DE3031484A1 - Snap action push button switch for printed circuit - applies pressure to resilient film with conductive coating in region of contacts - Google Patents
Snap action push button switch for printed circuit - applies pressure to resilient film with conductive coating in region of contactsInfo
- Publication number
- DE3031484A1 DE3031484A1 DE19803031484 DE3031484A DE3031484A1 DE 3031484 A1 DE3031484 A1 DE 3031484A1 DE 19803031484 DE19803031484 DE 19803031484 DE 3031484 A DE3031484 A DE 3031484A DE 3031484 A1 DE3031484 A1 DE 3031484A1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- push button
- button switch
- printed circuit
- circuit board
- switch according
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H13/00—Switches having rectilinearly-movable operating part or parts adapted for pushing or pulling in one direction only, e.g. push-button switch
- H01H13/70—Switches having rectilinearly-movable operating part or parts adapted for pushing or pulling in one direction only, e.g. push-button switch having a plurality of operating members associated with different sets of contacts, e.g. keyboard
- H01H13/78—Switches having rectilinearly-movable operating part or parts adapted for pushing or pulling in one direction only, e.g. push-button switch having a plurality of operating members associated with different sets of contacts, e.g. keyboard characterised by the contacts or the contact sites
- H01H13/785—Switches having rectilinearly-movable operating part or parts adapted for pushing or pulling in one direction only, e.g. push-button switch having a plurality of operating members associated with different sets of contacts, e.g. keyboard characterised by the contacts or the contact sites characterised by the material of the contacts, e.g. conductive polymers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H13/00—Switches having rectilinearly-movable operating part or parts adapted for pushing or pulling in one direction only, e.g. push-button switch
- H01H13/70—Switches having rectilinearly-movable operating part or parts adapted for pushing or pulling in one direction only, e.g. push-button switch having a plurality of operating members associated with different sets of contacts, e.g. keyboard
- H01H13/702—Switches having rectilinearly-movable operating part or parts adapted for pushing or pulling in one direction only, e.g. push-button switch having a plurality of operating members associated with different sets of contacts, e.g. keyboard with contacts carried by or formed from layers in a multilayer structure, e.g. membrane switches
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H13/00—Switches having rectilinearly-movable operating part or parts adapted for pushing or pulling in one direction only, e.g. push-button switch
- H01H13/70—Switches having rectilinearly-movable operating part or parts adapted for pushing or pulling in one direction only, e.g. push-button switch having a plurality of operating members associated with different sets of contacts, e.g. keyboard
- H01H13/702—Switches having rectilinearly-movable operating part or parts adapted for pushing or pulling in one direction only, e.g. push-button switch having a plurality of operating members associated with different sets of contacts, e.g. keyboard with contacts carried by or formed from layers in a multilayer structure, e.g. membrane switches
- H01H13/703—Switches having rectilinearly-movable operating part or parts adapted for pushing or pulling in one direction only, e.g. push-button switch having a plurality of operating members associated with different sets of contacts, e.g. keyboard with contacts carried by or formed from layers in a multilayer structure, e.g. membrane switches characterised by spacers between contact carrying layers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H2201/00—Contacts
- H01H2201/022—Material
- H01H2201/032—Conductive polymer; Rubber
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H2201/00—Contacts
- H01H2201/022—Material
- H01H2201/032—Conductive polymer; Rubber
- H01H2201/036—Variable resistance
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H2207/00—Connections
- H01H2207/04—Details of printed conductors
- H01H2207/044—Resist layer
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H2209/00—Layers
- H01H2209/014—Layers composed of different layers; Lubricant in between
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H2209/00—Layers
- H01H2209/018—Layers flat, smooth or ripple-free
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H2211/00—Spacers
- H01H2211/026—Spacers without separate element
- H01H2211/028—Contacts in depressions of layers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H2211/00—Spacers
- H01H2211/026—Spacers without separate element
- H01H2211/032—Pressure sensitive layer on contacts
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H2215/00—Tactile feedback
- H01H2215/004—Collapsible dome or bubble
- H01H2215/006—Only mechanical function
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H2217/00—Facilitation of operation; Human engineering
- H01H2217/016—Pressure reduction membrane; Spreader layer
Landscapes
- Push-Button Switches (AREA)
Abstract
Description
DRUCKTASTENSCHALTER Beschreibung Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf einen Drucktastenschalter mit Schnappcharakteristik, bei dem eine mit mehreren domförmigen Auswölbungen versehene dünne Kunststoffolie mittels je einem über den Auswölbungen angeordneten Tastenknopf verformt wird, und hierbei wenigstens zwei Kontaktbahnen einer gedruckten Leiterplatte kontaktierbar sind. PUSH BUTTON SWITCHES Description The invention relates to a Pushbutton switches with snap-action characteristics, in which one with several dome-shaped Thin plastic film provided with bulges by means of one over the bulges arranged key button is deformed, and here at least two contact tracks a printed circuit board can be contacted.
Es sind bereits Drucktasteneinheiten bekannt, die eine mit Leiterbahnen versehene Deckfolie aufweisen, wobei diese Auswölbungen besitzt, die auch als "Schaltfrosch" bezeichnet werden. Die Deckfolie ist über einer weiteren Kontaktleiterplatte angeordnet, die Kontaktstellen unterhalb den Auswölbungen der Deckfolie trägt. Eine isolierende Zwischenlage trennt die Kontakt-Leiterplatte von der mit "Schaltfröschen" und Leiterbahnen versehenen flexiblen Deck folie.There are already known push button units, one with conductor tracks have provided cover sheet, this has bulges, also known as "Schaltfrosch" are designated. The cover film is arranged over another contact circuit board, the contact points below the Bulges of the cover film carries. An insulating intermediate layer separates the contact circuit board from the one marked with "switching frogs" and flexible cover film provided with conductor tracks.
Die Zwischenlage weist an den Stellen, an denen später ein elektrischer Kontakt geschlossen werden soll, Öffnungen auf.The intermediate layer points at the points where an electrical Contact is to be closed, openings open.
Wird ein "Schaltfrosch" betätigt, so entsteht eine elektrisch leitende Verbindung zwischen den auf der Rückseite des *Schaltfrosches" aufgebrachten Leiterbahnen und der Kontakt-Leiterplatte. Über der Deck folie befindet sich ein Abdeckrahmen, in den einzelne aus Kunststoff gespritzte Drucktastenknöpfe eingelegt sind. Alle diese Einzelteile sind als kompakte Einheit zusammengefaßt, wobei diese noch zusätzliche Befestigungs- und Abdeckteile aufweist.If a "switching frog" is actuated, an electrically conductive one is created Connection between the conductor tracks on the back of the * switching frog " and the contact circuit board. There is a cover frame above the cover film, in which individual pushbutton buttons molded from plastic are inserted. All these items are combined as a compact unit, with this additional Has fastening and cover parts.
Nachteilig ist bei den bekannten Aufbauten von Drucktastenschaltern, daß durch Verwendung verschiedener Leiterplatten (Deckfolien- und Kontakt-Leiterplatte) ein erheblicher Aufwand entsteht und der Drucktastenschalter nicht ohne besondere Vorkehrungen auf einer bereits im Gerät vorhandenen und mit anderen Bauteilen bestückten Leiterplatten aufsetzbar ist.The disadvantage of the known structures of pushbutton switches that by using different circuit boards (cover foil and contact circuit board) a considerable effort arises and the push button switch is not without special Take precautions on an already existing in the device and equipped with other components Printed circuit boards can be placed.
Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen Drucktastenschalter zu schaffen, dessen Aufbau möglichst einfach ist und der auf jede beliebige Leiterplatte gesetzt werden kann, ohne daß mehrere Folienteile mit aufgebrachten Leiterbahnen erforderlich sind.The invention is therefore based on the object of a push button switch to create the structure of which is as simple as possible and which can be used on any printed circuit board can be set without several foil parts with applied conductor tracks required are.
Diese Aufgabe ist bei einem Drucktastenschalter der im Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 definierten Gattung gemäß der Erfindung durch die Merkmale im Kennzeichnungsteil des Anspruchs 1 gelöst.In the case of a pushbutton switch, this task is the one in the generic term of claim 1 defined genus according to the invention by the features in the characterizing part of claim 1 solved.
Die Erfindung wird anhand der Zeichnungen näher erläutert. Es zeigt Fig. 1 eine schematische Ansicht eines Tastenschalters im Schnitt, Fig. 2 und Fig. 3 einen geringfügig veränderden Aufbau der Fig. 1.The invention is explained in more detail with reference to the drawings. It shows Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a key switch in section, Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 shows a slightly modified structure from FIG. 1.
Die Fig. 1 zeigt in schematischer Darstellung eine Teilansicht im Schnitt eines Drucktasten schalters gem. der Erfindung. Der Drucktastenschalter besteht im wesentlichen aus einer gedruckten Leiterplatte 1, einer Kunststoffolie 2 und einer zwischen beiden Teilen liegenden elastischen Matte 3. Die Kunststoffolie weist nach der Darstellung eine domförmige Auswölbung 4 auf. Über der Auswölbung 4 der Kunststoffolie befindet sich eine elastische Gummi- oder Kunststoffplatte 5. Weiterhin ist über der gleichen Stelle ein Tastenknopf 6 ungeordnet.Fig. 1 shows a schematic representation of a partial view in Section of a push button switch according to the invention. The push button switch consists essentially of a printed circuit board 1, a plastic film 2 and an elastic mat 3 between the two parts. The plastic film has a dome-shaped bulge 4 according to the illustration. Above the bulge 4 of the plastic film is an elastic rubber or plastic plate 5. Furthermore, a key button 6 is disordered above the same point.
Die Gummiplatte 5 dient zur Druckverteilung des im Bedarfsfalle ausgeübten Tastenknopfdruckes auf die domförmige Auswölbung 4 der Kunststoffolie 2. Auf der Leiterplatte 1 sind wenigstens zwei meist gegenuberliegende Kontaktbahnen 7 aufgebracht. Über den Kontaktbahnen 7 weist die elastische Matte 3 eine Ausnehmung 8 auf, wobei die Matte 3 aus Gummi oder Kunststoff gefertigt und vorwiegend als Formteil ausgebildet ist. Im Inneren der Ausnehmung 8 ist eine elektrisch leitende Schicht 9 so aufgebracht, daß im Ruhezustand des Tastenknopfes ein geringer Abstand zu den Kontaktbahnen 7 der Leiterplatte 1 gewährleistet ist. Die leitende Schicht 9 kann aufgedruckt oder in Form einer Metallfolie in die Ausnehmung eingelegt werden.The rubber plate 5 serves to distribute the pressure exerted when necessary Press the button on the dome-shaped bulge 4 of the plastic film 2. On the Circuit board 1, at least two mostly opposite contact tracks 7 are applied. Above the contact tracks 7, the elastic mat 3 has a recess 8, wherein the Mat 3 made of rubber or plastic and mainly designed as a molded part is. In the interior of the recess 8, an electrically conductive layer 9 is applied in such a way that that in the idle state of the key button a small distance from the contact tracks 7 the circuit board 1 is guaranteed. The conductive layer 9 can be printed or be inserted into the recess in the form of a metal foil.
Wird nun ein leichter Druck auf den Tastenknopf 6 ausgeübt, so überträgt sich dieser über die Gummiplatte 5 gleichmäßig auf die domförmige Auswölbung 4 der Kunststoffolie und der elastischen Matte 3. Die Auswölbung 4 weist eine Schnappcharakteristik auf und wird daher auch "Schaltfrosch" genannt. Schnappt die Auswölbung in Richtung Leiterplatte durch, so drückt diese auf die elastische Matte 3, wodurch die beiden Kontaktbahnen 7 durch die inzwischen aufliegende leitende Schicht 9 überbrückt werden, und an dieser Stelle der Drucktasten schalter elektrisch geschlossen ist. Wird der Druck von dem Tastenknopf 6 weggenommen, so schnappt die Auswölbung 4 in ihre Ausgangslage zurück und die Kontaktbrücke zwischen den Kontaktbahnen 7 wird aufgehoben Für den praktischen Einsatz sind verschiedene Schaltkombinationen in einfachster Weise durch entsprechende Gestaltung der Kontaktbahnen 7 möglich. Weiterhin sind Drucktastenschalter nach dem geschilderten Aufbau vorwiegend als Flächendrucktastenschalter mit einer bedarfsweise abgestimmten Schalter-bzw. Tastenknopfzahl ausgeführt.If a slight pressure is now exerted on the key button 6, the data is transmitted This is evenly on the rubber plate 5 on the dome-shaped bulge 4 of the Plastic film and the elastic mat 3. The bulge 4 has a snap characteristic on and is therefore also called "switching frog". Snap the bulge towards Printed circuit board through, so this presses on the elastic mat 3, whereby the two Contact tracks 7 are bridged by the conductive layer 9 that is now on top, and at this point the pushbutton switch is electrically closed. Will the Pressure removed from the key button 6, the bulge 4 snaps into its starting position back and the contact bridge between the contact tracks 7 is canceled for the practical use are different switching combinations in the simplest possible way corresponding design of the contact tracks 7 possible. Farther are pushbutton switches based on the structure described, primarily as flat pushbutton switches with a switch or switch matched as required. Number of buttons executed.
Die Fig. 2 zeigt einen Drucktasten schalter gemäß der Erfindung, bei den die elastische Matte 3 aus elektrisch leitendem Gummi hergestellt ist, und somit das Aufbringen der leitenden Schicht in der Ausnehmung 8 entfällt. Bei diesem Aufbau ist eine Isolierung für den die Kontaktbahn 7 verbindenen Leitern erforderlich. Diese Isolierung kann in einfachster Weise durch den üblicherweise bereits auf die gedruckte Schaltungsplatte aufgebrachten Decklack übernommen werden.Fig. 2 shows a push button switch according to the invention, at that the elastic mat 3 is made of electrically conductive rubber, and thus the application of the conductive layer in the recess 8 is omitted. With this structure insulation is required for the conductors connecting the contact track 7. This isolation can be done in the simplest way by the usually already on the printed circuit board applied top coat.
Nch Fig. 3 ist ein Ausführungsbeispiel dargestellt, bei dem die elastische Matte 3 aus einer Gummimatte hergestellt ist, die erst bei einem Oberflöchendruck ausreichend elektrisch leitfähig wird. Hierdurch entfällt zusätzlich zur Ausführung nach Fig. 2 die Ausnehmung 8 des Drucktasten schalters sowie die Isolierung für die Zuleitung der Kontaktbahnen 7. Gummimatten, die ausreichend elektrisch leitfähig sind oder erst durch Druck eine ausreichende elektrische Leitfähigkeit erhalten, sind hinreichend bekannt und bedürfen keiner weiteren Erläuterung.Nch Fig. 3 shows an embodiment in which the elastic Mat 3 is made from a rubber mat, which only occurs when there is a surface pressure becomes sufficiently electrically conductive. This also eliminates the need for execution According to Fig. 2, the recess 8 of the push button switch and the insulation for the supply line of the contact tracks 7. rubber mats that are sufficiently electrically conductive are or only obtain sufficient electrical conductivity through pressure, are well known and do not require any further explanation.
Claims (9)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19803031484 DE3031484A1 (en) | 1980-08-21 | 1980-08-21 | Snap action push button switch for printed circuit - applies pressure to resilient film with conductive coating in region of contacts |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19803031484 DE3031484A1 (en) | 1980-08-21 | 1980-08-21 | Snap action push button switch for printed circuit - applies pressure to resilient film with conductive coating in region of contacts |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DE3031484A1 true DE3031484A1 (en) | 1982-11-04 |
Family
ID=6110065
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DE19803031484 Ceased DE3031484A1 (en) | 1980-08-21 | 1980-08-21 | Snap action push button switch for printed circuit - applies pressure to resilient film with conductive coating in region of contacts |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
DE (1) | DE3031484A1 (en) |
Cited By (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE9216956U1 (en) * | 1992-12-12 | 1993-02-11 | Skultety, Ivan, 50767 Köln | Keyboard switching device |
WO2001041171A1 (en) * | 1997-10-01 | 2001-06-07 | Armstrong Brad A | Variable-conductance sensor with elastomeric dome-cap |
US6310606B1 (en) | 1992-03-05 | 2001-10-30 | Brad A. Armstrong | Multi-plane sheet connected sensors |
US6344791B1 (en) | 1998-07-24 | 2002-02-05 | Brad A. Armstrong | Variable sensor with tactile feedback |
DE10065806C1 (en) * | 2000-12-30 | 2002-02-21 | Helag Electronic Gmbh | Electromechanical switch with snap-action element used for operation of switch dome of switch mat |
US6404584B2 (en) | 1997-10-01 | 2002-06-11 | Brad A. Armstrong | Analog controls housed with electronic displays for voice recorders |
US6415707B1 (en) | 1997-10-01 | 2002-07-09 | Brad A. Armstrong | Analog controls housed with electronic displays for coffee makers |
US6456778B2 (en) | 1997-10-01 | 2002-09-24 | Brad A. Armstrong | Analog controls housed with electronic displays for video recorders and cameras |
US6470078B1 (en) | 1997-10-01 | 2002-10-22 | Brad A. Armstrong | Analog controls housed with electronic displays for telephones |
US6532000B2 (en) | 1997-10-01 | 2003-03-11 | Brad A. Armstrong | Analog controls housed with electronic displays for global positioning systems |
US6563415B2 (en) | 1996-07-05 | 2003-05-13 | Brad A. Armstrong | Analog sensor(s) with snap-through tactile feedback |
US8674932B2 (en) | 1996-07-05 | 2014-03-18 | Anascape, Ltd. | Image controller |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2338746A1 (en) * | 1973-07-31 | 1975-02-13 | Licentia Gmbh | Key switch for program stores in radio and TV receivers - has electrodes on two opposite supports in switch pressure region with associated conductors |
DE2451294A1 (en) * | 1973-10-31 | 1975-05-07 | Essex International Inc | CIRCUIT BOARD AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING A CIRCUIT BOARD |
DE2902892A1 (en) * | 1978-01-26 | 1979-08-02 | Shinetsu Polymer Co | ELASTOMER FILM WITH ELECTRIC CONTACT PIECES |
DE2922276A1 (en) * | 1978-06-08 | 1979-12-13 | Nissan Motor | COUNTER |
-
1980
- 1980-08-21 DE DE19803031484 patent/DE3031484A1/en not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2338746A1 (en) * | 1973-07-31 | 1975-02-13 | Licentia Gmbh | Key switch for program stores in radio and TV receivers - has electrodes on two opposite supports in switch pressure region with associated conductors |
DE2451294A1 (en) * | 1973-10-31 | 1975-05-07 | Essex International Inc | CIRCUIT BOARD AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING A CIRCUIT BOARD |
DE2902892A1 (en) * | 1978-01-26 | 1979-08-02 | Shinetsu Polymer Co | ELASTOMER FILM WITH ELECTRIC CONTACT PIECES |
DE2922276A1 (en) * | 1978-06-08 | 1979-12-13 | Nissan Motor | COUNTER |
Cited By (20)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US9081426B2 (en) | 1992-03-05 | 2015-07-14 | Anascape, Ltd. | Image controller |
US6310606B1 (en) | 1992-03-05 | 2001-10-30 | Brad A. Armstrong | Multi-plane sheet connected sensors |
DE9216956U1 (en) * | 1992-12-12 | 1993-02-11 | Skultety, Ivan, 50767 Köln | Keyboard switching device |
US8674932B2 (en) | 1996-07-05 | 2014-03-18 | Anascape, Ltd. | Image controller |
US6563415B2 (en) | 1996-07-05 | 2003-05-13 | Brad A. Armstrong | Analog sensor(s) with snap-through tactile feedback |
US6496449B1 (en) | 1997-10-01 | 2002-12-17 | Brad A. Armstrong | Analog controls housed with electronic displays for clocks |
US6538638B1 (en) | 1997-10-01 | 2003-03-25 | Brad A. Armstrong | Analog controls housed with electronic displays for pagers |
US6456778B2 (en) | 1997-10-01 | 2002-09-24 | Brad A. Armstrong | Analog controls housed with electronic displays for video recorders and cameras |
US6470078B1 (en) | 1997-10-01 | 2002-10-22 | Brad A. Armstrong | Analog controls housed with electronic displays for telephones |
WO2001041171A1 (en) * | 1997-10-01 | 2001-06-07 | Armstrong Brad A | Variable-conductance sensor with elastomeric dome-cap |
US6404584B2 (en) | 1997-10-01 | 2002-06-11 | Brad A. Armstrong | Analog controls housed with electronic displays for voice recorders |
US6415707B1 (en) | 1997-10-01 | 2002-07-09 | Brad A. Armstrong | Analog controls housed with electronic displays for coffee makers |
US6518953B1 (en) | 1997-10-01 | 2003-02-11 | Brad A. Armstrong | Analog controls housed with electronic displays for remote controllers having feedback display screens |
US6529185B1 (en) | 1997-10-01 | 2003-03-04 | Brad A. Armstrong | Analog controls housed with electronic displays for electronic books |
US6532000B2 (en) | 1997-10-01 | 2003-03-11 | Brad A. Armstrong | Analog controls housed with electronic displays for global positioning systems |
US6344791B1 (en) | 1998-07-24 | 2002-02-05 | Brad A. Armstrong | Variable sensor with tactile feedback |
US6504527B1 (en) | 1999-05-11 | 2003-01-07 | Brad A. Armstrong | Analog controls housed with electronic displays for computer monitors |
US6559831B1 (en) | 1999-05-11 | 2003-05-06 | Brad A. Armstrong | Analog controls housed with electronic displays for personal digital assistants |
US6469691B1 (en) | 1999-05-11 | 2002-10-22 | Brad A. Armstrong | Analog controls housed with electronic displays for hand-held web browsers |
DE10065806C1 (en) * | 2000-12-30 | 2002-02-21 | Helag Electronic Gmbh | Electromechanical switch with snap-action element used for operation of switch dome of switch mat |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
8110 | Request for examination paragraph 44 | ||
8127 | New person/name/address of the applicant |
Owner name: GRUNDIG E.M.V. ELEKTRO-MECHANISCHE VERSUCHSANSTALT |
|
8131 | Rejection |