DE3014348A1 - Detecting cracks in surface-hardened shafts - conducting HF sound through shaft while being bent and using at least one microphone - Google Patents

Detecting cracks in surface-hardened shafts - conducting HF sound through shaft while being bent and using at least one microphone

Info

Publication number
DE3014348A1
DE3014348A1 DE19803014348 DE3014348A DE3014348A1 DE 3014348 A1 DE3014348 A1 DE 3014348A1 DE 19803014348 DE19803014348 DE 19803014348 DE 3014348 A DE3014348 A DE 3014348A DE 3014348 A1 DE3014348 A1 DE 3014348A1
Authority
DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
shaft
straightening
microphone
cracks
coupled
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
DE19803014348
Other languages
German (de)
Inventor
Herbert Dr.-Ing. 7300 Esslingen Spreckelmeyer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Daimler Benz AG
Original Assignee
Daimler Benz AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Daimler Benz AG filed Critical Daimler Benz AG
Priority to DE19803014348 priority Critical patent/DE3014348A1/en
Publication of DE3014348A1 publication Critical patent/DE3014348A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/14—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object using acoustic emission techniques
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N19/00—Investigating materials by mechanical methods
    • G01N19/08—Detecting presence of flaws or irregularities

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)

Abstract

An arrangement detecting surface hardened shafts with cracks by bending is rationalised. The sound conducted through the shaft (1) during bending is detected and the occurrence of a partic. high frequency sound region observed. The occurrence of this frequency band indicates the presence of cracks. The arrangement consists of a bearing (2,3) at either end of the shaft and a bending rod (4). At least one microphone (5) for detecting noise in solids is coupled acoustically to the shaft. The microphone may be coupled to one of the two shaft bearings (2,3) or the bending rod (4). When the h.f. band is detected an element automatically removes the shaft to a rejection container.

Description

Verfahren zum Feststellen von mit RissenMethod of detecting with cracks

versehenen oberflächengehärteten Wellen o.dgl. beim Richtbiegen und Anordnung zur Ausübung des Verfahrens Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Feststellen von mit Rissen versehenen oberflächengehärteten Wellen o.dgl.provided surface-hardened shafts or the like. in straightening and Arrangement for carrying out the method The invention relates to a method for determining of cracked surface hardened shafts or the like.

beim Geraderichten durch Richtbiegen der Wellen und eine Anordnung zur Ausübung des Verfahrens.when straightening by straightening the shafts and an arrangement to carry out the procedure.

Das Ausrichten von oberflächengehärteten Wellen o.dgl. erfolgt mittels automatischer Richtmaschinen. Die Wellen werden zwischen Spitzen eingespannt, der Schlag wird ausgemessen und je nach Größe klassifiziert. Der daraus ermittelte Wert ist ein Maß fr den Weg des Eiegestempels. Zum Geraderichten wird die Welle an beiden Enden durch Aufsetzlager unterstützt Das eigentliche Richtbiegen erfolgt unter Zeitbegrenzung, z,B. 40 Sekunden, da sich angerissene Wellen meistens innerhalb dieser Zeit nicht richten lassen. Nicht richtbare Wellen werden in ein Ausschußmagazin transportiert.The alignment of surface hardened shafts or the like. takes place by means of automatic straightening machines. The shafts are clamped between tips, the Impact is measured and classified according to size. The value determined from this is a measure of the path of the egg punch. For straightening, the shaft is used on both Ends supported by abutment bearings The actual straightening bending takes place with a time limit, z, B. 40 seconds, as torn waves usually do not appear within this time let judge. Non-directional shafts are transported to a reject magazine.

Die Tatsache der Rißbildung zeigte sich bisher dadurch an, daß das Rückfederungsvermögen einer rissigen Welle anders ist, als bei einer rißfreien Welle. Eine rissige Welle federt weniger stark zurück, sie wird beim Richtbiegen von dem Biegestempel plastisch verformt.The fact of the crack formation has so far been indicated by the fact that the Resilience of a cracked wave is different than with one crack-free shaft. A cracked shaft bounces back less strongly, it becomes during straightening bending plastically deformed by the bending punch.

Abgesehen von dem hohen Zeitaufwand bei der Rißerkennung ist dieses Verfahren auch lückenhaft. Beispielsweise werden beim Richtbiegen entstehende Risse überhaupt nicht erkannt. Diese Werkstücke gelangen unerkannt in die weitere Bearbeitung.Apart from the high expenditure of time in the crack detection, this is Procedure also sketchy. For example, cracks that occur during straightening not recognized at all. These workpieces are processed further undetected.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, das Verfahren rationeller und zuverlässiger zu gestalten.The object of the invention is to make the method more efficient and reliable to design.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch die kennzeichnenden Merkmale von Anspruch 1 gelöst.This task is achieved by the characterizing features of claim 1 solved.

Beim Richtbiegen machen sich bestehende oder entstehende Risse durch ein hochfrequentes knirschendes Geräusch bemerkbar. Dieses Geräusch wird zur Steuerung eines Greifers für den Ausschuß herangezogen.During straightening, existing or emerging cracks can be found a high-frequency grinding noise is noticeable. This sound becomes the control a gripper used for the committee.

Dadurch kann die Rißbildung unmittelbar beim Richten erfaßt werden, der Durchlauf der zu richtenden Wellen wird wesentlich erhöht und eine absolute Fertigungssicherheit erreicht.This means that the crack formation can be detected immediately during straightening, the passage of the waves to be straightened is significantly increased and an absolute one Manufacturing reliability achieved.

Bei einer Anordnung zum Richtbiegen von oberflächengehärteten Wellen o.dgl. mit zwei an den Wellenenden vorgesehenen Aufsetzlagern und einem auf die Welle aufsetzbaren Biegestempel zur Ausübung des Verfahrens, kann mit der Welle wenigstens mittelbar ein Körperschallmikrophon akustisch gekoppelt sein.In an arrangement for straightening surface-hardened shafts or the like. with two support bearings provided on the shaft ends and one on the Shaft attachable bending punch to carry out the process, can with the shaft be acoustically coupled at least indirectly a structure-borne sound microphone.

Die beim Richten auftretenden Schallemissionen geben bei einer Rißbildung eindeutige Signale. Durch eine Ausfilterung des nicht der Rißbildung zugeordneten Frequenzbereiches werden diese Riß-Signale erfaßt und zur Betätigung eines Ausschußgreifers weiterverarbeitet.The noise emissions that occur during straightening occur when cracks form clear signals. By filtering out that which is not associated with the formation of cracks These crack signals are detected in the frequency range and used to operate a reject gripper further processed.

Ferner kann das Körperschallmikrophon mit einem der beiden Aufsetzlager gekoppelt sein.Furthermore, the structure-borne sound microphone can be equipped with one of the two contact bearings be coupled.

Dadurch werden einwandfreie Signale erfaßt und die Ankoppelung an die Welle muß nicht jedesmal neu vorgenommen werden.As a result, perfect signals are recorded and the coupling to the wave does not have to be made anew every time.

Schließlich kann das Körperschallmikrophon auch mit dem Biegestempel gekoppelt sein.Finally, the structure-borne sound microphone can also be used with the bending punch be coupled.

Anhand eines in der Zeichnung schematisch dargestellten Ausführungsbeispieles eines Anordnung zum Richtbiegen von Wellen o.dgl. soll die Erfindung näher erläutert werden.On the basis of an exemplary embodiment shown schematically in the drawing an arrangement for straightening shafts or the like. is intended to explain the invention in more detail will.

Eine mit einem Schlag versehene Welle 1 wird zum Richtbiegen auf Aufsetzlager 2, 3 aufgesetzt. Nach erfolgter Einwirkung des Biegestempels 4 wird die Welle 1 neu vermessen, neu klassifiziert und der Weg des Biegestempels-4 zum Richtbiegen neu eingestellt, bis die Welle 1 in den vorgegebenen Toleranzen liegt. Läßt sich die Welle 1 innerhalb einer Zeitvorgabe von z.B. 40 Sekunden nicht richten, so wird ein Ausschußgreifer betätigt, wodurch die betreffende Welle in ein Ausschußmagazin zu einer weiteren manuellen Überprüfung abgelegt wird.A shaft 1 provided with an impact is used for straightening on contact bearings 2, 3 put on. After the bending punch 4 has acted, the shaft 1 remeasured, reclassified and the path of the punch-4 to straightening readjusted until shaft 1 is within the specified tolerances. Let yourself do not judge wave 1 within a time limit of e.g. 40 seconds, so will a reject gripper actuated, whereby the shaft in question in a reject magazine is filed for a further manual review.

Beim Richtbiegen der Welle 1 werden die auftretenden Schallemissionen durch ein Körperschallmikrophon 5 erfaßt. Beim Entstehen eines Risses oder bei einem bereits bestehenden Riß tritt ein eindeutiges hochfrequentes Schallgeräusch auf. Dieses in einem bestimmten Frequenzbereich liegende Geräusch wird zur Steuerung des Ausschußgreifers herangezogen, welcher die betreffende Welle in das Ausschußmagazin befördert.When the shaft 1 is straightened, the noise emissions that occur are detected by a structure-borne sound microphone 5. At the Formation of a crack or in the case of an already existing crack there is a clear, high-frequency sound on. This noise, which lies in a certain frequency range, becomes the control of the committee gripper used, which the shaft in question in the committee magazine promoted.

Claims (4)

Ansprüche Verfahren zum Feststellen von mit Rissen versehenen oberflächengehärteten Wellen o.dgl. beim Geraderichten durch Richtbiegen, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h -n e t , daß von der Welle (1) beim Richtbiegen erzeugter Körperschall erfaßt und das Auftreten eines bestimmten hochfrequenten Schallbereiches beobachtet und als Hinweis für die Rißbildung herangezogen wird. Claims method for detecting cracked surface hardened Waves or the like. when straightening by straightening, d u r c h e k e n n z e i c h -n e t that detected structure-borne noise generated by the shaft (1) during straightening and the occurrence of a certain high-frequency sound range is observed and is used as an indication of the formation of cracks. 2. Anordnung zum Richtbiegen von oberflächengehärteten Wellen o.dgl. mit zwei an den Wellenenden vorgesehenen Aufsetzlagern und einem auf die Welle aufsetzbaren Bieges stempel zur Ausübung des Verfahrens nach Anspruch 1, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , daß mit der Welle (1) wenigstens mittelbar ein Körperschallmikrophon (5) akustisch gekoppelt ist. 2. Arrangement for straightening of surface-hardened shafts or the like. with two support bearings provided on the shaft ends and one that can be placed on the shaft Bending punch for performing the method according to claim 1, d a d u r c h g e k It is noted that the shaft (1) is at least indirectly a structure-borne sound microphone (5) is acoustically coupled. 3. Anordnung nach Anspruch 2, d a d u r c h g e k e n n -z e i c h n e t , daß das Körperschallmikrophon (5) mit einem der beiden Aufsetzlager (2, 3) gekoppelt ist. 3. Arrangement according to claim 2, d a d u r c h g e k e n n -z e i c n e t that the structure-borne sound microphone (5) with one of the two contact bearings (2, 3) is coupled. 4. Anordnung nach Anspruch 2, d a d u r c h g e -k e n n z e i c h n e t , daß das Körperschallmikrophon (5) mit dem Biegestempel (4) gekoppelt ist.4. Arrangement according to claim 2, d a d u r c h g e -k e n n z e i c h n e t that the structure-borne sound microphone (5) is coupled to the bending punch (4).
DE19803014348 1980-04-15 1980-04-15 Detecting cracks in surface-hardened shafts - conducting HF sound through shaft while being bent and using at least one microphone Withdrawn DE3014348A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19803014348 DE3014348A1 (en) 1980-04-15 1980-04-15 Detecting cracks in surface-hardened shafts - conducting HF sound through shaft while being bent and using at least one microphone

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19803014348 DE3014348A1 (en) 1980-04-15 1980-04-15 Detecting cracks in surface-hardened shafts - conducting HF sound through shaft while being bent and using at least one microphone

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
DE3014348A1 true DE3014348A1 (en) 1981-10-22

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2014056615A1 (en) * 2012-10-10 2014-04-17 Ulrich Seuthe Method and device for avoiding and/or detecting stress cracks in a component as a result of hardening or straightening

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2014056615A1 (en) * 2012-10-10 2014-04-17 Ulrich Seuthe Method and device for avoiding and/or detecting stress cracks in a component as a result of hardening or straightening
CN104995506A (en) * 2012-10-10 2015-10-21 乌尔里克·佐伊特 Method and device for avoiding and/or detecting stress cracks in a component as a result of hardening or straightening

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Legal Events

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OP8 Request for examination as to paragraph 44 patent law
8125 Change of the main classification

Ipc: G01N 29/04

8126 Change of the secondary classification

Ipc: B21D 3/10

8130 Withdrawal