DE3027238C2 - Device for absorbing or degassing for two- or multi-component solutions - Google Patents

Description

- that d'e heat transferring surface within of the container (1) from tubes (4; 32,33; 47; 56, 57; 75) or bundles of tubes in which the coolant or heating medium is routed,

- That the sprinkling device in π sprinkling sections' Ci, C ₂ , .. , C _n -UC _n ; Qu C _2- I .., Cai, Q ₂ .., Cu, Cu),

- That on the bottom of the container (1) between the individual π sections of the sprinkling device in cross-sectional planes of the container (1) extending partition walls (9; Ci, G ₂ , .. _n

Gi, .., G _n -I, Gn - \\ Gi.l, .., G _n -U, G \ 2, ..-, G _n - u) arranged sin »: which the bottom area in η tubs (10) divide up the uptake of the solution at different concentrations,

- That on each tub (10) a withdrawal nozzle (11) for one of π withdrawal sections (Dt, D ₂ , .. , Di, ..., D "_i, D _n ; Du , D2.1. -, D _ft i. D _n2 , .., Du, D \ ₃ ) is connected,

- That each extraction port (11) via a return line (13, 14, 17; 23, 24, 25; 39; 74) with a circulation pump (12; Fi, F ₂ , .. ^ F * .., F _n . _T ; Fu, F2.1 .., F _ft i; F "_i.2, ... F ₂ J, F _Z \) with aem (i + 1) th section of the sprinkling device to return the partially enriched or depleted solution the extraction section located below the / th sprinkling section is connected to the (i 4- l) th sprinkling section and

- That the supply of the poor or rich solution via the first section (Cr, Cu), the discharge of the enriched or depleted solution via the n-th extraction nozzle (D _n ; D _n . ₂ ) and the solution in the opposite direction is guided to the direction of the coolant or heating medium.

2. Device for absorbing according to claim 1, characterized in that it has a low-pressure part (37) and a high-pressure part (38) through which the coolant is guided in parallel, and that in one of the last removal section (D _n,, ) of the low-pressure part a pressure booster pump (F _n . 1) is arranged with the first sprinkling section (Qa) of the high pressure part connecting return line (39).

3. A device for absorbing according to claim 1, characterized in that it has a low-pressure part (49) and a high-pressure part (48) through which the coolant is passed one after the other, and that in one of the last removal section (D _n . 1) of the high-pressure part with the return line (50) connecting the first sprinkling section (Ct ₂ ) of the low-pressure part, a pressure reducing element (51) is requested

4. Device for degassing according to claim 1, characterized in that it has a reprinting part (62) and a high pressure part (63) through which the heating means is guided in parallel, and that in one of the last extraction section (D _n . 1) of the high pressure part a pressure reducing element (65) is arranged with the return line (64) connecting the first sprinkling section (C12) of the low-pressure part.

5. Device for degassing according to claim 1, characterized in that it has a low-pressure part (73) and a high-pressure part (72) through which the heating means is guided one after the other, and that in one of the last extraction section (D _n . 1) of the low-pressure part a pressure booster pump (F _n . 1) is arranged with the return line (74) connecting the first shower section (C12) of the high pressure part

The invention relates to a device for absorbing or degassing or expelling for two or Multi-substance solutions with the features of the preamble of claim 1.

When absorbing or degassing or expelling a vaporous substance into a liquid solution or from a liquid solution this is preferably trickled over a heat-transferring surface. Included A sufficient material and heat transfer surface must be available for absorption or degassing be. This is the smaller, the greater is the specific one Trickle rate is. The smaller the heat transfer surface can be kept, the cheaper it is Absorber or degasser or expeller. In such devices, which have a relatively large loading or Work degassing width, a single sprinkling results in very small specific sprinkling quantities, so that the heat-transferring surface must be very large and such devices or This makes apparatus very expensive. In addition, in these cases, when the devices are lying down, the enrichment takes place or impoverishment of the solution from top to bottom with the result that the enrichment or impoverishment and not to bring the temperatures in the solution into harmony in one and the same device are. In order to improve this, it is known to lay several shorter (containers) on top of each other. Provide devices through which the solution or the working medium flows in a cascade-like manner An even better adaptation to the theoretically expedient degassing width is achieved if one on top of the other a larger number of comparatively short upright devices (containers) arranged and these are connected in series with the rich solution being fed to the uppermost device. Such a one Plant is more costly because for the stacking of the containers correspondingly high scaffolding and above this the roof of the building in which the device is erected, be designed accordingly high

One understands below a rich or enriched one Solution a multi-component solution that contains more low-boiling or volatile substances or components Accordingly, a poor or impoverished solution is one that is less easily volatile Has substances or components

The invention is based on the object of the device mentioned at the beginning (sprinkling absorber or sprinkler degasser and sprinkler expeller) to the effect that they have a small specific Heat transfer surface with high enrichment or depletion of the solution and with accordingly Has selectable temperatures and pressures. The device should also be more cost-effective and as possible small can be realized.

A device that solves this problem for absorbing or degassing or expelling a double or twin Multi-substance solution is characterized in claim 1. Special designs as absorber or Degassers result from claims 2 and 3 or 4 and 5.

The device according to the invention for absorbing or degassing has some salient advantages compared to known sprinkler absorbers or sprinkler degassers or exorcizers.

With the device according to the invention, very large specific sprinkling amounts can be applied to any Achieve gassing and degassing widths in such a way that the enrichment or impoverishment and the temperatures the solution can be reconciled so that the absorption or degassing in a single, not very large containers can be carried out. This means that large investment savings can be made with little energy expenditure achieve. In addition, the Sprinkler absorber or sprinkler deaerator or ejectors many times smaller than conventional devices of this type, in particular when, as is customary in the prior art, several containers are arranged one above the other and one behind the other must be switched to achieve a specific result.

If the device has the refinements according to one of claims 2 to 4, the process in can advantageously be carried out with two different pressures, which results in optimal pressure and allow temperature conditions to be set. This makes it possible, in particular, for both the absorbers as well as to achieve considerable energy savings with the degassers.

Several embodiments of the invention are explained in more detail with reference to a drawing, in which shows

F i g. 1 shows a longitudinal section through a sprinkler absorber with several sprinkler sections,

F i g. 2 shows a cross section through the sprinkling absorber according to FIG. 1,

F i g. 3 shows a longitudinal section through a sprinkler degasser or extractor with several sprinkler sections,

F i g. 4 shows a cross section through the sprinkler degasser or expeller according to FIG. 3,

F i g. 5 shows a longitudinal section through a sprinkling absorber with a high-pressure part and a low-pressure part with parallel supply of coolant,

F i g. 6 is a cross-section through the irrigation absorber according to FIG. 5,

F i g. 7 a sprinkler, gsabsorber with a high pressure and a low-pressure part through which the coolant flows one after the other,

F i g. 8 shows a cross section through the sprinkling absorber according to FIG. 7,

9 shows a sprinkler degasser or expeller with a high-pressure and a low-pressure part in which the heating medium is fed in in parallel,

F i g. 10 shows a cross section through the sprinkler degasser or expeller according to FIG. 9,
F i g. 11 a sprinkler degasser or expeller

ίο with a high pressure and a low pressure part that are flowed through one after the other by the heating means, and F i g. 12 a cross section through the sprinkler

gasifier or expeller according to fig. 11th

The sprinkling absorber according to FIG. 1 has a hanging cylindrical container 1 with a heat-exchanging surface in the form of a tube bundle heat exchanger made of tubes 4 parallel to the longitudinal axis of the container between two cross-sectional partitions or tube sheets 2 and 3. Coolant passes through a coolant inlet connection 5 to tube sheet 2. the one in the one, in Fig.! right front of the container «*? 1 is provided, flows through the tubes 4 and occurs durai a coolant outlet nozzle 6 on the opposite end of the container. Inside the container 1 and above the pipes 4, a sprinkling device is arranged which is divided into / sprinkling sections C ₁ , C ₂ , .. , C " .., C _n -I, C" . Each sprinkling section consists of a feed pipe 7 which passes through the container jacket is passed through uiid a distributor plate 8 arranged approximately horizontally at the end located inside the container 1. According to FIG. 2, this distributor plate 8 extends over the entire width of the tube bundle, so that all sections of all the tubes below this distributor plate 8 are irrigated.

The output line 15 for the poor solution to be subjected to absorption is connected to the supply pipe 7 of the sprinkler section Q.

At the bottom of the container 1 there are in each case under the individual irrigation sections removal sections D ₁ , D ₂ , ... , Di, ... , D _n . \, D _n , through vertically arranged dividing walls 9; G \, G ₂ , ... , G ₁ , .. , G _n -% G _n - \ are separated from each other. The partition walls 9 subdivide the bottom of the container 1 into η trays 10 for receiving the solutions of different concentrations. They prevent the mixing of these individual, differently enriched solutions in the various stages. Each tub 10 has a withdrawal nozzle 11. At each withdrawal nozzle 11 the removal sections D \ to D _n _i is connected via a return line 13, 14 with circulating pump 12; Fi, F ₂ , .. _n Fi, .. ^ F "_i for returning the partially enriched or depleted solution from the removal section D located below the / -th sprinkling section, the (Y + l) th sprinkling section Di + ι connected. The line 13 of the first extraction section D \ leads back to the second irrigation section C ₂ , while the line 14 leads back from the second extraction section D ₂ to the third irrigation section C and the / th return line from the extraction section D- to the (i + l) th irrigation section . Like F i g. ^{2, a Darr.p f} inlet nozzle 16 for the vapor phase is provided on the side of the container wall. The / th sprinkling section C is shown; together with the

(S5 / -th withdrawal section D _1. The completely enriched solution is withdrawn from the last withdrawal section D _{n via a withdrawal line 21.}
The working principle of this sprinkler absorber is

ου Li zoo

cut D _n , the completely enriched solution is withdrawn via a withdrawal line 21.

The working principle of this sprinkler absorber is as follows:

In the sprinkling section Ci, the poor solution to be trickled is introduced into the absorber from the feed line 15, whereby it is not, as is usual in the prior art, over the entire heat-transferring surface, i.e. over the entire length of the tube bundle, but only over a relatively small heat-transferring one Area, namely the section of the tube bundle which is located below the sprinkling section Q, is sprinkled at the end of the coolant path. At the same time, this solution in the vaporous phase is introduced into the container 1 via the lateral vapor inlet connection 16 for the vaporous phase. The poor solution that has trickled accumulates relatively little and gets into the floor area or the tub 10 of the first Ent tianmeabsciuiiUs D \ üfiicf half of the »first ScricSclüfigS- section Ci. that is, in the floor area formed by the cross-sectional partition or the left tube sheet 3 and the first partition 9. From this it is drawn off via the extraction nozzle U by means of the circulating pump 12 and _{fed into the second sprinkling section C 2} via the return line 13. In this section of the absorber, which is immediately adjacent to the first sprinkling section Ci, the same sprinkling process takes place again, only now with a different concentration of the solution to be trickled and at a different temperature, which in turn is consistent with the new concentration of the solution . The solution, which has now been further enriched, is withdrawn from the withdrawal section Ih through the withdrawal nozzle 11 and fed _{into the third sprinkling section C 3 via the circulating pump Fj and the return line 14.} Now a new Beneselun ^ vQfau "takes place and withdrawal and re-application in the next sprinkling section follow one another until the desired concentration of the now completely enriched solution in the last withdrawal section D _{n is} reached. Here the completely enriched solution is withdrawn via the withdrawal line 21 With this multiple sprinkling section, very high heat transfer coefficients can be achieved, the entire degassing width within the horizontally arranged container 1 being achieved under optimal temperature conditions.

In the following description of further embodiments, the same parts are denoted by the same reference numerals and are shown in FIGS. 4,6,8,10 and 12 respectively the cross-section of the sprinkling and extraction section is shown

In the case of the sprinkler degasser or expeller according to FIG. 3, which in its structure corresponds to the sprinkling absorber according to FIG. 1, the heating medium enters the container 1 in front of the (left) tube sheet 3 through a heating medium inlet connection 19 and exits on the opposite side through a heating medium outlet connection 18. The sprinkling device is in turn subdivided into sprinkling sections Ci, Ci, .., C _n -I, C _n , the rich solution being fed into the sprinkling section Ct via an inlet line 22. The return of the increasingly impoverished solution from the respective extraction sections D, - takes place via return lines 23, 24 and 25 with circulating pumps Fj provided in them . The return line 25 leads from the first extraction section D \ to the second sprinkling section Ci. The return line 24 leads from the extraction section D "_j via the circulation pump F" -2 to the sprinkling section C _n - 1 and the return line 23 from the extraction section D _n - \ via the circulation pump F _n - and a feed pipe 20

s in the last sprinkling section C _n . On the wall of the container 1, a lateral vapor outlet nozzle 26 is provided for the vapor phase, see FIG. 4. The last removal section D _n is again used to remove the as completely as possible or, if desired, a depleted solution via a withdrawal line 27.

The working principle of this sprinkler degasser or expeller with multiple sprinklers is as follows: In the sprinkling section Ci the rei to trickle becomes before solution via the feed line 22 into the degasser abandoned where they have the sprinkler not, as has been the case up to now, over the entire heat-transferring surface of the tube bundle, but only over one

f ciduv uitu WCIiCLiIg gills "i / i t / vjuimiiiwi nw", iiium

Ki, which corresponds to the section of the tube bundle below the sprinkling section Ci in front of the heating medium outlet, is sprinkled. At the same time, the vapor phase is via the lateral vapor outlet nozzle 26 withdrawn from container 1. When sprinkling in The solution is relatively little depleted within the first sprinkling section Ci, but is then returned to the second sprinkling section Ci , where the same sprinkling takes place, but now with a slightly lower concentration and at a different temperature temperature, which in turn depends on the concentration of the lo solution is coordinated

The solution, which is now further depleted and removed from the removal section Di or D, is returned to the third or (i + l) th sprinkling section Cj or d + |. Due to the multiple sprinkling process, very high heat transfer coefficients and the entire degassing br? It? can be achieved in the adjacent stages under optimal temperature conditions.

The degassing or expulsion in the device according to FIG. 3 thus represents the reversal of the absorption in the device according to FIG. 1 represents.

All the embodiments of the device according to the invention described below follow with regard to the different management of the heating medium or the coolant basically the operation of the device according to FIG. 1 and FIG. 2.

The sprinkling absorber according to FIG. 5 works with two different pressures and thus has one High pressure part 37 and a low pressure part 38. That Coolant is fed into both parts in parallel. in the Container 1 of the sprinkling absorber are cross-sectional partition walls or tube sheets 28, 29; 30.31 provided, with the tube sheets 28 and 31 in front of the two end faces th of the container 1 and the tube sheets 29 and 30 with Distance from each other approximately in the middle of the container 1 are provided. Between the tube sheets 28, 29 and 30, 31 the heat exchanger tube bundles are provided from tubes 32 and 33, respectively. In the space between the two In the middle tube sheets 29 and 30, the coolant is fed in via a lateral coolant inlet connection 34. It divides in parallel and leaves the container 1 after passing through the tube bundle in parallel via the coolant

Outlet nozzles 35 and 36.

Inside the low pressure part 37 are the sprinkling sections Cu, Cjj,. -, Ci, ι, .., Gu and the associated removal sections Ai, Du, .. , Ai. - - -, D _n . \

with the associated circulation pumps F \. \, F ₂ , \ F,. \,

... , F ". \ Arranged. In the high pressure part 38 are the sprinkling sections Q ₂ , C ₂₂ , .., Cu, .., C ", ₂ with

the associated removal sections D \ ₂ , Ch ₂

D ₁₂ , ... , Drf with the circulation pumps F] ₂ , F ₂₂ , ... , Fi ₂ , ..., F "- \ ₂ . Likewise, the removal sections of the low-pressure part 37 and in each case by partition walls G \, \, G _2. \,

..., C , C "_i.1 and the high pressure part 38 through

Partition walls G \ ₂ , G ₂₂ G ₂ , ■ ■ -, G "- \ ₂ divided. From the

In the last extraction section D ", i of the low-pressure part 37, a return line 39 leads to the first derieselungsabschnitt C ^ of the high-pressure part 38. The pressure difference between the high-pressure part 38 and the low-pressure part 37 is overcome by means of a pressure booster pump F". The entry of the vapor phase of the solution into the container 1 takes place in parallel and both into the low-pressure part 37 and into the high-pressure part 38 via a lateral vapor inlet connection 40, see FIG.

The mode of operation of this sprinkler absorber corresponds essentially to that of FIG. 1, only that here a low-pressure part 37 and a high-pressure part 38 are operated in parallel with one another. In both parts the enrichment process takes place in the same way.

In the case of the sprinkling absorber according to FIG. 7, which also works with two different pressures, the coolant is passed through a low-pressure part 49 and a high-pressure part 48 in succession. In the container 1, three cross-sectional partitions or tube sheets 41, 42 and 43 are provided, which divide it into the two separate parts into which the solution to be enriched is fed under different pressures. The tube sheets 41, 42 and 43 accommodate continuous tubes 47. The coolant occurs before the in F i g. 7 right tube sheet 41 through a coolant inlet nozzle 44 and behind the left tube sheet 43 through a cooling outlet 45 into and out of the container 1. It has two lateral steam inlet nozzles 46, see FIG. 8, for introducing the vapor phase into the high-pressure part 48 and the low-pressure part 49, respectively. The depleted solution enters the high-pressure part 48 in a first sprinkling section C _u , leaves the high-pressure part 48 via the last extraction section D ". \ And is entered via a return line 50 behind a pressure reducing element 51 into the low-pressure part 49 via the first sprinkling device Cu. The largely enriched solution is withdrawn at the last extraction section D _{n-2 of} the low-pressure part 49.

The in F i g. 9 is flown through by the heating means in parallel. 57 are formed. The heating medium enters the container 1 in parallel through heating medium inlet stubs 58 and 59 and is drawn off via a common lateral heating medium outlet stub 60 provided between the central tube sheets 53 and 54. At the same time, the housing has a lateral vapor extraction nozzle 61 provided in the low-pressure part 62 and in the high-pressure part 63, see FIG. 10, for the exit of the vaporous phase. The sprinkling sections and the associated removal sections are just like those of the device according to FIG. 3, only that they are provided here both in the low-pressure part 62 and in the high-pressure part 63. Accordingly, the enriched solution is fed in via the sprinkling section C \, \ in! Cn high-pressure part 63 and fed back into the second sprinkling section C2.1 of the high-pressure part 63 via the associated extraction section Di, i and the circulating pump Fu. The partially depleted solution is transferred from the last extraction section D ", \ of the high-pressure part 63 via a return line 64 and a pressure reducing element 65 into the first sprinkling section Q _{2 of} the low-pressure part 62. From the first extraction section D \ ₂ , the further depleted solution is fed into the second sprinkling section C ₂₂ by means of a circulating pump F \ _2. This return from section to section is repeated until the completely depleted solution can be removed via the last removal section D " _{2 of} the low-pressure part 62.

Even with the Berisse! Uri ^fT serit ^CT sser b ^ vy. ejector according to fig. 11 with a container 1 divided by three cross-sectional partition walls or tube sheets 66, 67 and 68 into a low-pressure part 73 and a high-pressure part 72, the heating medium is passed through the two stages one after the other through heat exchanger tubes 75. The heating medium is entered via a heating medium inlet connection 69 on one end of the container and the heating medium is discharged through a heating medium outlet connection 70 on the other end. Both in the high-pressure part 72 and in the low-pressure part 73 there is a lateral vapor outlet connection 71, see FIG. 12, for the vapor phase.

The solution, which is partially depleted in the low-pressure part 73, is fed into the first sprinkling section Q _{2 of} the high-pressure part 72 via the last extraction section D 1, 1 and a return line 74 with a pressure _{increasing pump F 11 I.} The largely depleted solution is withdrawn from this via the withdrawal section Dn ₂ .

The following example illustrates the improvement in the heat transfer coefficient through multiple sprinkling. With a solution quantity to be trickled out of 50 t / h, an average concentration of 50% and an average solution temperature of 7O ⁰ C, a simple sprinkling over the entire tube length of L = 10 m or a Carry out multiple sprinkling of the same tube bundle over 10 equal sections of 1 m sprinkled tube length. The heat transfer coefficient a /.

can z. B. from a nomogram in the Handbuch der Kältetechnik, Volume 7, 1959 edition, page 401. This clearly shows the improvement in the heat transfer coefficient as a result of multiple sprinkling. The reason for this is the increased flow rate Gu. This is calculated for the sprinkled pipes (pipe bundle) according to the following equation:

With JIiL the amount of solution to be trickled out per unit of time;

/ = Number of irrigated sides per exchanger surface, for pipes so 2;

η = number of pipes next to each other and simultaneously sprinkled;
L = length of the pipe being sprinkled (10 m or 1 m).

ΔΙ

The trickle rate G ₁₁ results from a single sprinkling over the entire length of the pipe as follows:

The attached nomogram is used to determine au
then to

". kcal to

In the case of sprinkling divided into sections, the result is the flow rate Gab added

15th

_r 50 000 kg / h _lnnn ,, _{σ / η} , _h Gu.b - ~ kg / mh

MierzU is taken from (Jen! ^ Rwähntpn Njnmnoramm

20th

The multiple sprinkling results in an improvement in the heat transfer coefficient of around 25 3.4 times.

In addition 8 sheets of drawings

30th

35

40

45

50

55

60

Claims (1)

Patent claims: 1. Device for absorbing or degassing for two- or multi-component solutions with a horizontally arranged container with a heat-transferring surface inside the same for the throughput of the coolant or heating medium, with a sprinkling device arranged above the heat-transferring surface inside the container for trickling a poor or rich solution from top to bottom over the heat-transferring surface with the inlet or outlet for the vapor phase of this solution opening into the side of the container and with a withdrawal nozzle at the bottom of the container for discharging the enriched or depleted solution,
characterized,