DE3019554C2 - - Google Patents

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Publication number
DE3019554C2
DE3019554C2 DE3019554A DE3019554A DE3019554C2 DE 3019554 C2 DE3019554 C2 DE 3019554C2 DE 3019554 A DE3019554 A DE 3019554A DE 3019554 A DE3019554 A DE 3019554A DE 3019554 C2 DE3019554 C2 DE 3019554C2
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Prior art keywords
virus
nucleic acid
attenuated
infectivity
live vaccines
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DE3019554A
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German (de)
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DE3019554A1 (en
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Willem Dr. 3000 Hannover De Verhagen
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12NMICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N7/00Viruses; Bacteriophages; Compositions thereof; Preparation or purification thereof
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K39/00Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
    • A61K39/12Viral antigens
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K39/00Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
    • A61K39/12Viral antigens
    • A61K39/125Picornaviridae, e.g. calicivirus
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K39/00Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
    • A61K2039/51Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies comprising whole cells, viruses or DNA/RNA
    • A61K2039/525Virus
    • A61K2039/5254Virus avirulent or attenuated
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12NMICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N2770/00MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA ssRNA viruses positive-sense
    • C12N2770/00011Details
    • C12N2770/32011Picornaviridae
    • C12N2770/32311Enterovirus
    • C12N2770/32334Use of virus or viral component as vaccine, e.g. live-attenuated or inactivated virus, VLP, viral protein
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12NMICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N2770/00MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA ssRNA viruses positive-sense
    • C12N2770/00011Details
    • C12N2770/32011Picornaviridae
    • C12N2770/32311Enterovirus
    • C12N2770/32361Methods of inactivation or attenuation
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A50/00TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
    • Y02A50/30Against vector-borne diseases, e.g. mosquito-borne, fly-borne, tick-borne or waterborne diseases whose impact is exacerbated by climate change

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Virology (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Epidemiology (AREA)
  • Mycology (AREA)
  • Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)
  • Medicines Containing Antibodies Or Antigens For Use As Internal Diagnostic Agents (AREA)

Description

Die Anmeldung betrifft das im Anspruch 1 angegebene Verfahren zur Herstellung von attenuierten Viren für Lebendimpfstoffe. Der Anspruch 2 betrifft eine Ausgestaltung dieses Verfahrens.The application relates to that stated in claim 1 Process for the preparation of attenuated viruses for live vaccines. Claim 2 relates to an embodiment this procedure.

Bei der Bekämpfung von virusbedingten Infektionskrankheiten des Menschen kommt der Verwendung sog. Lebendimpfstoffe, d. h. Impfstoffe, die in ihrer Pathogenität abgeschwächte, aber im Impfling voll vermehrungsfähige (= attenuierte) Erreger enthalten, ganz besondere Bedeutung zu.In the fight against virus-related infectious diseases of the Humans come to use so-called live vaccines, i.e. H. Vaccines, the weakened in its pathogenicity, but full in the vaccinated contain reproductive (= attenuated) pathogens, very special Meaning too.

Als Beispiel seien die Lebendimpfstoffe gegen Polio, Masern, Röteln, Mumps und Gelbfieber genannt.As an example, the live vaccines against polio, measles, rubella, Called mumps and yellow fever.

Bisher war die Gewinnung von attenuierten Impfstoffviren nur durch langwierige Passagierung des Wildvirus im Tier und in für die Vermehrung des Virus nicht optimalen Gewebekultursystemen möglich, wobei die zur Attenuierung führenden Schritte nicht vorhersehbar waren und in mühseligen Versuchen durch Erprobung gefunden werden mußten.Up until now, the attenuation of attenuated vaccine viruses was only possible lengthy passage of the wild virus in and for the animal Propagation of the virus not possible optimal tissue culture systems possible, the steps leading to attenuation were not predictable and had to be found in laborious trials.

Überraschenderweise hat sich gezeigt, daß man attenuierte Viren, wie sie für die Herstellung von Lebendimpfstoffen benötigt werden, gezielt in vergleicherweise kurzer Zeit dadurch gewinnen kann, daß man die Nukleinsäure des Virus extrahiert und in geeigneten Zellkulturen unter Zusatz von die Infektiosität der Nukleinsäure steigernden Substanzen zur Auslösung der Virusproduktion einsetzt.Surprisingly, it has been shown that attenuated viruses such as they are required for the production of live vaccines can be won in a comparatively short time by the fact that Nucleic acid of the virus is extracted and taken in suitable cell cultures Addition of substances that increase the infectivity of the nucleic acid used to trigger virus production.

Als Beispiel sind in Tabelle 1 entsprechende Befunde für Coxsackievirus des Types A7 dargestellt.Corresponding findings for Table 1 are as an example Coxsackievirus type A7 shown.

Die Konzentration an infektiösem Virus, ausgedrückt in der für 50% der vorgelegten Zellen infektiösen Virusdosis (TCID₅₀), wurde für ein Wildvirus Coxsackie A7 und ein durch Transfektion daraus gewonnenes, attenuiertes Virus Coxsackie A7 ermittelt.The concentration of infectious virus, expressed as that for 50% of the cells presented infectious virus dose (TCID₅₀), was for a wild virus Coxsackie A7 and one by transfection therefrom The attenuated virus Coxsackie A7 obtained was determined.

Abgestufte Verdünnungen dieser Virussuspension wurden an Gruppen neugeborener Saugmäuse innerhalb 24 Stunden nach Geburt verabfolgt (pro Tier 0,1 ml Virussuspension subcutan dorsal, pro Virusverdünnung 12 Tiere). Für eine Beobachtungszeit von 14 Tagen wurde die Rate der als Folge der Infektion gestorbenen Tieren ermittelt und nach der Methode von Reed und Muench die Virusverdünnung ermittelt, die gerade ausreichte, um 50% der Tiere zu töten. Danach wurde die dieser Verdünnung ensprechende Dosis an infektiösem Virus (TCID₅₀) berechnet. Es zeigte sich, daß zur Tötung von 50% der Tiere etwa 10⁵-fach mehr erfindungsgemäß gewonnenes Virus erforderlich war als im Falle des Wildvirus. Dies bedeutet eine etwa 10⁵-fache Abschwächung der pathogenen Wirkung des Coxsackievirus als Folge des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens.Graded dilutions of this virus suspension were performed on groups newborn suckling mice administered within 24 hours after birth (0.1 ml of subcutaneous dorsal virus suspension per animal, per virus dilution 12 animals). For an observation period of 14 days, the rate of animals died as a result of the infection and after the Method by Reed and Muench determined the virus dilution that just happened sufficient to kill 50% of the animals. After that it became this Dilution of dose of infectious virus (TCID₅₀) calculated. It was found that about 50% of the animals were killed 10⁵ times more virus obtained according to the invention was required than in the case of the wild virus. This means about 10⁵ times Attenuation of the pathogenic effect of the Coxsackievirus as a result of inventive method.

Wegen der bekannten Parallelität der Pathogenität von Coxsackieviren bei Saugmaus und Mensch kann hieraus geschlossen werden, daß das attentuierte Virus beim Menschen als Impfvirus mit voller Immunogenität und fehlender pathogener Auswirkung anwendbar wäre. Because of the known parallelism of the pathogenicity of coxsackieviruses with suckling mouse and humans it can be concluded from this that the attested virus in humans as vaccine virus with full immunogenicity and lack of pathogenic effects would be applicable.  

Tabelle 1 Table 1

Vergleich der Pathogenität von Wildvirus Coxsackie A7 und des daraus durch die Erfindung gewonnenen attentuierten Virus im Saugmausversuch Comparison of the pathogenicity of wild virus Coxsackie A7 and the attested virus obtained therefrom by the invention in the suction mouse test

Beispielexample

12,5 ml Coxsackievirus A7 (10⁷ TCID₅₀/0,2 ml) wurden nach Zusatz von 1% SDS (Natriumdodecylsulfat) mit 12,5 ml mit Wasser gesättigtem Phenol bei 60°C für 5 Minuten kräftig geschüttelt. Die Phasen wurden durch Zentrifugation in einer Minifuge II im Rotor 3350 getrennt (20 Minuten, 4°C, 4000 UpM).12.5 ml of Coxsackievirus A7 (10⁷ TCID₅₀ / 0.2 ml) were after Add 1% SDS (sodium dodecyl sulfate) with 12.5 ml with water saturated phenol shaken vigorously at 60 ° C for 5 minutes. The phases were centrifuged in a Minifuge II in the 3350 rotor separately (20 minutes, 4 ° C, 4000 rpm).

Die wäßrige Schicht wurde vorsichtig mit einer Ribonuclease-freien Pasteurpipette abgehebert und nochmals wie beschrieben behandelt. Danach wurde das Phenol durch 7maliges Schütteln mit 40 ml kaltem, puffergesättigtem Äther entfernt. Anschließend wurde der Äther durch Durchperlen von Stickstoff durch eine Ribonuclease-freie Pasteurpipette eliminiert.The aqueous layer was cautiously cleaned with a ribonuclease-free The Pasteur pipette is siphoned off and treated again as described. The phenol was then shaken 7 times with 40 ml of cold, buffer-saturated ether removed. Then the ether was through Bubble nitrogen through a ribonuclease-free Pasteur pipette eliminated.

Geeignete Zellkulturen (HEp-2) wurden mit PBS (0,15 M NaCl, 0,01 M Phosphat pH 7,0) oder Hank's Salzlösung sehr gründlich gewaschen, um Serumreste komplett zu entfernen. Danach wurden die Kulturen 30 Minuten bei Raumtemperatur mit 250 µg/ml DEAE-Dextran (5 ml auf 680 cm² Zellrasen) inkubiert. Anschließend wurde nach Abgießen der 5 ml die Ribonukleinsäure in 250 µg/ml DEAE-Dextran suspendiert den Zellen zugegeben (3 ml Nukleinsäure pro 680 cm² Zellrasen) und 60 Minuten bei Raumtemperatur inkubiert.Suitable cell cultures (HEp-2) were washed with PBS (0.15 M NaCl, 0.01 M Phosphate pH 7.0) or Hank's saline solution to be washed very thoroughly Remove all serum residues. After that, the cultures became 30 Minutes at room temperature with 250 µg / ml DEAE-dextran (5 ml to 680 cm² Cell lawn) incubated. After pouring off the 5 ml the ribonucleic acid is suspended in 250 µg / ml DEAE-dextran Cells added (3 ml nucleic acid per 680 cm² cell lawn) and 60 Incubated for minutes at room temperature.

Anschließend wurden 300 ml Medium (Basal Medium Eagle mit Earle's Salzen, 2% Kälberserum, 100 I. E. Penicillin und 100 mcg Streptomycin/ml) zugegeben und inkubiert bei 37°C bis zum Auftreten eines vollständigen cytopathischen Effekts 4-5 Tage nach Infektion.Then 300 ml of medium (Basal Medium Eagle with Earle's Salts, 2% calf serum, 100 IU penicillin and 100 mcg Streptomycin / ml) added and incubated at 37 ° C until Complete cytopathic effect occurs 4-5 days after Infection.

Das erfindungsgemäß gewonnene Virus wurde durch wiederholtes Einfrieren und Auftauen vom Zelldetritus gelöst und dieser durch Zentrifugation abgetrennt. Danach erfolgte eine TCID₅₀-Bestimmung und eine bakterielle Sterilitätskontrolle.The virus obtained according to the invention was repeated Freeze and thaw detached from the cell debris and this through Centrifugation separated. Then a TCID₅₀ determination was made and bacterial sterility control.

Claims (2)

1. Verfahren zur Herstellung von attenuierten Viren für Lebendimpfstoffe, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das attenuierte Virus durch Infektion von Gewebekulturen mit zuvor isolierter Virusnukleinsäure unter Zusatz von die Infektiosität der Virusnukleinsäure steigernder Substanz gewonnen wird.1. A process for the preparation of attenuated viruses for live vaccines, characterized in that the attenuated virus is obtained by infection of tissue cultures with previously isolated virus nucleic acid with the addition of the infectivity of the virus nucleic acid increasing substance. 2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als die Infektiosität der Nukleinsäure steigernder Zusatz bei der Beimpfung der Zellkulturen DEAE-Dextran (MW 500.000) in einer Konzentration von 250 µg/ml eingesetzt wird.2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that as the Infectivity of the nucleic acid-increasing additive when inoculated of cell cultures DEAE-Dextran (MW 500,000) in a concentration of 250 µg / ml is used.
DE19803019554 1980-05-22 1980-05-22 Attenuated live vaccine prodn. - using virus produced by trans-infection, i.e. by infection of a tissue culture with viral nucleic acid Granted DE3019554A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

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DE19803019554 DE3019554A1 (en) 1980-05-22 1980-05-22 Attenuated live vaccine prodn. - using virus produced by trans-infection, i.e. by infection of a tissue culture with viral nucleic acid

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DE3019554A1 DE3019554A1 (en) 1981-11-26
DE3019554C2 true DE3019554C2 (en) 1988-11-17

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