DE3027433A1 - Pressure diffusion sepn. method for mixts. - uses perpendicular identical frequency wave fields with differing phases - Google Patents
Pressure diffusion sepn. method for mixts. - uses perpendicular identical frequency wave fields with differing phasesInfo
- Publication number
- DE3027433A1 DE3027433A1 DE19803027433 DE3027433A DE3027433A1 DE 3027433 A1 DE3027433 A1 DE 3027433A1 DE 19803027433 DE19803027433 DE 19803027433 DE 3027433 A DE3027433 A DE 3027433A DE 3027433 A1 DE3027433 A1 DE 3027433A1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D21/00—Separation of suspended solid particles from liquids by sedimentation
- B01D21/28—Mechanical auxiliary equipment for acceleration of sedimentation, e.g. by vibrators or the like
- B01D21/283—Settling tanks provided with vibrators
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D17/00—Separation of liquids, not provided for elsewhere, e.g. by thermal diffusion
- B01D17/02—Separation of non-miscible liquids
- B01D17/04—Breaking emulsions
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D43/00—Separating particles from liquids, or liquids from solids, otherwise than by sedimentation or filtration
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D45/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours by gravity, inertia, or centrifugal forces
- B01D45/12—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours by gravity, inertia, or centrifugal forces by centrifugal forces
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D59/00—Separation of different isotopes of the same chemical element
- B01D59/50—Separation involving two or more processes covered by different groups selected from groups B01D59/02, B01D59/10, B01D59/20, B01D59/22, B01D59/28, B01D59/34, B01D59/36, B01D59/38, B01D59/44
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Centrifugal Separators (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Verfahren zur TrennungThe invention relates to a method of separation
von Gemischen aufgrund unterschiedlichem Molekular-bzw.of mixtures due to different molecular or.
spezifischem Gewicht mit gasförml#/gasfärmig,gasformig/ kolloidal,flüssig/flüssig oder #1üssig/fest-Komponenten.specific gravity with gaseous / gaseous, gaseous / colloidal, liquid / liquid or # 1 liquid / solid components.
Solche physikalische Trennverfahren sind an sich bekannt.Such physical separation processes are known per se.
Sie werden im wesentlichen unter Verwendung von Ultrazentrifugen,Massenspektrographen oder Trennwanddiffusion, Thermodiffusion bzw.Trenngasdiffusion etc.durchgeführt.They are essentially using ultracentrifuges, mass spectrographs or partition wall diffusion, thermal diffusion or separation gas diffusion etc.
Bezogen auf die erforderliche Trennarbeit ist hierbei die Ultrazentrifuge allen anderen vorgenannten Trennverfahren um eine Größenordnung besser,nur verhinderten eine Reihe technisch nicht gelöster Probleme, vorallem die kritischen Resonanzschwingungen,eine Durchsetzung der Ultrazentrifuge gegenüber der Trennwanddiffusion.In relation to the required separation work, the ultracentrifuge is used here all other aforementioned separation processes by an order of magnitude better, only prevented a number of technically unsolved problems, especially the critical resonance vibrations, one Implementation of the ultracentrifuge against partition wall diffusion.
In der Ultrazentrifuge kommt es zu einer Trennung aufgrund der Druckdiffusion in einem Feld mit stationären Druckgradienten.Dieser Druckgradient wird auch die stationäre radiale Zentrifugalbeschleunigung aufrechterhalten.Separation occurs in the ultracentrifuge due to pressure diffusion in a field with stationary pressure gradients. This pressure gradient is also the Maintain steady radial centrifugal acceleration.
Die vorgenannten Verfahren können jedoch nur spezielle Zustandsarten des zu trennenden Gemisches verarbeiten.Hierbei wirkt sich beispielsweise bei Zentrifugen die schwingungsinstabilität nachteilig aus und bei den Diffusionsanlagen der hohe Energieaufwand.However, the aforementioned methods can only be used for special types of states of the mixture to be separated. This has an effect on centrifuges, for example the vibration instability is a disadvantage, and in the case of diffusion systems the high one Energy expenditure.
Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde,ein Verfahren der eingangs genannten Art zu schaffen,das einmal auf alle drei Zustandarten anwendbar ist zum andernmal eine Gemischtrennung ohne mechanisch bewegte Teile und ohne Druckkompressoren erlaubt.The present invention is based on the object of a method of the type mentioned at the outset, which can be applied once to all three types of state On the other hand, there is a mixture separation without mechanically moving parts and without pressure compressors permitted.
Diese Aufgabe wird durch die in den Ansprüchen niedergelegten Maßnahmen in optimaler Weise gelöst.In der nachfolgenden Beschreibung sind Ausf+hrungsbeispiele abgehandelt und in der Zeichnung schematisch dargestellt. Es zeigen Fig.la einen Querschnitt in der X-Y-Ebene der Grundausführung in schematischer Darstellung, Fig.lb einen Längsschnitt gemäß Fig.la, Fig.2 einen Querschnitt durch eine Trennkammer mit Koinzidenzanregung, Fig.3 einen Querschnitt durch eine Trennkammer mit nur einer Anregung, Fig.4 einen Querschnitt durch eine Trennkammer mit pneumatischer Anregung, Fig.5 eine Trennkammer mit gekrümmten Wandungen in schematischer Darstellung.This task is accomplished by the measures laid down in the claims solved in an optimal way. The following description includes exemplary embodiments dealt with and shown schematically in the drawing. There Fig.la show a Cross-section in the X-Y plane of the basic design in a schematic representation, Fig.lb a longitudinal section according to Fig.la, Fig.2 a cross section through a separation chamber with coincidence excitation, Figure 3 shows a cross section through a separation chamber with only one Suggestion, 4 shows a cross section through a separation chamber with pneumatic Excitation, Fig. 5 a separation chamber with curved walls in a schematic representation.
Der allgemeine Erfindungsgedanke sieht eine Lösung der gestellten Aufgabe mittels instationärer Druckfelder vor.Im besonderen werden gekrwzte stehende Wellen benützt.Bekanntlich treten in einem stehenden Wellenfeld sehr hohe Wechselbeschleunigungen auf.ßei linearen Schwingungen kommt es aber zu einer weitgehenden Aufhebung einer rsultierenden Beschleunigung.Im gekreuzten Wellenfeld führen die Teilchen kreisförmige Bewegungen um ihre Ruhelage aus,die sich jedoch nicht auf einen gemeinsamen Mittelpunkt beziehen.The general idea of the invention sees a solution to the posed Task by means of unsteady pressure fields, especially abbreviated standing ones It is well known that very high alternating accelerations occur in a standing wave field auf.ßei linear oscillations, however, there is an extensive cancellation of a The resulting acceleration. In the crossed wave field, the particles are circular Movements around their rest position, but not on a common center relate.
Dadurch ergibt sich eine zentrifugale Beschleunigung .Nach der Theorie der Druckdiffusion ist aber der entmischende Diffusionsstrom proportional der Beschleunigung.This results in a centrifugal acceleration, according to the theory the pressure diffusion, however, the segregating diffusion flow is proportional to the acceleration.
Für ein rechtwinkelig gekreuztes ( in der X-und Y-Achse) ,stehendes Wellenfeld ergibt sich nun folgende Feldverteilung der Schnelle ~v",der Beschleunigung "b" und des Druckes t#'1,wobei der Index 11011 jeweils die Amplitude bezeichnet und AJ die Kreis funktion sowie k k die Wellenzahl.For a right-angled crossed (in the X and Y axes), standing Wave field results in the following field distribution of the velocity ~ v ", the acceleration "b" and the pressure t # '1, where the index 11011 denotes the amplitude in each case and AJ is the circular function and k k is the wave number.
v = v sinW t sin k x ; v = v cos AS t sin k y Y o b = v OJ cos4>t sin kx x 0 Mit Drücken t pO,die etwa 1/3 des Grunddruckes ausmachen, lassen sich Beschleunigungen erreichen,die an die Ultrazentrifugen heranreichen.Da sich die resultierende Beschlednigung als nicht-linearer Effekt ergibt,sind auch aus diesem Grunde hohe Druckamplituden anzustreben.v = v sinW t sin kx; v = v cos AS t sin ky Y ob = v OJ cos4> t sin kx x 0 With pressures t pO, which amount to about 1/3 of the base pressure, accelerations can be achieved that approach the ultracentrifuges. Since the resulting acceleration results as a non-linear effect, high pressure amplitudes should also be aimed for for this reason.
Für nicht-rechtwinkelige und nicht-zirkulare Wellenfelder ergeben sich elliptische Bewegungen der Teilchen.Auch in diesem Fall ergibt sich eine resultierende Beschleunigungskomponente.Zur Erzeugung und Aufrechterhaltung von stehenden Wellenfeldern gibt es eine Reihe von Antriebsarten.For non-rectangular and non-circular wave fields result elliptical motions of the particles. In this case, too, there is a resulting Acceleration component. For the generation and maintenance of standing wave fields there are a number of types of drive.
Die sinnfälligste ist diejenige,bei der eine Begrenzungswand in der Art eines Kolbens konphas periodisch hin-und herbewegt wird,wobei eine reflektierende Wand gegenübersteht.Die Anregungsfrequenz ist dabei auf die Resonanz mit der stehenden Welle abgestimmt.Zweckmäßigerweise wird eine höhere Harmonische mit mehreren Wellenzügen angeregt.The most obvious is the one with a boundary wall in the Kind of a piston konphas is periodically reciprocated, with a reflective The excitation frequency is based on the resonance with the standing wall A higher harmonic with several wave trains is expediently tuned stimulated.
Die dazu senkrecht stehende,gekreuzte Welle wird analog angeregt.Beide Wellen haben dabei dieselbe Frequenz und sind lediglich in der Phase um t/2 versetzt.The crossed wave that is perpendicular to this is excited analogously Waves have the same frequency and are only shifted in phase by t / 2.
Bei der vorgeschlagenen Anregung eines gekreuzten zweidimensionalen Wellenfeldes mittels Koinzidenz wird in einem plattenförmigen Wellenleiter eine Biegeschwingung einge-Ieitet.Diese Platte strahlt in bekannter Weise Energie an das Umgebungsmedium ab.Bei Resonanzanpassung von der Platte und dem Trennraum ergibt sich ein stehendes Wellenfeld; Mit einer dazu um t /2 phasenverschobenen Platte ergibt sich ein gekreuztes Feld.At the proposed excitation of a crossed two-dimensional Wave field by means of coincidence becomes in a plate-shaped waveguide a Bending vibration initiated. This plate radiates energy in a known way With resonance matching of the plate and the separation space results a standing wave field; With a phase shifted by t / 2 Plate results in a crossed field.
Bei dem Vorschlag,ein stehendes Wellenfeld mittels pneumatischer Energie aufrechtzuerhalten,wird im Takt in den Überdruckberg Druckmedium eingeführt und/oder im Unterdruckberg Medium entnommen.Da die Stellen der Druckmaximas bzw. -minimas ortsfest sind,kann dies durch feste rohrförmige,senkrecht zur Bewegungsebene stehende Einbauten erfolgen.Die Steuerung wird dabei zweckmäßig durch rotierende Ventile (Schlitzventile) durchgeführt.With the proposal, a standing wave field by means of pneumatic energy to maintain, is introduced and / or in the cycle in the overpressure mountain pressure medium The medium is taken from the negative pressure mountain are stationary, this can be done by means of fixed tubular ones that are perpendicular to the plane of movement The control is expediently carried out by rotating valves (Slit valves) carried out.
Das zu trennende Gut wird senkrecht in der Feldbewegung geführt.Verläuft die zirkulare Schwingung in der X-,Y-Ebene, so wird das Gut in Z-Richtung bewegt.Analog zum Betrieb bei den Zentrifugen kann dabei das Gleich-bzw. Gegenstromprinzip angewendet werden.Ebenso ist eine Konvektionsströmung nach Art des Clusius-Di-cl<el'schen Trennrohres zur Summation des Trenneffektes möglich.Die Hintereinanderschaltung von verschiedenen Trennstufen erfolgt ebenfalls analog zum Zentrifugenverfahren.The material to be separated is guided vertically in the field movement the circular oscillation in the X-, Y-plane, the good is moved in the Z-direction. Analog for operation in the centrifuges can be the same or. Countercurrent principle applied Likewise, there is a convection flow in the manner of the Clusius-Di-cl <el'schen Separating pipe to add up the separating effect is possible from different separation stages is also carried out analogously to the centrifuge process.
In den Fig.la,lb ist nun ein Ausführungsbeispiel zur Demonstration des Arbeitsprinzips gezeigt.In der Trennkammer 1 befindet sich das zu trennende Gemisch,beispielsweise eine gasförmige Isofropenmischung.Die Trennkammer 1 stellt einen prismatischen rechtwinkeligen Raum dar.Eine Seitenwand 2 wird periodisch in der Resonanz einer stehenden Welle in x-Richtung angeregt.Ggenüberliegend ist eine Wand 4 fest angeordnet und ist auf optimale Reflexion mit geringem Reflexionsverlust ausgelegt.Bei Verwendung von metallischen Werkstoffen verhalten die Wafldoberfläche-n einen Kunststoffüberzuglum die sogenannte ~unvermeidliche Aosorptiontr zu verrirrgern.Dieser Kunststcffüberzug soll weiterhin eine geringe Temperaturleitzahl haben.In the Fig.la, lb is now an embodiment for demonstration The working principle is shown in the separation chamber 1 that is to be separated Mixture, for example a gaseous isofropene mixture. The separation chamber 1 provides a prismatic right-angled space. A side wall 2 is periodically in The resonance of a standing wave is excited in the x-direction Wall 4 is fixed and is on optimal reflection with low reflection loss When using metallic materials, the wafld surface behaves a plastic cover to dissipate the so-called unavoidable absorption door Plastic coating should continue to have a low thermal diffusivity.
In derselben Weise bilden eine Schwingwand 3 und eine Festwand 5 ebenfalls eine stehende Welle in Y-Richtung derselben Frequnez,aber mit t #/2 Phasenverschiebung.In the same way, an oscillating wall 3 and a fixed wall 5 also form a standing wave in Y-direction of the same frequency, but with t # / 2 phase shift.
In dem dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel werden die Schwingwände 2 und 3 über ein elektromagnetisches Tauchspulensystem 7 angetrieben.Vorteilhafterweise werden die Schwingwände über Federn 6 abgestützt und in Resonanz betrieben.Sie schwingen dabei in sich jeweils konphas.Das zu trennende Gut strömt senkrecht zur x-y-Schwingebene in z-Richtung .Bei Gleichstrombetrieb wird dabei das Gemisch an der Grundfläche 8 eingeführt und an der Deckfläche 9 die Komponenten durch die Kanäle #1Ö" entnommen.Hierbei sammelt sich die leichtere Komponente entlang dne Linien sink x = sink y = 1 und die schwerere Komponente bei sin kx= sin k y = .Hierbei werden x und y jeweils von den zugeordneten Wandpaaren aus gemessenSmit"k"ist die Wellenzahl 2 g/ 2 bezeichnet.Für stehende Wellen gilt die Bedingung, daß die Wellenlänge i #ein ganzes Vielfaches der Wandabstände ist.In the illustrated embodiment, the oscillating walls 2 and 3 driven by an electromagnetic moving coil system 7. Advantageously the oscillating walls are supported by springs 6 and operated in resonance. They oscillate The material to be separated flows perpendicular to the x-y oscillation plane in the z-direction. With direct current operation, the mixture is at the base 8 introduced and the components removed from the top surface 9 through channels # 10 ". Here the lighter component collects along the lines sink x = sink y = 1 and the heavier component at sin kx = sin k y =. Here x and y are each from the associated wall pairs measured with "k" the wave number 2 g / 2 is designated standing waves the condition applies that the wavelength i # is a whole multiple the wall clearance is.
Man kann die Betriebsarten und Schaltungen bei der Ultrazentrifuge analog auf diesen Fall übertragen,wenn man jeweils eine quadratische Schwingungszelle ,die von Schwingungsknoten zu Schwingungsknoten reicht,als eine Röhrenzentrifuge auffaßt.Deshalb dürfte sich eine Beschreibung des Betriebes nach dem Gegenstromprinzip und die verschiedenen Hintereinanderschaltungen erübrigen.You can see the operating modes and circuits on the ultracentrifuge analogously transferred to this case, if one has a square oscillation cell in each case that extends from vibration node to vibration node, as a tube centrifuge Therefore, a description of the operation according to the countercurrent principle should be and the various series connections are unnecessary.
In Fig.2 ist ein Beispiel einer Trennanlage mit Koinzidenzantrieb dargestellt.Eine prismatische Trennkammer 11 wird durch zwei senkrecht zueinander stehende feste Wandpaare 14 und 15 begrenzt.In Fig.2 is an example of a separation system with a coincidence drive A prismatic separation chamber 11 is formed by two perpendicular to each other standing fixed wall pairs 14 and 15 limited.
Die Wände sind jeweils optimal reflektierend ausgebildet.The walls are each designed to be optimally reflective.
In der Trennkammer 11 befinden sich zwei zueinander gekreuzte Platten 12,13.Diese werden z.B. durch ein wechselndes Drehmoment von Momentengebern 17 zu Biegeschwingungen angeregt.Wird die Koordinatenorientierung analog gemäß dem in Fig.l gezeigten und beschriebenen Beispiel übernommen,so schwingt eine Platte in x- und die andere in y-Richtung.In z-Richtung verläuft die Schwingung jeweils konphas (2-dimensionales Feld).Durch Bestimmung der Biegewellenlänge auf den Platten auf die Abmessungen der Trennkammer läßt sich in an sich bekannter Weise ein stehendes Wellenfeld aufrechterhalten.Ein gekreuztes Feld erhält man wieder durch eine Phasenversetzung um#/2.Die Zufuhr des zu trennenden Gemisches und die Abfuhr der getrennten Komponenten erfolgt analog Fig.l an der Grundfläche und der D #ckfläche.In the separation chamber 11 there are two mutually crossed plates 12,13. These are e.g. due to an alternating torque from torque sensors 17 to Bending vibrations are excited. If the coordinate orientation is analogous to that in Fig.l adopted and described example, a plate swings in x- and the other in y-direction. In z-direction the oscillation is conphas (2-dimensional field). By determining the bending wavelength on the plates the dimensions of the separation chamber can be a standing one in a manner known per se Maintain wave field. A crossed field is obtained again by a phase shift around # / 2.The supply of the mixture to be separated and the discharge of the separated components takes place analogously to Fig. 1 on the base and the top surface.
Die Fig.3 zeigt ein Ausführungsbeispiel mit nur einem Anregungsmechanismus.Die Trennkammer 21 besteht dabei aus zueinander nicht-rechtwinklig stehenden festen Wänden 24.3 shows an embodiment with only one excitation mechanism Separation chamber 21 consists of fixed ones that are not at right angles to one another Walls 24.
Lediglich eine Wandseite 22 wird periodisch,hier durch einen Exzenterantrieb 27 symbolisiert, angeregt.Dank der Nichtrechtwinkeligkeit wird die ursprünglich in eine Richtung ( z. B. y-Richtung ) verlaufende Schwingung in die x-Richtung umgelenkt,so daß sich ebenfalls ein gekreuztes zweidimensionales stehendes Wellenfeld ergibt.Durch die Wandabstände lassen sich Gebiete erreichen,in denen eine zirkulare Teilchenbewegung herrscht.Im allgemeinen Fallfür nicht senkrechte und nicht um 2 /2 verschobene Wellenfelder - ergeben sich elliptische Teilchenbewegungen.Only one wall side 22 is periodic, here by an eccentric drive 27 symbolizes, stimulates. Thanks to the non-orthogonality, it becomes original Vibration running in one direction (e.g. y-direction) deflected in the x-direction, see above that there is also a crossed two-dimensional standing wave field the wall distances can be reached areas in which a circular particle movement In the general case for wave fields that are not perpendicular and not shifted by 2/2 - elliptical particle movements result.
Die Fig.4 zeigt eine prismatische Trennkammer 31 mit feststehenden,reflektierenden Seitenwänden 35.in denen das zirkulare stehende Wellenfeld mit pneumatischer Energie aufrechterhalten wird.Dies geschieht z.B. durch ein in z-Richtung verlaufendes Rohr 36 mit Schlitzen 37.In dem Rohr rotiert ein Innenrohr 38 mit Schlitzen 39.Im Innenrohr 38 wird das zu trennende Gemisch unter Druck zugeführt.4 shows a prismatic separation chamber 31 with fixed, reflective Side walls 35. in which the circular standing wave field with pneumatic energy is maintained; this is done, for example, by moving in the z-direction extending tube 36 with slots 37. An inner tube 38 with slots rotates in the tube 39. In the inner tube 38, the mixture to be separated is fed under pressure.
Bei Rotation des Innenrohres wird periodisch Druckmedium in die Trennkammer 31 ausgestoßen.Bei Anpassung der Pulsationsfrequenz auf die Eigenfrequenzen der Trennkammer 31 läßt sich ein stehendes Wellenfeld erzeugen.Um zirkulare Felder zu erhalten,sind auch die einzelnen Schitzrohre 36,38 in der Phase aufeinander abgestimmt.When the inner tube rotates, pressure medium is periodically drawn into the separation chamber 31 ejected.When adjusting the pulsation frequency to the natural frequencies of the Separation chamber 31 can generate a standing wave field. Circular fields too received, the individual Schitzrohre 36,38 are coordinated in phase.
Abschließend sei noch auf das Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß Fig.5 eingegangen.Diese zeigt in schematischer Draufsicht eine prismatische Trennkammer 41 mit gekrümmten Wandungen 44 dar.Die Erregung einer zweidimensionalen stehenden Welle in der x-y-Ebene erfolgt durch einen in der z-Richtung verlaufenden Streifenkolben 42,der durch einen magnetostriktiven Wandler 47 angetrieben wird.Die Breite der Trennkammer 41 ist kleiner als die angeregte Eigenfrequenz i /2.Damit führt das Medium Schwingungen entlang der gekrümmten Linie aus.Entsprechend dem Krümmungsradius g ergibt sich eine vom Krümmungsmittelpunkt weggerichtete Beschleunigungskomponente v 2/ 9 ; wobei 2 die mittlere Schnellebewegung ist.Finally, the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 5 will be discussed shows a schematic plan view of a prismatic separation chamber 41 with curved Walls 44. The excitation of a two-dimensional standing wave in the x-y plane takes place by a extending in the z-direction strip piston 42, which is carried out by a Magnetostrictive transducer 47 is driven. The width of the separation chamber 41 is smaller than the excited natural frequency i /2. This means that the medium carries vibrations along the curved line. Corresponding to the radius of curvature g results an acceleration component v 2/9 directed away from the center of curvature; whereby 2 is the mean rapid movement.
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-
1980
- 1980-07-19 DE DE19803027433 patent/DE3027433A1/en not_active Withdrawn
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