DE3037991A1 - METHOD FOR MACHINING PLANTS IN THE UNDERGROUND PIT OPERATION AS WELL AS MEASURING, AND AN EXTENSION MATERIAL USED FOR THEM - Google Patents

Description

Applicant:

Company Gebr. Knauf Westdeutsche Gipswerke, Iphofen / Ufr.

Title:

Process for mechanically driven tunneling of routes in underground mining operations as well as a construction material that can be used for its implementation

Description

The invention relates to a method for mechanically carried out driving of routes in underground mining operations, in which the area cut free by the tunneling machine will be gradually secured by expansion, as well as an area belonging to it Implementation of usable construction material.

With mechanized road tunneling, e.g. with full headers the excavation of rock sections or the excavation sections using roadheaders, has so far been done in such a way that the tunneling machine is stopped after every 1.5m advance and driven back from the face, then the final expansion brought in, then the tunneling machine back on the Driving face up and finally the next 1.5 m long Section is cut free. The total time spent

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for the construction of such a 1.5 m long section with an average cross-section of the track is about 4.5 h, of which the machine running time is only about a third, i.e. 1.5 h, matters; the degree of utilization of the tunneling machine is therefore only approx. 35%, which results in a drive-up performance of 7 to 8m / Day can achieve.

The invention is based on the object of improving the degree of utilization in a method of the type described at the outset the tunneling machine and thus the drive-up performance. This is achieved according to the invention in that the area in front of and above the tunneling machine by a A provisional expansion that can be brought in quickly is secured and the final expansion is only introduced behind the tunneling machine will.

Since a preliminary expansion is much faster than the final Expansion, e.g. in the form of rock bolts or steel arches, can be introduced, is the downtime in the method according to the invention of the tunneling machine is significantly lower than with the known method. In addition, the final expansion Easier to bring in behind the tunneling machine than under the The tight relationship between the face and the machine means that the heavy construction material is no longer needed hauled away the tunneling machine, which was around 15 m long to become, which significantly reduces the risk of accidents

In a further embodiment of the invention it is provided as a preliminary Expansion of spraying a hydraulically setting material with very high early strength onto the ridges and buttocks of the route. In this particularly favorable embodiment of the invention, the total time required to create a 1.5m long section in the aforementioned example lower to 3 h, which means an improvement in the degree of utilization of the tunneling machine to 50%, so that drive-up performances of about 12 m / day.

However, this rapid route advancement makes high demands to the hydraulically setting material; in practice the provisional one produced in the last 1.5 m section must be used Expansion already show sufficient strength 3 hours after its introduction, the lower limit of which is about 60 kp / cm lies. Such high early strengths cannot be achieved with the known materials.

So has ex. DE-AS 22 16 039 a hydraulically setting material to the subject, which is composed of natural anhydrite (CaSO ^) with a grain fraction of up to 30% below 0.2 mm and gypsum hemihydrate (CaSO ^ · 1/2 HpO). This known material is, however, primarily intended to be used as protection against longwall lines or for the production of longwall line dams, for which a strength of 30 to 40 kp / cm ² that can be achieved only after 5 hours is fully sufficient; For the provisional route safety intended here, such a test resistance would be

but completely inadequate.

According to another essential feature of the invention this known material designed in that the gypsum hemihydrate an ot-plaster is, the proportion of which - on the total amount based - 20 to 60 percent by weight and the grain size

0 to 3 mm with a grain fraction of 0.5 to 5% of the grain sizes

1 to 3 mm, and that the anhydrite content is 80 to 40 Percentage by weight - based on the total amount - has a grain size of 0 to 10 mm.

In this fiction according to the material is the 0C plaster for the high Responsible for early strength, at which the anhydrite as active surcharge contributes; in addition, however, the anhydrite causes excellent delivery and spray behavior, creates one good mortar consistency (introduction of large layer thicknesses!), allows high final strengths to be achieved and, due to its low, creates Price is the prerequisite for an inexpensive material. The grain composition is on the one hand from the point of view To see the economic efficiency, i.e. it should require the least possible grinding effort, on the other hand it should through the coarse-grain content ensures that good conveying and spraying behavior as well as an application-oriented mortar consistency are guaranteed, but also contain so much fine and ultra-fine grain that the material sets quickly and has a high FRUL strength achieved. The grain composition provided according to the invention fulfills all of these requirements, which is particularly

to the extent that it is the case when the oC gypsum content - on the Total amount based on - 30 to 40 percent by weight.

From DE-AS 26 03 699 there is already one consisting only of ° C plaster Material for route safety is known, but this has significant disadvantages compared to the material according to the invention on: Due to its larger amount of fine and finest grain. it is much more difficult to convey pneumatically and contains the There is a risk of a stronger dust nuisance, it is more difficult to wet, the water-solids factor must be kept within narrow limits be discontinued, it is more expensive and has a lower ultimate strength.

In a further embodiment of the invention there is an expedient one Use of the hydraulically setting material of the type indicated above in the manner of the dry overall mixture such an amount of water is added that the water. ser-solids factor 0.1 to 0.22, preferably 0.12 to 0.16, amounts to.

It is advisable to add the water to the dry overall mixture after it has been pneumatically conveyed before it is used.

According to a further feature of the invention, the total mixture as the hydration-promoting 'stimulant sulfates in amounts of preferably 0.5 to 2 percent by weight - on the total amount

ge related - added, with K ₂ SO /, Na ₂ SO ,, (NH ^) ₂ S0 ^, FeSO ^, Al ₂ (SO ^) ₃ and / or ZnSO ^ being used as the exciter.

The following strength values can be achieved with the material according to the invention:

Proportion of early strength, long-term strength

o ^ -Gypsum / anhydrite after 2 h after 28 days

20% 80% 60 kg / cm ² 230 kg / cm ²

40% 60% 140 kgf / cm ² 260 kgf / cm ²

60% 40% 200 kgf / cm ² 270 kgf / cm ²

In contrast, the strength of DE-AS 22 16 known material after 5 hours only 30 to 40 kp / cm, so that there is no question of early strength in the sense sought here can be.

When applying the method according to the invention and using the The material according to the invention can be the degree of utilization of the Tunneling machines, which is currently around 35%, can be improved by up to 50%, which is an increase on the current one Ascent performance from 7 to 8 m / day to around 12 m / day means.

Claims (8)

DIPL.-ING. DR. JUR. Wo BÖHME 8500 NÜ1SMBERG, don 7 " Λ 0. Λ 9cJ0 / j -3 DIPL.-ING. Ε »ICESSEL Frauentorgraben 73 (on Plärrar) ■ 9. J ir »^ * β_τγ r \ / ITC Telephone: (0911) 2273B2, 204283, DI PL.-I N G. V. B O H M E Telegram address: PATBOM PATENTANWÄLTE ^{Telex No.} " ^0523S38 Bank account: Deutsche Bank Nuremberg (BLZ 76070012) No. 13731S
Postal checking account: Nuremberg Office No. 44852-853 Claims . Method for mechanically carried out driving of routes in Underground mining operations, in which the area cut free by the tunneling machine is gradually expanded is secured, characterized in that the area in front of and above the tunneling machine by a quickly introduced provisional expansion secured and the final expansion will only be brought in behind the tunneling machine. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that as a preliminary Expansion a hydraulically setting material of very high early strength is sprayed onto the ridges and joints of the route will. 3. Hydraulically setting material for carrying out the process according to claims 1 and 2, that of natural anhydrite (CaSo ^) with a grain fraction of up to 30% below 0.2 mm and gypsum hemihydrate (CaSO ^ 1/2 HpO) is composed, characterized in that that the gypsum hemihydrate is an oC gypsum, its share - on the total amount based on - 20 to 60 percent by weight and the grain size 0 to 3 mm with a grain fraction of 0.5 has up to 5% of the grain sizes 1 to 3 mm, and that the anhydrite content is 80 to 40 percent by weight - based on the total amount - in the grain size 0 to 10 mm. 4. Material according to claim 3> characterized in that the et gypsum content - based on the total amount - 30 to 40 percent by weight amounts to. 5. Use of the hydraulically setting material according to the claims 3 and 4, characterized in that such an amount of water is added to the dry total mixture that the water-solids factor 0.1 to 0.22, preferably 0.12 to 0.16. 6. Use of the hydraulically setting material according to the claims 3 to 5j characterized in that the water of the dry total mixture after its pneumatic conveyance is added before the place of use. 7. Use of the hydraulically setting material according to the claims 3 to 6, characterized in that the total mixture as the hydration-promoting stimulators, sulfates are added in amounts of preferably 0.5 to 2 percent by weight, based on the total amount. 8. Use of the hydraulically setting material according to claim 7, characterized in that the stimulator K ^ SO ^, Na ₂ SO ₄ , (KH ₄ ) ₂ S0 ₄ , FeSO ₄ , Al ₂ (SO ₄ ), and / or ZnSO ₄ can be used.