring amplifier (58) to the Measured value display instrument (12) for displaying the entire scale value range, such as e.g. from 0 to 100 scale divisions, and that once the entire Scale value range from 0 to 100 divisions and / or the other time the limited one Scale value range from e.g. 30 to 70 scale divisions over the entire scale length can be displayed and that the switchover of the measured value display instrument (12) to one of the outputs (58, 59) of the main and / or secondary measuring amplifiers (57, 58) and / or the limiter circuit (56) e.g. with an electronic and / or mechanical Changeover switch (43) can be produced, e.g. on the front panel or operating side (5) (Fig. 2) of the housing of the measuring device as a manually operated switch (43) can be mounted.

47 Measuring device according to Claims 1 to 46, characterized in that that the switchover of the digital and / or analog measurement display instrument (12,50,53) from one measured value range into another and / or into one through the limiter circuit (56) limited measurement range with higher resolution and / or with larger display range also carried out automatically controlled by an electronic measuring range switch can be, according to the switching criterion Claims (Continuation to claim 47) a logic circuit with comparator, that e.g. The greatest possible resolution of the display of the measured values is achieved and how e.g. that then from a smaller-resolution display scale (80) (Fig. 2) to a higher resolution appropriateness scale (79) is switched over when the scale value e.g. of 30 is not undershot and the scale value of 70 is not exceeded.

48) measuring device according to claim 1 to 47, characterized in that that the limiter circuit (56) and / or the main stress amplifier (58) and / or the digital and / or analog measured value display device (12, j0,53,56, j7,58) with and without sample-and-hold operation by connecting and / or not connecting to the sample and hold circuit (49) and / or to the analog-digital converter (50) and / or to a comparator can be operated for measured values and / or certain measured values can save and / or delete, such as by controlling the sample and hold circuit (49) is controlled accordingly by the logic circuit (21 to 25, 38, 39, 65, 66).

49) measuring device according to claim 1 to 18, characterized in that that the connection and / or non-connection of the digital and / or analog measured value display devices (t2,50, j3,56,57,58) and / or the measurement recorder and / or the (measurement printer with an electronically and / or manually operated switch 44) can, e.g. as a manually operated switch (44) on the front panel or operating side (5) (Fig.2) of the housing of the measuring device can be mounted.

P itent claims

50) measuring device according to claim 1 to 49, characterized characterized in that to measure the dynamic behavior of the measured electrical Sizes under the action of an irritant device (88,132) (Fig.1,4) and / or under the action of electromagnetic and modulated vibrations of a stimulus device (88,132) (Fig.1,4) the ron the electromagnetic vibrations organic and / or inorganic Substance is modulated and / or that to achieve clearer measured values on the test object (1) by the measuring device (Fig.1,3) the test object (1) before and / or during the Measurement of the electronic quantities in the measuring process with a stimulus device (S8,132) (Fig.1,4) can be treated, for example, to make clearer and more precise noise measurements on the DUT (1) to be able to perform when the measuring detector (15) noise voltages on the test object (1) measures and / or the dynamic behavior of the measured values of the electrical quantities to be able to measure under influence, if e.g.

as an effect on the measurement object (1) one with the electromagnetic Vibrations of organic and / or inorganic substances modulated noise voltage acts, which e.g. generated and modulated by the stimulus device (88,132) (Fig.1,4) and can be applied.

51) measuring device according to claim 1 and 50, characterized in that that the stimulus device (132) (Fig.1,4) consists of a fixed and / or variable alternating and / or DC and / or noise voltage generator (82) andXor from a light source, which emits diffuse and / or polarized light, and / or from an amplifier (85) and / or from an internal modulation device (92) and / or external modulation connection (93) and / or an application device (88).

52) measuring device according to claim 1 or 50 or 51, characterized in that that the application device (88) e.g. as a conical and / or cylindrical Magnetic coil and / or as horn antenna and / or hollow and / or strip conductor and / or as a piezo transducer and / or as an antenna, e.g. as a helical antenna, the one on the right and / or can be wound left-handed, and / or as a light guide, Claims (Continuation to claim 52) how glass fiber can be constructed, and that the application device (88) e.g. Can be cone-shaped with a cylindrical holder for the punctiform use, e.g. on acupuncture points. The piezo oscillator is a mechanical matter Microvibration can generate in different frequencies and this on the test object (1) can be applied.

53) measuring device according to claim 1 and 50 to 52, characterized in that that the generator (82) e.g. as a noise voltage generator in the low-frequency and / or in the high and / or highest frequency range, such as a noise voltage in the GHz range can generate by the application device (88) depending on the frequency range from a piezo oscillator and / or from a coaxial conductor and / or hollow and / or Stripline and / or applied by a horn antenna to the test object (1) (Fig.1) and which can be recorded e.g. by the measuring electrode (3) and by the measuring detector (15) and can be measured.

54) measuring device according to claim 1 and 50 to 53, characterized in that that the generator (82) e.g. as an optical and / or electromagnetic noise generator from an internal modulation device (92) and / or from external modulation signals can be modulated.

55) measuring device according to claim 1 and 50 to 54, characterized in that that the internal modulation device (92) e.g. certain selectable pulse shapes generated, such as meshed e-functions (Fig. 5), where e.g. a fixed frequency (97) via multiplication circuits with a decaying exponential function Oscillation (98) is multiplied and this product also again over a Claims (Continuation to claim 55) Multiplication circuit with one after another e-function decaying oscillation (99) is multiplied, so that from the multiplication product the fixed oscillation (97) and the el function oscillation (98) and the e2 function oscillation (99) and / or further oscillations and / or further en-functional oscillations das Vibration product (100) arises.

56) measuring device according to claim 1 and 50 to 55, characterized in that that the generator (82) is constructed, for example, as a noise generator and / or as a light source can be, via the connection socket (93) for external modulation, e.g. on the Front panel (5) (Fig.2) can be mounted with such external modulation signals can be modulated, e.g. as modulation rhythms from the device under test (1) itself originate, such as respiratory rate and / or heart rate and / or skin potentials and / or the noise voltage and / or the noise signals of the device under test (1) and / or that as external modulation signals e.g. the electromagnetic oscillations of inorganic and / or organic substances are used, e.g. from antennas such as helical antennas, which can be wound right and / or left hand, are received and on forwards the input (93) for external modulation signals.

57) measuring device according to claim 1 and 50 to 56, characterized in that that the supply (83) of the modulation signal to the generator (82) such as the noise generator via a switch (89) between external modulation and / or internal modulation can be switched, and that the switch (89) on the front panel (5) (Fig.2) the housing of the measuring device can be mounted.